冬眠动物达乌尔黄鼠离体心脏对缺灌和再灌损伤的耐受性

秋季未入眠之达乌尔黄鼠离体心脏用Langendorff方法灌流,平衡10min,全心缺灌15min,然后再灌10min。于缺灌期和再灌期分别定时收集心脏冠脉流出液,测定流份中肌酸激酶(CK)的活性(U·L^－1),同时记录心电图和心脏收缩力。此外,用恒温动物大鼠作为冬眠动物黄鼠的实验对照,经受完全相同的实验处理。缺灌15 min期内,两种动物心脏皆有大量CK释放,释放量与缺灌时间呈线性关系。但黄鼠各采样点CK释放值都低于大鼠,提示黄鼠心脏对缺灌损伤的耐受性强于大鼠。再灌期大鼠心脏有两个CK释放峰,而黄鼠仅有第Ⅰ峰,且其活性值(179±32U·L^－1)显著低于大鼠(255±17 U·L^－1,P<0.05)。再灌期黄鼠室颤和室速发生率以及心脏收缩幅度下降百分率皆显著低于大鼠(P<0.01)。上述结果证明,与大鼠相比较,冬眠动物黄鼠心脏对缺灌和再灌损伤具有较强的耐受性。     

苯丙氨酸对小鼠心脏缺灌-再灌损伤的保护作用

在Langendorff法灌流小鼠心脏上,以乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放的活性浓度(UL^-1)作为心肌细胞损伤的指标,研究苯丙氨酸(Phe)对缺灌再灌心脏的保护作用。3种不同浓度的Phe(10μmol·L^-1, 1μmol·L^-1,和0.1μmol·L^-1) 均使缺灌期LDH释放明显下降,再灌早期LDH释放第Ⅰ峰也显著下降, 并消除LDH释放第Ⅱ峰。此外,Phe还具有消除再灌期室速,抑制室性早搏和延长正常窦性节律时间的作用。Phe的保护作用与硫辛酸(LA)之作用相似。推测与淬灭缺灌再灌期间产生的氧自由基有关。     

小鼠心脏缺灌和再灌早期乳酸脱氢酶释放规律

离体小鼠心脏,用Langendorff法灌流,平衡10min后全心缺灌,于再灌期最初5min内按一定时间顺序收集冠脉流出液,测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性浓度(U/L),作为心肌细胞损伤的指标。实验分3组,分别采取不同的缺灌时间：5min,10min和15min。平衡期LDH释放对照值3组分别为(7.8±0.8)、(7.9±0.7)和(7.6±0.7)U/L。缺灌期即开始LDH的大量释放,随缺灌时间加长而递增。再灌期,3组LDH均呈现双相释放,第Ⅰ峰出现于再灌开始15s,峰值极高,分别为：5min缺灌组：(55.4±3.8)U/L;10min组：(86.8±5.4)U/L,15min组：(96.2±6.8)U/L,均与各自平衡期对照值差异显著(p<0.001)。该峰升降迅速,主要反映缺灌对心肌的损伤。第Ⅱ峰出现于再灌早期第180～240s之间,峰值较低。3组分别为(15.4±2.0)、(17.3±1.6)和(15.9±1.4)U/L。3组之间,除第Ⅰ峰峰值5min组与10min组、15min组差异显著外,其余各点均无显著差异。此外,统计了再灌期5 min内出现的心律失常,有室性早搏(PVC)和室速(VT)。PVC次数在上述3组中分别为187±17,217±10和244±14。VT所占时间在这3组中分别为(10±2)s,(22±3)s,(24±2)s。再灌期正常窦性节律时间(NSRT)分别为(214±SD29)s(SD为标准差),(196±SD24)s和(183±SD24)s。实验首次用小鼠离体心脏建立了一个以心肌LDH释放为指标的实验模型,为深入研究缺血再灌对心脏损伤及其防护提供了方便和新的可能性。     

大鼠离体心脏缺灌和再灌早期乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶的释放规律

用Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｅｆｆ法灌流雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠心脏，平衡１０ｍｉｎ，缺灌１０ｍｉｎ，于再灌３ｍｉｎ内每隔１５ｓｅｃ收集一次冠脉流份，连续检测冠脉流份中ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ以及ＧＯＴ的活性（Ｕ／Ｌ），比较它们释放的动态特征。结果表明，再灌３ｍｉｎ内，３种酶都呈双相释放。第１峰出现在再灌１５ｓｅｃ，酶活性为对照值的５一９倍，它主要反映缺灌损伤。再灌９０一１２０ｓｅｃ又出现第Ⅱ峰，主要代表再灌损伤。无论是再灌３ｍｉｎ内酶释放总量，还是第Ⅰ，第Ⅱ峰的峰值，依酶活性高低排列的次序都是ＣＫ＞ＬＤＨ＞ＧＯＴ。此外，在部分动物身上进行了反复两次缺灌再灌实验，结果发现，第二次缺灌后ＣＫ释放量明显高于第一次缺灌值。ＬＤＨ的Ⅰ峰和Ⅱ峰出现时间与第一次无差别，只是３分钟内酶释放总量高于第一次。说明在本实验条件下，未见预缺灌处理对随后再次缺灌有保护作用。缺灌期心率逐渐减慢，收缩力逐渐减弱，但多数标本仍有微弱的收缩。这使缺灌期冠脉流份的酶活测定成为可能。实验发现，早在缺灌１ｍｉｎ时心肌细胞释放的酶，其活性可达对照值的２倍（ｐ＜０．０５），至缺灌１０ｍｉｎ时ＣＫ和ＬＤＨ的值可达对照值的１０倍左右。这一现象进一步证实，再灌１５ｓｅｃ内大量酶的     

