固相反应合成钙钛锆石和榍石

钙钛锆石(CaZrTi2O7)和榍石(CaTiSiO5)是人造岩石固化放射性废物理想的介质材料.以天然锆英石(ZrSiO4)、模拟放射性焚烧灰、CaCO3、TiO2为原料,借助失重-差热(TG-DTA)分析和X射线衍射(XRD)分析,研究了合成CaZrTi2O7和CaTiSiO5的固相反应.结果表明,随着模拟放射性焚烧灰掺量的增加,合成CaZrTi2O7和CaTiSiO5的温度降低,ZrSiO4的分解温度降低.模拟放射性焚烧灰掺量(质量分数)分别为20%、40%、60%,合成CaZrTi2O7的最低温度分别是1050 ℃、950 ℃、900 ℃,合成CaZrTi2O7的最低温度分别是950 ℃、950 ℃、900 ℃,合成CaZrTi2O7和CaTiSiO5的最佳合成温度分别为1260 ℃、1230 ℃、1200 ℃.     

掺纳米Al2O3的纳米8YSZ相变及电导率

掺8mol%Y2O3的纳米ZrO2粉体中加入0－5wt%纳米Al2O3，在1100℃、1200℃、1300℃不同温度下烧结2h，烧结样品在烧结温度达1200℃以上，掺1wt%以上的纳米Al2O3的四方相完全转变为立方相。初步探讨掺纳米Al2O3的8YSZ陶瓷烧结体相变机理及纳米Al2O3对8YSZ烧结体的晶参数和电导率影响。     

掺纳米MgO第二相对ZrO2(3Y)材料性能的影响

采用纳米ZrO2(3Y)粉和纳米MgO粉为原料，对掺MgO的ZrO2(3Y)在1100℃、1200℃、1300℃不同温度下进行常压烧结2h，实验结果表明，掺一定量的MgO有利于烧结体电导率的提高并对样品的烧结致密起促进作用。发现烧结样品在烧结温度1200℃和1300℃时，掺5wt％以上的纳米MgO时，四方相完全转变为立方相。探讨了掺纳米MgO对ZrO2(3Y)烧结体的致密度和电导率的影响。     

纳米Al2O3对纳米ZrO2(4Y)常压烧结致密特性及电性能影响

采用纳米ZrO2(4Y)粉和纳米Al2O3粉为原料,对掺少量Al2O3的ZrO2(4Y)陶瓷进行无比压烧结研究。实验结果表明,掺适量的Al2O3可提高致密度,降低烧结温度。掺1．0wt％纳米Al2O3在1200℃煅烧2小时的陶瓷致密度为99．0％,烧结体晶粒长大略减缓。在纳米ZrO2(4Y)中掺入少量的纳米Al2O3可降低电导活化能,提高电导率。     

掺镍对钛过量钛酸钡粉体及其陶瓷的结构及介电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法制备了Ti/Ba=1.02的掺镍钛酸钡纳米晶粉体及其陶瓷。通过XRD、SEM和TEM对掺镍钛酸钡基粉体及陶瓷进行表征,并测定了陶瓷的介电性能。结果表明:Ti/Ba=1.02的掺镍钛酸钡基粉体约40 nm,主要相组成为立方相钛酸钡,并有少量的碳酸钡,经烧结后全部转化为四方相钛酸钡。掺镍明显降低了钛酸钡基陶瓷的烧结温度(约降低100℃);随着掺镍量的增大,陶瓷粒径先增大后减小,掺镍量mol比为3.0%时陶瓷εm大(5 571),并且tanδ小(0.011);与Ti/Ba=1.00的掺镍钛酸钡陶瓷相比,钛过量掺镍钛酸钡陶瓷粒径细小,ε-T谱峰值降低。     

