［（N，N－二膦酸亚甲墓）甘氨酸－磷酸氢］锆－钯催化剂的催化加氢活性

一类新型负载钯催化剂：［（Ｎ，Ｎ－二膦酸亚甲基）甘氨酸－磷酸氢］锆－钯催化剂由Ｚｒ（ＨＰＯ４）２－ｘ［（Ｏ３ＰＣＨ２）２ＮＣＨ２ＣＯ２Ｈ］ｘ·Ｈ２Ｏ与ＰｄＣｌ２在甲醇中络合和水台胼还原制得．研究了催化剂在常压下对取代烯烃和硝基苯的加氢反应，催化剂的ｘ值、Ｐｄ％含量，＞ＮＣＨ２ＣＯ２Ｈ／Ｐｄ比值、反应温度、溶剂和底物对催化加氢活性的影响也进行了研究．催化剂可重复使用８次而无显著失活．［（Ｎ，Ｎ－二膦酸亚甲基）甘氨酸－磷酸氢］锆；氯化钯；负载；催化活性     

二氧化硅负载壳聚糖席夫碱钯催化硝基苯加氢反应的研究

制备了二氧化硅负载壳聚糖席夫碱钯催化剂,利用X射线粉末衍射仪、红外光谱仪和热重分析仪对催化剂的性质进行了分析,并对催化剂的硝基苯加氢反应催化性能进行了初步的评价.结果表明,二氧化硅负载壳聚糖席夫碱钯表现出了优良的硝基苯催化加氢反应活性,在温和的反应条件下,硝基苯可完全催化加氢转化为苯胺;催化剂可回收,重复使用四次后,硝基苯转化率仍达到88.4%.     

m-β-羟乙基砜硝基苯催化加氢制m-β-羟乙基砜苯胺

以Ｐｄ／Ｃ为催化剂,考察了温度、压力、溶剂、溶剂量、溶液ｐＨ值、搅拌速度及反应原料对ｍ－β－羟乙基砜硝基苯催化加氢制,ｍ－β－羟乙基苯胺的影响。表明以自制的ｗ＝０．０２Ｐｄ／Ｃ为经剂,经提纯的工厂中间体ｍ－β－羟乙基砜硝基苯为原料,在６５℃、３．５ＭＰａ、乙醇为溶剂、原料：乙醇：催化剂＝１：１：０．０５（ｍ／ｍ）、溶液ｐＨ值７～８、搅拌速度８００ｒ／ｍｉｈ的条件下反应２ｈ,反应得率可达９９．７％＾     

乙醇重整制氢对邻氯硝基苯的原位加氢合成邻氯苯胺的研究

制备了两种PVP稳定的负载型稀土金属催化剂, 考察了其催化邻氯硝基苯（o-CNB）选择加氢制备邻氯苯胺（o-CAN）的催化性能. 所用氢气通过乙醇的液相催化重整产生并直接用于邻氯硝基苯的原位加氢. 评价了不同反应条件（温度、时间、Fe修饰剂等）对邻氯硝基苯的选择加氢的影响. 研究表明, PVP-La/γ-Al2O3催化剂比另一贵金属催化剂PVP-Pd/γ-Al2O3拥有更好的催化性能. 同时, 在优化的条件下, Fe修饰的PVP-La/γ-Al2O3催化剂催化的邻氯硝基苯选择加氢反应中, o-CNB的转化     

功能化聚苯乙烯树脂负载钯催化剂在聚酮合成中的应用

采用苯乙烯与二乙烯基苯交联合成聚苯乙烯树脂微球,通过一系列反应后得到表面接枝双齿氮的功能化树脂微球.以负载有乙酸钯的功能化树脂微球组成的催化体系催化一氧化碳和苯乙烯共聚合成聚酮.利用红外光谱和扫描电镜对树脂负载催化剂及聚合产物进行了表征.研究了催化体系中各组分用量及反应时间对共聚反应的影响.结果表明,树脂负载催化剂对聚酮合成反应具有较好的催化性能:当树脂用量为0.5 g、乙酸钯为22.4 mg时,聚酮产量达8.6606 g.     

壳聚糖负载钯络合物催化氢化苯乙酮的动力学

以二氧化硅负载壳聚糖-钯络合物(SiO2-CS-Pd)为催化剂,在常温且氢气压力恒定为1.0×105 Pa下,以乙醇为溶剂催化苯乙酮加氢生成1-苯基乙醇,用气相色谱仪跟踪反应进程.结果表明,在实验条件下,反应对苯乙酮为一级,反应速率随催化剂的增多而加快.提出了可能的反应机理.     

羊毛-钯-镍配合物对芳硝基化合物催化加氢反应的催化性能

生物高分子负载型双金属羊毛-钯-镍络合物对芳硝基化合物催化加氢反应性能的研究,发现该催化剂制备简单,温和条件下能有效地将芳硝基化合物催化加氢.考察了反应温度、溶剂、金属负载量、Pd/Ni比、溶液pH等对催化加氢反应的影响.在最佳条件下,芳硝基化舍物被100%的转化为芳胺化合物,并且催化荆重复使用4次,仍有较高的催化活性.     

乙酸和正丁醇在强酸性阳离子交换树脂上酯化反应的动力学行为

以大孔强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂进行了乙酸和正丁醇的酯化反应，研究了不同的催化剂用量、醇／醇摩尔比和温度对酯化反应的影响，得出较佳的工艺条件为２．５２ｇｃａｔ／ｍｏｌＨＡｃ、醇／酸摩尔比为１和１１０～１２０℃，并从温度与酯化速度的关系求出反应级数（ｎ），反应速度常数（ｋ）和反应活化能（Ｅ）．     

铂钯双金属纳米催化剂的催化活性

由聚合物稳定的铂纳米催化剂对环己烯催化加氢反应具有较高的催化活性，在铂纳米催化剂中引入第二金属元素钯，即在纳米铂颗粒上包裹一层钯，形成具有球壳结构Pt-Pd双金属催化剂，随引入钯的量不同，其催化能力的大小发生了变化．而且调节反应溶液的pH值，催化能力也发生变化.     

Pd-Sn/吸附树脂催化剂催化氢化卤代硝基苯的选择性

研究了大孔聚苯乙烯系吸附树脂Ｄ３５２０负载的钯锡催化剂氢化卤代芳香硝基化合物的性能，分别考察了温度、溶剂、底物浓度等对其选择性的影响，并与文献值进行了比较．结果表明：原子比为０８的ＰｄＳｎ／Ｄ３５２０催化剂对氯硝基苯３种异构体的加氢，不仅活性高、反应条件温和，而且脱氯率较低．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-