构树的异形叶性及对环境的生态适应

植物的异形叶性是对于环境适应的集中表现,通过野外踏查和室内分析,对构树的异形叶性和叶片功能性状进行了研究.结果表明:构树具有复杂的异形叶性,具有全缘和1～8裂等9种叶形,在幼株中以缺裂叶为主,在成株中以全缘叶为主,且偶数裂叶的比例高于奇数裂叶.随着构树年龄的增加,构树比叶面积呈下降趋势.在幼株中,构树全缘叶的比叶面积大于缺裂叶,但在成株中,缺裂叶的比叶面积大于全缘叶.因此,构树叶片的功能性状能够在一定程度上反应其对光照环境的响应.     

委陵菜属四种植物茎叶解剖结构的比较研究

利用解剖学方法对委陵菜属四种植物的茎叶解剖特征进行了比较和分析，结果表明：四种植物茎的结构具有相似性，只是多茎委陵菜茎具有复表皮现象；从叶的结构看，二裂叶委陵菜属于等面叶，叶肉组织全部分化为栅栏组织，而其余三种叶均为背腹叶：综合四种植物茎叶解剖特征，四种委陵菜都具有旱生植物特征。但其抗旱性的发达程度不尽相同，其中以二裂叶委陵菜的抗旱特征最显著，其次为西山委陵菜，多茎委陵菜，鹅绒委陵菜较弱。     

一种非闭合曲线的傅里叶描述新算法

为实现非闭合曲线的精确识别,基于傅里叶变换和几何对称性,提出了一种用于识别非闭合曲线的新算法.首先,将非闭合曲线二值化,并生成表示此非闭合曲线的点集S1;然后,根据几何对称性生成新的点集S2,将点集S1和S2的首尾点相连,形成由S1和S2表示的封闭二值曲线;最后对新生成的封闭曲线进行傅里叶描述,生成描述此封闭曲线的傅里叶描述符.根据傅里叶变换原理,对傅里叶描述符进行归一化处理.同时,引入χ2置信度来衡量曲线的相似度.实验结果表明:所提出的傅里叶描述符可以实现非闭合曲线的精确识别和重构,且不失旋转、尺度及平移不变性;与传统的傅里叶描述符相比,该傅里叶描述符具有更低的置信度和更好的数据稳定度.     

国产堇菜属（Viola）植物的数量分类学研究

应用聚类分析的方法对国产堇菜属植物进行了数量分类研究，根据结合水平探讨了堇菜属中亚属和组的划分，发现须毛柱头亚属和二裂花柱亚属作为同一亚属的不同组处理更为合理．堇菜亚属中多数组的划分与传统分类的结果相一致，但裂叶堇菜组和阔鞘堇菜组应合并到合生托叶组中，鳞茎堇菜复合群最好分出另立一组．根据聚类分析结果，并结合形态学特征和地理分布式样的分析，确认西山堇菜和维西堇菜实属同一个种，块茎堇菜作为一个独立的种是成立的     

非局部多尺度融合的单帧图像超分辨率重建

现有的深度超分辨率重建模型,用堆叠多个相同模块的方式获取具有更高精度的重建结果,但未能充分考虑各层特征间的上下文关联信息.提出一种基于非局部多尺度融合的图像超分辨率重建模型.该模型采用3种模块:非局部模块、多尺度融合模块和宽激活残差模块.其中,非局部模块用于获取图像的全局特征,关注目标的核心区域;多尺度融合模块用于融合...     

冬青属植物的叶表皮特征及其分类学意义

利用光学显微镜对102种冬青属植物的叶表皮特征进行了观察.结果表明:不同种冬青属植物的叶表皮特征既具有一定的相似性(如气孔器下生),据大小可分为正常气孔器和大气孔器,气孔器类型以双环列型为主,其次为环列型、三环列型和辐射型,下表皮具有退化大气孔器、簇状木质化细胞和瘿状结构;也具有一定的差异性,如叶表皮细胞的大小、形状、垂周壁形态和表面纹饰以及表皮毛的有无和长度.冬青属叶表皮特征的共同点表明冬青属是一自然类群,而其不同点说明叶表皮的某些特征可以作为种间分类的依据.因此,冬青属的叶表皮特征具有分类学意义,能为该属现生植物的系统分类、化石植物鉴定和系统演化研究提供可靠的证据.     

