ZnO 空穴缓冲层对OLED 性能的影响

本文利用无机材料ZnO作为空穴缓冲层,制备了结构为ITO/ZnO/NPB/Alq3/Al的有机电致发光器件。用计算机控制的KEITHLEY2400-PR655系统测量器件的电压-电流-亮度特性。研究结果表明,当ZnO薄膜的厚度为2 nm时,器件的电流效率可达1.65 cd/A,最大亮度为3 449 cd/m2;而没有加入缓冲层的同类器件,最大亮度仅为869.7 cd/m2,最大电流效率为0.46 cd/A。由此可以看出,加入ZnO空穴缓冲层后,最大亮度提高3.97倍,最大电流效率提高3.59倍。分析认为适当厚度的ZnO薄膜降低了发光层空穴的浓度,提高了电子和空穴的复合率,从而降低了电流密度,提高了器件的电流效率,改善了器件性能。     

利用双空穴注入层提高顶发射有机电致发光器件的性能

以铝（Al）为阴极和阳极制备了顶发射有机发光器件。与单独使用三氧化钼（M000或富勒烯（C60）作为空穴注入层相比,利用MoO3/C60双空穴注入层能显著提高器件的性能。表明在Al／MoO3/C60界面处存在较强的偶极作用,极大地降低空穴注入势垒,提高器件性能。     

MoO3掺杂有机半导体NPB光电性质研究

在典型有机空穴传输材料胺类衍生物NPB(N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl) (1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'diamine)中引入过渡金属氧化物MoO₃制备了只有空穴传输的单载流子器件.结果表明:MoO₃的引入明显提升了NPB的导电性能,在约2.0 V的外加电压下,100 nm厚纯NPB薄膜电流密度仅为1.28 mA/cm²,而同样厚度的掺杂薄膜NPB∶MoO₃ (50 wt.%)电流密度达到了2 530 mA/cm².同样掺杂比例的NPB∶MoO₃薄膜吸收谱显示位于500 nm附近存在既不同于NPB也不同于MoO₃的额外吸收峰,表明体系中产生了电荷转移复合物NPB^＋-MoO^-₃,从而产生了额外的空穴载流子,进而提升了掺杂体系的导电性能.进一步的荧光分析表明,MoO₃的引入对NPB自身荧光具有明显的猝灭作用.NPB∶MoO₃(30 wt.%)薄膜的荧光强度比纯NPB薄膜荧光强度降低了2个数量级,NPB∶MoO₃ (50 wt.%)掺杂薄膜的荧光强度降低为零.     

有效阴极结构和空穴缓冲层的有机电致发光器件

在有机电致发光器件的电子传输层与注入层之间,以m-MTDATA作为HIL,使用三氧化钼(MoO3)插入超薄层LiF-Al-Alq3,有效促进电子注入;然后,从热动力学引发化学反应,生成n型Alq3掺杂物和促进电子注入的角度进行解释.用MoO3作为空穴注入缓冲层,插入到空穴注入层与传输层之间,利用其最高被占用分子轨道适合作缓冲层的特点,提高空穴注入能力.改善载流子注入后,电流效率、功率效率及亮度分别提高了64%,101%和63%,电压下降26%.     

高效率与高色纯度的顶发射红光器件的研制

以4,4′,4″-三(N-3-甲基苯基-N-苯基氨基)三苯胺(m-MTDATA)为空穴注入层,N,N′-二-(1-萘基)-N,N′-二苯基-1,1′-联苯-4,4′-二胺(NPB)为空穴传输层,4-二氰甲烯基-2-叔丁基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基久洛尼定-4-乙烯基)-4H-吡喃(DCJTB)为掺杂小分子染料,三(8-羟基喹啉)铝(Alq3)为电子传输层,采用经紫外臭氧氧化处理的银作为阳极,LiF/Al/Ag为超薄复合阴极制备微腔顶发射红光器件.通过光学模拟,研究光输出耦合层对器件发光光谱的影响.结果表明:当采用60nm的Alq3为光输出耦合层时,在不牺牲器件效率的前提下,器件的光谱角度特性得到极大的改善.     

输运层厚度与迁移率对双层有机发光器件性能的影响

基于一些合理假设与近似,建立了具有欧姆接触载流子注入的双层有机电致发光器件的解析模型．模型中计算参数只有空穴和电子输运层的厚度、迁移率、外加电压及材料参数Fh和Fe,且这些参数都是可以通过测量得到的．研究了材料参数Fh,Fe对器件复合电流密度的影响及空穴输运层厚度和载流子迁移率对器件电场强度和复合电流密度的影响．结果表明：空穴输运层厚度和载流子迁移率引起电场强度的重新分布,进而对复合电流密度产生影响;接触限制电极注入少数载流子的器件可以取得比欧姆接触注入多数载流子的器件更高的复合电流．     

新型并三苯有机薄膜晶体管

以环氧树脂(Eproxyresin)为栅绝缘层材料,并三苯(Anthracene)为有机半导体载流子传输层,分别利用旋涂及真空掩蔽蒸发,在以铜为栅极的基底之上成功研制了有机薄膜场效应晶体管(OTFT),经测试得出器件的电子迁移率为2.34×10-2 cm2/(V·s),跨导为0.49 μs.     

光电器件中有机半导体薄膜的光学和电学性质研究

采用真空热蒸发制备了 AlQ， BAlQ 和 NPB 有机半导体薄膜样品， 探讨了薄膜的透射、吸收和光学性质．制备了有机薄膜样品的夹心结构器件，研究了其电流-电压特性．结果表明: 有机薄膜的透明性能良好， AlQ 和 BAlQ 具有几乎相同的直接光学能隙(4.46 eV) ，大于 NPB 的能隙值(3.11 eV) ． AlQ， BAlQ 和 NPB 内部自由载流子浓度具有相同的数量级(10²² m^-3) ，但NPB 具有最高的零电场迁移率(1.75×10^-8 cm·V^-1·s^-1) 和电导率(1.45×10^-10 S·cm^-1)     

MoOx膜中O含量对绿光OLED器件性能的影响

文章为提高以MoO,作缓冲层的绿光电致发光器的空穴注入效率,分别对该缓冲层进行紫外光处理和等离子体处理,研究处理前后其O含量的变化及对器件空穴注入能力的影响.实验结果表明,MoO,蒸镀成膜后变为MoOx,其经紫外光处理后,O含量增多,相应的器件空穴注入能力减弱;而经等离子体处理的MoOx膜,其O含量减少,器件性能提高,最高亮度和电流效率分别达到24000 cd/m2、4.23 cd/A.我们认为该器件的性能与MoOx中O的含量有很大关系,当O含量减少时,造成了更多的氧缺位,降低了MoOx的功函数,提高了器件的空穴注入能力.     

硫离子注入制备N.GaAs薄层

本文讨论了用S~ 注入掺铬的半绝缘GaAs衬底以制备N—GaAs薄层。目的是代替微波低噪声砷化镓肖特基势垒场效应管(SBFET)所需要的GaAs薄外延层。注入条件:能量100Kev,剂量1.5×10~(13)/cm~2,退火温度为825℃,退火时间15分钟。已经做出0.2～0.3μm厚的N型薄层,平均载流子浓度为5×10~(16)～1×10~(17)/cm~3。。载流子迁移率在2600～3400cm~2/V.S的范围。薄层厚度和载流子浓度的均匀性是好的。采用双注入即注入S~ 之后,再注入P~ 可以改善注入层的电特性。利用S~ 注入制备的N—GaAs薄层,已制出SBFET,其跨导和夹断电压可与气相外延薄层制备的SBFET相比拟。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.