一种基于模糊加权非局部均值图像滤波方法研究

针对传统均值滤波算法滤除混合噪声以及随机值脉冲过程中滤除效果差的问题,提出一种新的模糊加权非局部均值滤波方法.该算法在传统的非局部均值滤波算法基础上,引入了模糊信息价值指数,对图像中的每一个像素点进行标记.由该指标对图像中像素点信息价值性进行判断,抑制脉冲分量的影响.实验结果表明,所提出算法的滤除噪声视觉效果更加清晰,能够有效滤除混合噪声以及随机值脉冲.     

带有相关噪声离散线性系统改进的卡尔曼滤波

研究在系统噪声和观测噪声相关情况下带有控制输入离散线性系统的估计问题,基于卡尔曼滤波和卡尔曼滤波的哈密尔顿方法,提出了一个改进的卡尔曼滤波算法.与经典卡尔曼滤波相比,此算法不需要计算卡尔曼增益矩阵和观测序列的条件均值,并在需要更少回归方程且回归方程易于计算的情况下,取得了最优性能.因此,此算法易于应用.仿真结果表明,此算法能够有效地估计系统状态.     

基于3维轴距与非局部均值的无人机巡检图像去噪算法

无人机搭载摄像设备获得输电线路的数字图像,利用数字图像处理技术可以提高故障识别率,而图像在采集和传输过程中易受到噪声干扰,图像质量受损不利于后续输电线故障识别,因而有必要对图像进行去噪处理。以无人机巡检高压输电线图像为对象,针对航拍图像中存在椒盐噪声问题,研究了椒盐噪声的3维直方图分布特点,并且在非局部均值滤波算法的基础上改进相似性权重,提出一种结合3维轴距的非局部均值去噪方法,解决了原非局部均值算法主要针对高斯噪声以及耗时过长的问题。首先,根据椒盐噪声的特点,对含噪图像进行3维轴距预滤波处理,计算图像中每个像素点的3维轴距,依据轴距检测噪声点,并对噪声点进行中值滤波。其次,对噪声点和非噪声点设置不同的权重,噪声点不计入相似性度量中,使得像素块之间相似度判断更加准确,利用改进的权重计算函数作非局部均值去噪。实验结果表明,所提算法能够有效去除巡检图像中的椒盐噪声,尤其是背景复杂图像中有显著的去噪效果,图像细节和边缘信息保持较好。同时所提算法与原非局部均值相比,耗时低,实时性得以提高。     

基于改进无迹卡尔曼滤波的多径估计算法

【目的】在导航定位系统中，基于卡尔曼滤波框架的多径误差抑制算法是提高定位精度的有效方法。但是，在算法的过程噪声和观测噪声协方差初值的选取不当时，会导致估计结果误差很大甚至发散。另外，由于此类算法是基于最小均方误差准则，算法在受到非高斯噪声干扰时尤其是重尾非高斯噪声，会出现估计精度显著下降的问题。【方法】为了在高斯噪声和非高斯噪声下都能够保持较好的多径估计结果提高定位精度，本文提出一种自适应最大相关熵无迹卡尔曼滤波(adaptive maximum correntropy unscented kalman filter, AMCUKF)多径估计算法，算法在观测更新过程中引入最大相关熵作为优化准则，以解决在非高斯噪声下的估计精度下降的问题，在噪声协方差更新过程中用观测量的残差序列对噪声协方差矩阵进行递归更新，取代过程噪声和观测噪声协方差初值的选取。【结果】在高斯噪声和非高斯噪声下分别进行了仿真实验，通过与两种基于卡尔曼滤波框架的估计算法进行对比表明，AMCUKF多径算法不仅能够在高斯噪声下保持较好的多径估计结果，而且在非高斯噪声下也能够保持更高的多径估计精度，有效抑制非高斯噪声的干扰。     