轿子山自然保护区急尖长苞冷杉林群落特征研究

轿子山的急尖长苞冷杉(Abies georgeivar.smithii)林是西南地区同类森林中分布纬度和海拔最低的类型,具有重要的地理学意义和保护价值.急尖长苞冷杉林目前残存于昆明北部禄劝县和东川区,主要分布于轿子山保护区内,分布海拔为2700~4000m.基于10个20m×25m的样地资料的研究,结果表明其生物多样性特征是:群落样地由252种维管植物组成.种子植物属的分布区类型以北温带成分为主,占40.77%.种以中国特有成分为主,占30.74%.②生活型谱以地面芽植物为主,占38.53%.其次是高位芽植物,占32.90%.③该群落叶型以单叶(81.82%)、纸质叶(50.65%)、非全缘叶(54.11%)、中型(51.95%)和小型叶(40.69%)、非渐尖(77.49%)占优势.④群落中草本层的物种丰富度最大,Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数均是草本层灌木层乔木层,Pielou均匀度指数是草本层乔木层灌木层.     

木兰科植物的幼叶卷叠式特征及其系统学意义

系统观察研究了木兰科 13属 13组 63种植物幼叶卷叠式 .观察结果表明 ,木兰科幼叶卷叠式可划分为 3种类型 :①幼叶在芽中直立 ,其远轴面叶背向芽 ,贴靠或旋卷包芽的木兰型 ;②幼叶在芽中向下弯垂 ,其远轴面叶背向芽 ,贴靠芽的鹅掌楸型 ;③幼叶在芽中直立 ,其近轴面叶面向芽 ,贴靠或包抱芽的厚壁木兰型 .结合前人另外 3属的资料表明 ,在木兰科的 16属幼叶卷叠式中 ,仅鹅掌楸属 1属为鹅掌楸型 ,厚壁木兰属、华盖木属和拟单性木兰属等 3属为厚壁木兰型 ,其它 12属均为木兰型 .从该 3种类型的演化及其植物的地理分布看 ,东南亚是木兰科的多度中心 ,也是木兰科的保存中心和分化中心 ,因此也可能是木兰科的起源中心 .与其它相关特征比较 ,我们支持将木兰科划分为 2个亚科或族的处理 ,认为厚壁木兰型植物是木兰亚科或族中一个比较自然的类群 ,不赞成将它们分割开来的任何处理 .最后认为 ,芽和幼叶卷叠式在木兰科的营养器官和性状中最为保守 ,幼叶卷叠式特征可用作科下 ,属或属以上分类等级的划分特征 .     

中国沟瓣属植物叶脉序特征观测研究

利用清净标本制作法对8种沟瓣属(Glyptopetalum Thw.)植物的叶脉序进行了细致的观察,探讨了叶脉序在沟瓣属中的分类学价值.研究结果表明:1)沟瓣属植物在叶脉序特征上显示出一些共性,叶脉序类型均为环结曲行羽状脉,一级脉直行,叶缘末级脉结环状,均不具边脉;2)不同种在一级脉、二级脉、间二级脉、三级脉、网眼、盲脉上存在一定差异,可结合宏观特征作为本属植物的分类依据;3)叶脉序特征支持曾被合并的近缘类群大陆沟瓣与长梗沟瓣、细梗沟瓣与皱叶沟瓣各为独立的分类群.     

基于扩张卷积特征自适应融合的复杂驾驶场景目标检测

针对复杂驾驶场景下的目标检测问题,提出一种基于扩张卷积特征自适应融合的目标检测算法.采用单阶段目标检测网络RetinaNet作为基本框架,其包含卷积特征提取、多尺度特征融合以及目标分类与回归子网.为提高网络对多尺度特征的提取能力,设计了基于不同扩张率组合的残差卷积分支模块,以获取不同感受野下的目标特征图;然后,将不同尺度下的特征通过网络自适应学习的参数融合后输出,用于后续的目标预测;最后在大规模且多样化的复杂驾驶场景数据集BDD100K上进行实验.结果 表明,利用扩张残差卷积分支模块与特征自适应融合算法能够分别将网络的平均精度均值由0.330提升至0.338与0.344,并在采用扩张卷积特征自适应融合的情况下达到了0.349.所提算法能够有效提升目标检测算法在复杂驾驶场景下的检测性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-