岩溶地区长大隧道综合立体式超前地质预报技术研究

隧道施工中对隧道掌子面前方一定范围内的地质情况进行超前探测和预测预报是保证隧道施工安全的金子山隧道岩溶富水区施工中,引进了TSP203隧道地质超前预报系统、地质雷达、红外线测水仪等先进仪器进行多途径超前地质预报.针对当前物理探测存在的多解性的特点,在施工实践中逐渐形成了以中长超前物探和超前水平地质钻探验证为主,辅以短距离地质素描超前分析和施工前超长炮孔加密确认的"多阶段、多手段、多层次"的"综合立体式超前预报技术".以此技术为依托对强岩溶区富水隧道施工进行超前地质预测、预报,成功地穿越了金子山隧道进口工区岩溶富水带.     

超前地质预报在某岩溶隧道中的探测结果分析

隧道超前地质预报是隧道施工的一道重要工序,也是保证隧道施工安全、防灾减灾的一个重要手段。TSP203超前地质预报系统是隧道超前地质预报的先进设备,结合工程实例,分析了TSP203在岩溶隧道中的探测结果,并给出了施工的建议。     

云桂铁路营盘山隧道溶洞综合勘察与评价

云桂铁路营盘山隧道工程地质条件复杂，施工期间在DK396+635揭示一大型溶洞.通过采用地质调查测绘、钻探、物探、综合分析等手段综合勘察，查明了溶洞的特征、性质及水文地质条件.该溶洞规模大，性质复杂，对隧道工程影响大.采取了回填、注浆加固、排水的综合处理措施，经运营检验，效果良好.研究印证了岩溶地区铁路选线的基本思路和工作方法，反映出超前地质预报工作在岩溶隧道施工中的重要作用.     

高风险岩溶隧道灾害地质体预报技术与应用

川东南地区岩溶地质发育广泛,岩溶灾害地质体是隧道施工过程中遇到的主要地质灾害之一。为确保隧道施工安全,按期完工。通过综合超前地质预报技术对掌子面前方的地质异常体进行科学预测。结合工程实际,通过地质雷达和TSP在叙大铁路所经岩溶地区的仙人洞隧道预报工作中的应用进行探讨,其方法思路和解译成果对在岩溶地区的相似工程中可进行类比,具有一定的借鉴意义。     

宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道高压富水岩溶治理技术

岩溶灾害严重危及隧道施工的安全,影响施工的进度,是目前国内外隧道建设面临的重点和难点问题。首先对马鹿箐隧道历次涌突水特征进行了分析,主要阐述了超前地质预报技术、水文观测、反坡追排水清淤技术和泄水释能工法等技术在+978溶腔的岩溶水处治中的应用,最后对溶腔揭示后隧道跨越溶腔段的工程处治措施进行了详细介绍。马鹿箐岩溶隧道成功的施工经验,为今后类似隧道工程中大体量高压富水隐伏岩溶问题的处理提供参考和借鉴。     

岩溶隧道地质超前预报及整治施工

主要对岩溶地区一座隧道的超前地质工作预报方法、揭示的溶洞情况和溶洞的治理措施做了分析，指出岩溶地区隧道地质超前预测预报工作要视具体情况采用综合的预测预报方法。     

TSP203plus在岩溶隧道超前地质预报中的应用研究

岩溶地区隧道施工开挖过程中,常遇到溶洞、暗河、塌方、涌水等不良地质情况,为确保岩溶隧道施工安全,需对其进行超前地质预报.基于TSP203plus多次对贵州省在建高速公路某岩溶隧道的超前预报,结合勘察资料及现场实际溶洞揭露情况,总结出TSP系统在岩溶隧道的判识规律,并验证了其可行性.     

超前地质预报在大相岭隧道施工中的应用

深埋长大隧道工程地质条件复杂多变,盲目施工易造成突水、突泥和塌方等安全事故.超前地质预报技术作为隧道勘察结果的进一步详实,在隧道施工减灾、防灾方面发挥着重要的作用.以大相岭隧道为工程背景,针对该隧道复杂的地质条件,采用TGP206超前地质预系统及宏观微观相结合的预报分析方法,可以有效的提高对不良地质体的预报效果,通过预报结果与实际揭露的对比分析,其预测精度达到95%以上,有效地指导了隧道的安全施工,为同类工程提供技术资料和经验借鉴.     

公路隧道综合超前地质预报技术及应用

针对公路隧道超前地质预报中单一超前预报方法精度不足的问题,对比当前主要超前地质预报方法的特点与局限性,提出地质分析技术与物探技术相结合、洞内外相结合、长短距离预报相结合,以及多种物性参数互补的综合超前地质预报实施方案;以某高速公路隧道超前地质预报工程为例,阐述基于地质调查法、掌子面地质素描法、地震波反射法、地质雷达法的综合超前地质预报技术体系,预报掌子面前方节理裂隙水发育区域,及时、有效避免隧道岩溶突水、突泥等地质灾害的发生。结果表明,该综合超前地质预报技术能充分发挥各种预报方法的优势并相互验证,极大地提高公路隧道施工不良地质超前预报精度。     

地质雷达在贵州岩溶隧道超前地质预报中的应用

以贵州省某高速公路岩溶隧道超前地质预报应用为实例,介绍了地质雷达在岩溶隧道超前地质预报的方法,通过雷达软件数据处理,预报前方溶洞的大小和规模,降低隧道施工风险,确保隧道顺利掘进和正常施工.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~