薰衣草花抗大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤作用

为观察传统维药薰衣草花对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤(I/R)是否具有保护作用,采用改良的Langendor-ff逆行恒压灌流方法,用停灌/复灌方法建立大鼠离体心脏全心I/R损伤模型,采用结扎左冠状动脉方法建立离体心脏局灶I/R模型。通过记录再灌注过程中左室发展压(LVDP)、左心室内压最大上升/下降速率(±dp/dtmax)、冠脉流量(CF)和心率(HR)观察薰衣草花水煎液(LAE)对全心缺血再灌注损伤心脏心功能的影响,测定冠脉流出液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和心肌肌酸激酶(CK)水平以及心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)水平;采用伊文斯蓝和TTC双染法观察薰衣草花水煎液对局灶性I/R损伤面积的影响。结果显示:与模型组相比,LAE预处理能减少心肌梗死面积,明显升高缺血再灌注损伤心脏的左室发展压(LVDP)、左心室内压上升最大速率(+dp/dtmax)和下降最大速率(-dp/dtmin),并增加冠脉流量(CF);降低冠脉流出液中与心肌组织损伤相关的LDH和CK水平;升高心肌组织SOD活性,抑制脂质过氧化物MDA的产生。由此可知,薰衣草花对心肌缺血再灌注损伤有一定保护作用,其作用可能与其改善缺血再灌注心肌组织氧化胁迫状态有关。     

针刺对缺血再灌心肌超微结构损伤的保护作用

家兔经戊巴比妥钠麻醉,开胸结扎冠脉左室支20min松结再灌5min后,缺血区心肌细胞超微结构呈现明显损伤:细胞水肿、线粒体嵴结构破坏基质中甚至出现无定形致密小体、肌原纤维排列紊乱乃至挛缩或断裂、细胞核染色质凝聚、细胞质糖元颗粒减少或消失等。心内膜下层细胞超微结构损伤程度较心外膜下层严重。缺血和再灌期于“内关”相应部位施加电针治疗的动物,其心肌细胞超微结构损伤明显减轻,表现为不出现细胞水肿或程度较轻、正常线粒体增多、肌原纤维挛缩或断裂减少,细胞核染色质解聚等。由于心外膜下层缺血区超微结构损伤较轻,电针的这种保护作用更为明显。     

雪灵芝对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

观察雪灵芝对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.将Wister大鼠30只分为5组,喂养1周,其中3组每天定时分别灌喂1 mL高、中、低不同浓度的雪灵芝溶液,对照组每天定时灌喂1 mL生理盐水.第8天给大鼠做颈总动脉结扎手术.夹闭颈总动脉前分别灌喂不同浓度的雪灵芝溶液.1 h后麻醉大鼠,夹闭大鼠颈总动脉30 min,再灌注120 min,造成大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,断头取脑并测定大鼠脑组织中的相关生化指标.结果显示:脑组织中,丙二醛(MDA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、一氧化氮(NO)较对照组明显增高,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)较对照组降低.雪灵芝能降低脑组织中MDA、LDH、NO含量.获得了雪灵芝可能通过抗自由基和减轻NO介导的神经毒性来发挥对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用的结论.     

大鼠离体心脏缺灌和再灌早期乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激…

用Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｅｆｆ法灌流雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠心脏，平衡１０ｍｉｎ，于再灌３ｍｉｎ内每隔１５ｓｅｃ收集一次冠脉流份，连续检测冠脉流份中ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ以及ＧＯＴ的活性（Ｕ／Ｌ），比较它们释放的动态特征。结果表明，再灌３ｍｉｎ内，３种酶都呈双相释放。第１峰出现在再灌１５ｓｅｃ，酶活性为对照值的５－９倍，它主要反映缺灌损伤，再灌９０－１２０ｓｅｃ又出现第Ⅱ峰，主要代表再灌损伤。无论是再灌３ｍｉｎ内酶释     

针刺对缺血再灌损伤心肌细胞动作电位异常的保护作用

本实验用细胞电生理学方法,在家兔心脏研究了电针对缺血再灌损伤后心肌细胞动作电位异常的改善作用。家兔经戊巴比妥麻醉,开胸结扎冠脉左室支20min松结再灌5min后,缺血区心肌动作电位呈现异常。静息电位、动作电位振幅、O相最大速度、动作电位时程发生不同程度下降或缩短。有一定数量的心室肌细胞甚至呈现慢反应电位。电针治疗组缺血区细胞动作电位异常明显恢复,表现为接近正常动作电位波形的细胞数占探测细胞总数百分率显著增加(P<0.01),未电针组为13.6％,电针组为35.6％。此外,在电针组心肌标本缺血区还探测到15.6％的超常型动作电位,其振幅和O相最大速度均超过正常动作电位。在未电针组心肌标本缺血区未发现此种细胞。     

预处理对大鼠急性肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨预处理对缺血再灌注损伤肝的保护机制.方法将Wister大鼠随机分为3组,即对照组、缺血再灌注组和预处理组,复制肝缺血再灌注损伤的动物模型,预处理组反复3次缺血5 min再灌注5 min后再缺血45min,再灌注2 h,对大鼠血浆中一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)进行检测,同时观察对肝细胞形态学改变的影响.结果预处理组血浆中NO水平明显高于缺血再灌注组,但低于正常对照组,P＜0 05,SOD水平亦高于缺血再灌注组,而MDA水平显著低于缺血再灌注组,P＜0.05.结论预处理可通过提高体内NO和SOD水平降低体内自由基的产生而减轻肝损伤.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.