(Zr02)0.92(Gd203)0.08固体电解质的水热法合成及其燃料电池性能

用新制备的(Zr,Gd)(OH)x·yH2O共沉淀作前驱体,在强碱性介质中水热合成了立方相(ZrO2)0 92(Gd2O3)0 08纳米晶.(ZrO2)0 92(Gd2O3)0 08纳米晶在较低的温度(1450℃)下烧结,制得了致密的固体电解质陶瓷样品,与通常的高温固相合成方法相比,烧结温度降低了150℃以上.本文还测定了水热反应介质pH值分别为13,11,9的陶瓷样品800℃～1000℃下的燃料电池性能.结果表明,该系列样品的燃料电池匀具有稳定的放电性能,在这一系列中又以用水热反应介质pH=9的陶瓷样品组成的燃料电池的性能最高,在1000℃下,其短路电流密度为240mA·cm-2.     

Nd掺杂Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷的制备及其电性能

采用固相烧结法制备了Nd掺杂Bi4-xNdxTi3O12（％=0，0．25，0．5，0．75，1）层状铋系钙态矿无铅介电陶瓷。利用XRD、SEM和宽频IZR数字电桥测试手段研究了Nd掺量、烧结温度和保温时间对Bi4-xNdxTi3O12（BNT）陶瓷晶相、显微结构及介电性能的影响。研究表明，本实验中Nd的最佳质量掺量为0．75，最佳烧结温度为1050℃，保温时间为4h，BNT陶瓷具有良好的介电性能。     

掺镍钛酸钡纳米粉体及其陶瓷的溶胶-凝胶制备

目的研究焙烧温度和烧结温度对由溶胶-凝胶法制备的掺镍钛酸钡样品微结构及介电性能的影响。方法采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺镍钛酸钡粉体及其陶瓷,通过FT-IR,XRD,SEM和TEM对干凝胶粉体、预烧粉体以及陶瓷进行了表征,并测定陶瓷的介电性能。结果采用溶胶-凝胶法可制备纳米级(30~80 nm)掺镍钛酸钡粉体及其细晶陶瓷(1~3μm);较高的焙烧温度有利于四方相钛酸钡的形成和晶粒的长大,但降低了陶瓷的介电常数;较高的烧结温度有利于陶瓷居里点介电常数的提高,合适的焙烧温度及烧结温度分别为800℃和1 300℃。结论溶胶-凝胶法可制得组成均匀、性能优异的介电材料,是制备多组分掺杂钛酸钡陶瓷的理想方法。     

ZrO2-8mol%Dy2O3纳米晶的碱性水热法合成及其烧结体的电性能研究

以湿化学法制得Zr（OH）4和Dy（OH）3的共沉淀为前驱体，在碱性介质（pH=9．95～13．28）中用水热法合成了ZrO2-8mol％ Dy2O3立方相纳米晶．研究发现，纳米晶粒径随着反应介质pH值的增大而增大．将该纳米晶在较低温度（1400℃）下烧结制得了致密的陶瓷样品，比通常高温固相反应法采用的烧结温度（〉1550℃）降低了150℃以上．本研究还测定了陶瓷样品600℃～1000℃下的氧浓差电池电动势及氧泵（氧的电化学透过装置）性能．结果表明，陶瓷样品在高于900℃时的氧离子迁移数为1，具有优良的氧离子导电性能．     

等离子分解锆英石制备ZrO2-SiO2-Al2O3系复相陶瓷

等离子分解锆英石(PDZ,plasmicalldecomposedZrO2)与Al2O3注浆成型反应烧结制备ZrO2SiO2Al2O3系复相陶瓷,与用锆英粉和Al2O3制备的该系复相陶瓷进行对比。采用XRD、OM、SEM等手段研究烧成后材料的物相组成、显微结构及物理性能。结果表明:ZrSiO4的分解先于莫来石形成;由PDZ制得的制品性能优于锆英粉制得的制品;n(Al2O3)/n(PDZ)=3/1、1540～1580℃为合适的原料配方和烧成温度范围     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.