W-Gorenstein平坦维数

设W是包含所有内射模的模类.通过在任意结合环上引入模的覆盖W-Gorenstein平坦维数,刻画W-Gorenstein平坦模类的投射可解性,并证明了:对任意R-模M和任意正整数n,若模M的覆盖W-Gorenstein平坦维数为n,则存在R-模的正合列0→K→H→M→0,其中fd(K)=n-1,H是W-Gorenstein平坦模;W-Gorenstein平坦维数不超过覆盖W-Gorenstein平坦维数,且当覆盖W-Gorenstein平坦维数有限时,二者相等.     

复形的W-Gorenstein预覆盖

令W是R-模的自正交类.证明任意具有有限W-Gorenstein分解维数的R-复形X都有W-Gorenstein预覆盖f:G→X,且f是满的拟同构.作为应用,将Holm关于模的Gorenstein投射预覆盖的结论推广到了复形.     

Gorenstein平坦维数

设W是包含所有内射模的模类. 通过在任意结合环上引入模的覆盖W-Gorenstein平坦维数, 刻画W-Gorenstein平坦模类的投射可解性, 并证明了: 对任意R 模M和任意正整数n, 若模M的覆盖W-Gorenstein平坦维数为n, 则存在R 模的正合列0→K→H→M→0, 其中[WT]fd(K)=n-1, H是W-Gorenstein平坦模; W- Gorenstein平坦维数不超过覆盖W-Gorenstein平坦维数, 且当覆盖W-Gorenstein平坦维数有限时, 二者相等.     

n-强W-Gorenstein分次模

设R是分次环,n是正整数,W是一个分次R-模的自正交类.引入了n-强W-Gorenstein分次模的概念,给出了n-强W-Gorenstein分次模的一些等价刻画,讨论了n-强W-Gorenstein分次模和m-强W-Gorenstein分次模的关系.     

具有有限X-余分解维数的模的上同调性质

引入了左R-模M关于余可解模类X以及投射生成子W的上同调维数,给出了M的X-余分解维数有限的几种等价刻画,进而讨论了M的这两种维数之间的关系.研究了相对于有限W-余分解维数的模的稳定性以及相对于模类X的模的稳定性.     

G-内射模的直和与G-平坦模的直积问题

证明在Artin环上,G-内射模的直和是G-内射模,G-平坦模的直积是G-平坦模.进一步证明在Noether环R上,若每个R-模的G-内射维数有限,则G-内射模关于直和封闭;在凝聚环R上,若每个R-模的G-平坦维数有限,则G-平坦模关于直积封闭.     

环的整体强无挠维数与STH环

设R是任何环,D是右R-模.若对任何平坦维数有限的左R-模M,有TorR1(D,M)=0,则D称为强无挠模.利用模的强无挠维数和环的整体强无挠维数对环进行刻画,引入了st-VN正则环和STH环的概念.     

Y-Gorenstein余挠维数

设R是有单位元的结合环,Y是一个包含所有内射模的右R-模类.给出Y-Gorenstein余挠模的概念,它是余挠模和Gorenstein余挠模的一个推广.研究左R-模M的Y-Gorenstein余挠维数小于等于n的若干等价刻画,并讨论了左R-模短正合列0→U→V→W→0中各项的Y-Gorenstein余挠维数之间的关系.     

强无挠模和环的整体强无挠维数

设R是任何环,D是右R-模.若对任何平坦维数有限的左R-模M,有Tor_1~R(D,M)=0,则D称为强无挠模.强无挠模对Gorenstein环的研究发挥了重要的作用.为了对强无挠模作进一步刻画,首先证明(D_∞,F_∞)是Tor-挠理论当且仅当1.FFD(R)∞,其中,D_∞和F_∞分别表示强无挠右R-模类和平坦维数有限的左R-模类.还证明每一右R-模是强无挠模当且仅当1.FFD(R)=0.最后证明若1.FFD(R)∞,则1.FFD(R)=stf.dim(R),其中stf.dim(R)表示环R的(右)整体强无挠维数.     

F-Gorenstein平坦维数

用H(F)表示F-Gorenstein平坦左R-模类.在一般环上引入模的F-Gorenstein平坦维数,并给出F-Gorenstein平坦维数的一些等价刻画.作为应用,证明若每个模的F-Gorenstein平坦维数不超过1,则(H(F),H(F)⊥)是完备遗传的余挠对.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.