大型电厂2×1000MW机组间接空冷系统环境风影响分析

间接空冷系统作为一种有效的节水型火力发电冷却技术、是我国西北等缺水地区新建采用的主要电厂冷却系统形式之一.间接空冷系统在环境风特别是高温大风条件下的散热能力及变化规律值得深入研究.利用计算流体力学方法,对一个2×1 000MW大型电厂间接空冷系统实例进行了计算.通过对空冷塔及周围速度场温度等流场细节的分析,从经济型和安全性两个方面分析了系统散热能力的变化规律.结果表明,小风条件下间接空冷系统散热能力较好,背压波动幅度很小;大风条件下散热能力迅速恶化,高温大风条件下机组难以满发.     

直接空冷系统汽轮机运行背压的一种计算方法

直接空冷技术已经广泛应用在缺水地区的火电厂中,但环境风对空气冷凝器的安全稳定运行有很大影响。设计人员需要对空冷系统进行数值模拟,了解风场对空冷系统换热性能的影响程度。目前常规的空冷电厂数值模拟方法和工程计算软件只能给出空冷换热器的换热效率,无法直接计算出在环境风作用下的汽轮机运行背压。采用汽轮机乏汽管道内部流动换热与空冷系统所处风场的内外流场耦合计算方法,能够直接计算出各种环境条件下汽轮机的运行背压,并以某大型空冷电厂为实例进行了数值模拟验证。     

直接空冷机组冬季防冻技术研究

分析了直接空冷机组冬季冻结的主要原因,结合山西部分电厂运行经验与现场试验,从直接空冷系统运行方面提出了若干防冻建议,指出通过在直接空冷散热器表面加装温度测点及空冷百叶窗装置,采用红外成像仪对空冷机组表面进行温度监测,可有效防冻,确保机组的经济运行。     

浅谈直接空冷机组设计背压的选择

直接空冷机组背压的选择是直接空冷机组设计的重要技术问题之一。直接空冷电厂空冷机组设计背压选择,是低是高,不可一概而论。必须充分考虑影响运行背压的多种变化因素,要根据市场经济的要求在空冷系统ITD优化计算时,充分论证煤价的影响,并进行技术、经济比较。以便恰当掌握各种余度,确保空冷机组既安全可靠、经济合理。     

空冷平台提升换热效率装置的监测实验研究

电厂空冷机组的换热效率极易受所处环境风的影响,在其空冷平台下设置智能提升换热效率装置,将空冷平台下方全封闭,通过智能控制系统传感器识别环境风速、风向,根据程序计算由计算机通过执行机构自动完成对风障叶片单元模块的开启,最大限度满足轴流风机进风量,保证热量交换效率。监测加装空冷平台提升换热效率装置对空冷平台换热效率的影响,结果表明在大风条件下,汽轮机运行背压显著降低,稳定在正常背压,在小风条件下,改善了空冷平台周围的流场,背压稍有降低。所得结论空冷平台提升换热效率装置在不同风向下使机组风机平均流量差异不超过设计限额,使风机入口平均温度降低,降低背压,进而使冷凝器换热效率提升,提高发电量及发电的安全性,同时节能减排,大大减少电厂的煤炭消耗,为改善环境风工况下空冷平台性能提高及防风设计提供参考。     

机械通风间冷塔在电厂中的应用

本文以山西新建某2×330MW煤矸石电厂为例,就机械通风间冷塔系统设计特点、运行可靠性进行简单的分析介绍。结果表明在主机采用直接空冷火力发电厂,给水泵汽轮机采用机械通风间冷塔在技术上是可行的,为我国以后主机采用直接空冷发电厂,给水泵汽轮机冷却方式的选择上提供了一条新的选择路径。     

变频装置在电厂直接空冷系统中的应用

介绍了电厂直接空冷系统的原理及组成,阐述了直接空冷系统变频控制功能、设计选型要求、功能实现、应用实例及前景展望等.     

浅谈给水泵误动作切换时引起空冷风机跳闸的防范措施

变频器在电厂生产中起着举足轻重的作用,对于电厂来说空冷凝汽器系统空冷风机的变频器运行状况直接影响着机级的安全性、经济性.通过对几次空冷变频器大面积跳闸的原因进行分析总结,制定并采取了以下防范措施,有效的避免了空冷系统大面积停运恶性事件的发生.使得变频器有效利用率提高,同时也大大提高机组的安全性与经济性.     

大型直接空冷机组设计选型探讨

将不同类型的600MW等级大型的直接空冷机组的设计参数和实际运行的情况进行比较分析,从中总结出直接空冷机组的系统总容量和抗干扰能力进行选择的建议,分析了电厂的空冷机组设计和选型的方法,为电厂选型和设计的招标提供借鉴。     

600MW直接空机组主要技术经济指标分析

直接空冷是空冷技术的发展方向,分析直接空冷机组主要技术经济指标并进行节能降耗研究对提高直接空冷机组运行经济性具有重要意义。以内蒙古某发电有限公司600MW等级直接空冷机组为例,对供电煤耗率、厂用电率、汽轮机热耗、真空度、节水量等5个方面的指标进行了分析,初步指出了影响以上技术经济指标的因素,并结合直接空冷系统的特点提出了初步的防治措施,对提高直接空冷机组运行经济性有一定的指导作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.