预应力混凝土超静定结构的设计研究

提出了预应力混凝土超静定结构的一种新的设计方法──单位次弯矩法，该法以预应力混凝土结构中所有预应力混凝土构件同时满足两类极限状态为设计原则，基本上避免了工程设计中常见的试算过程，并使得设计结果合理，经济；在此基础上，还对如何有效地利用预应力混凝土超静定结构中由于施加产生的次内力进行了详细的研究，并对预应力筋的布置方案，曲线选型，和积极利用非吻合束等问题提出了可供实践应用的设计建议，附有工程设计实例     

无粘结预应力混凝土连续梁次弯矩及其影响

预应力混凝土愈来愈被工程界广泛地应用。预应力混凝土结构较普通混凝土结构可以得到较高的承载能力和较小的跨中挠度。但是预应力结构在施加预应力时,会产生次弯矩。这种次弯矩影响结构的弯矩分布和承载能力,在使用预应力结构时,应考虑这一影响。文章阐述了次弯矩的的概念及产生机理,分析了次弯矩对结构在各个受力阶段的使用性能的影响。     

考虑预应力损失的超静定结构次弯矩精确计算法

在预应力混凝土结构中,由子孔道磨擦及锚具回缩等损失致使预应力沿预应力筋产生显著的变化。本文提出采用约束次弯矩法精确计算考虑各种预应力损失后的超静定结构的次弯矩,本文方法与等效荷载法不同,它是直接由杆件单元的主弯矩计算次弯矩的方法,本文方法的计算结果为精确解,文未附有工程应用实例。     

预应力型钢混凝土框架试验研究和设计理论

基于两榀预应力型钢混凝土框架的竖向静力试验,对其破坏形态、裂缝的开展与分布、刚度变化、弯矩调幅等特征进行研究.试验结果表明:预应力型钢混凝土框架梁发生类似于钢筋混凝土适筋梁的正截面受弯破坏,属延性破坏,框架梁端形成塑性铰实现了塑性内力重分布,位移延性比大于3,弯矩调幅值为30%左右,弯矩调幅值高于普通预应力混凝土结构.最后分析了次内力产生的本质,提出考虑次内力包括次弯矩、次轴力的预应力型钢混凝土结构的抗弯极限承载力、抗裂度、刚度及最大裂缝宽度计算公式,计算结果与试验数据较吻合.本文计算理论反映了现代预应力设计理论的新思想,为《预应力混凝土结构设计规范》的编制提供依据.     

预应力混凝土超静定结构中的次弯矩

针对现有预应力混凝土正截面承载力计算方法中对次弯矩的考虑 ,文章阐述了在特殊布筋形式及高次超静定的井式梁结构中 ,次弯矩的形状、大小、正负均不同于一般连续梁和框架结构 ,次弯矩不再是对支座有利对跨中不利 ,次弯矩图在支座间也可能不是直线 ,指出了有关技术规程的局限     

后张预应力平板－柱结构实用设计方法的研究

首先将后张预应力平板－桂结构的综合弯矩、次弯矩表达成板、柱预应力筋面积的函数，然后提出了预应力硅结构构件裂缝控制及验算建议，最后给出了通过使用性能计算确定板、性预应力筋面积，通过正截面承载力计算和配筋构造要求确定板、柱非预应力筋面积的设计方法，该法避免了以往繁琐的试算过程，并能使使用性能和正截面承载力要求同时达到最佳。     

有黏结预应力框架梁的结构设计

 结合设计中跨度较大、重荷载、耐久稳定、防腐、防火要求高等特点,对某会展馆楼面结构优化后,选取后张有黏结预应力混凝土结构,使结构具有较好的整体受力性能.从分析模型确立、裂缝控制、承载力验算3个宏观方向,详细阐述后张有黏结预应力框架设计中的预应力估算、线形确定、损失估算、次弯矩影响、非预应力筋计算、控制截面讨论等全过程,针对能够反映混凝土框架梁端延性的受压区高度、折算受拉钢筋配筋率、预应力度、非预应力钢筋面积比等几个问题,给出在设计过程中的处理办法及延性目标限值,最后确定合理的张拉施工方案,并对张拉核心区进行验算,达到设计施工的和谐统一,可供类似工程参考.     

单环预应力作用下混凝土压力管道受力分析研究

以弹性地基梁理论为基础,提出了无限长、半无限长和有限长预应力混凝土压力管道在单环预应力作用下的内力理论计算公式,并将计算结果与三维有限元分析结果进行了对比。得到了预应力筋束最大间距的计算方法,以保证压力管道各横断面能够建立相同均匀的预压应力;提出了预应力筋束分步张拉施工与荷载控制方法,以减小管壁混凝土的轴向次弯矩。研究结果对避免预应力张拉施工阶段在管壁混凝土内表面出现环形裂缝及合理进行预应力筋束布设等具有一定工程应用价值。     

超静定预应力混凝土结构弯矩调幅取值建议

预应力混凝土结构塑性计算理论与设计方法是理论界和工程界十分关注且较为棘手的问题之一。通过对比国内外混凝土设计规范和各研究机构对超静定预应力混凝土结构考虑塑性内力重分布的弯矩调幅设计建议,讨论相对受压区高度ξ和塑性转角θp对超静定预应力混凝土结构弯矩调幅设计建议的影响。提出合理安全的弯矩调幅设计建议。     

无黏结预应力连续梁次弯矩演化及弯矩调幅

完成4根无黏结预应力混凝土两跨连续梁受力全过程试验,对支座反力及控制截面弯矩重分布程度进行分析.运用非线性阶段的预应力次弯矩定义,将非线性阶段连续梁总弯矩分解成次弯矩和荷载弯矩.研究加载全过程次弯矩和荷载弯矩的演化规律,提出了对初始次弯矩和弹性荷载弯矩分别调幅的无黏结预应力混凝土连续梁弯矩调幅公式.采用已有文献中一组试验梁对所提公式的计算精度进行验证.研究结果表明,无黏结预应力连续梁弯矩重分布的原因可以归结为无黏结筋应力的增长以及连续梁各部分割线刚度比值的改变.承载力极限状态下,次弯矩折减系数随中支座综合配筋指数的增大而增大,荷载弯矩调幅系数随其增大而降低.文中弯矩调幅建议公式较已有公式更接近试验结果,可为设计规范中相关条款的制订提供参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-