基于非局部方向性核先验的PET图像Bayesian重建

为了在抑制噪声的同时更好地保持PET重建图像中的细节结构,提出了一种基于非局部方向性核先验(NSKP)的Bayesian重建算法.为了充分利用图像中的全局信息,该算法在二阶核回归过程中估计出图像梯度,计算出相应的方向性矩阵,并根据非局部均值权值矩阵和方向性矩阵的卷积,计算先验项的权值.在重建中,该算法在高阶核回归过程中同时更新图像的梯度和先验信息,而不是单独计算图像梯度.另外,高阶核回归方法运用多自由度的参数估计提高了重建的精确度.研究结果表明,该算法通过计算引入局部结构信息的全局先验权重,更好地抑制了噪声和过平滑,保持了重建图像中细节区域的结构性和背景区域的一致性.对体模数据的模拟实验结果从视觉和数值角度验证了该算法在PET图像重建中的有效性.     

改进卡尔曼算法在电子鼻信号处理中的应用

为了降低的电子鼻测量过程中噪声信号对采样结果的影响,提出一种改进的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法,该方法能自适应调整测量方差以及能够滤除传感器本身具有的非高斯噪声信号.针对电子鼻测量过程中的信号特性,建立了测量数据处理的卡尔曼滤波模型,重点讨论改进卡尔曼滤波算法,并将该算法应用到电子鼻测量数据处理过程中,结果表明该方法能够拟制电子鼻测量过程中产生的噪声,提高电子鼻的测量精度.     

一种抑制混合噪声的灰色关联滤波算法

在传统中值、均值滤波算法的基础上借鉴灰色关联理论,提出了一种有效抑制混合噪声的滤波算法.算法采用窗口自适应策略,先统计3×3滤波窗口内椒盐噪声点数目,如果数目大于7,则扩大窗口至5×5.计算各点关联系数,将滤波窗内非椒盐噪声点的灰度值作为比较序列,它们的中值或均值作为参考序列,对于椒盐噪声的滤除参考序列使用中值,对于高斯噪声的滤除使用均值作为参考序列.然后将各非噪声点灰度值与关联系数加权运算,得出的灰度值替换噪声点像素值.通过实验验证了几种算法的性能差别,证实了算法具有较强的去噪能力和边缘保护效果.     

基于Burg算法与卡尔曼滤波的有色噪声状态估计

探讨一种有色噪声卡尔曼滤波算法。基于静态环境下多传感器的噪声信号,借助Burg算法和自回归模型,获得可在线估计噪声信号的噪声模型,进而结合经典卡尔曼滤波算法,获得可估计系统状态的有色噪声卡尔曼滤波模型。数值实验结果比较显示该模型对系统的状态估计精度高、噪声抑制能力强。     

基于等级制度和布朗运动的混沌麻雀搜索算法

针对麻雀搜索算法在迭代后期种群多样性减弱、易于陷入局部最优等问题,提出了一种基于等级制度和布朗运动的混沌麻雀搜索算法(CSSA-HB).首先引入混沌映射调整麻雀搜索算法关键参数;其次引入等级制度,利用父代种群中3个最优个体对警戒者进行位置更新,加强个体间交流,增强种群多样性;然后利用布朗运动可控均匀步长,增强算法的探索能力;当算法陷入停滞时,利用布朗运动策略对个体施加扰动,促使算法跳出局部最优;最后利用贪婪策略保留优势个体,有效加快收敛速度.对12个测试函数进行仿真实验,结果表明混沌映射能有效增强算法性能,迭代映射表现最佳;改进算法具有较强的局部最优规避能力、更快的收敛速度和更高的收敛精度.     

基于混沌搜索的简化粒子群优化算法

针对带有收缩因子的粒子群优化算法(CFPSO)容易陷入局部极值、进化后期的收敛速度慢和精度低等缺点,采用简化粒子群优化(sCFPSO)方程与混沌搜索技术相结合的方法,提出了基于混沌搜索的简化粒子群优化(CsCFPSO)算法.该算法利用分段线性混沌映射(PWLCM)的遍历性和类随机性来完成混沌搜索,从而加快sCFPSO算法跳出局部极值点而继续优化.经过6个经典测试函数对该算法进行实验,结果表明其对于粒子群优化具有很好的使用价值,它可以准确地消去局部极值,确保收敛速度和精度,该算法是通过缩小种群数和进化代数来实现的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.