预测地铁施工中地表变形的动态系统方法

提出了基于自回归（AR）模型对时间序列统一建模的新观点和方法,可大大减少计算量,并在微机上编程实现,以实例对动态模型与静态模型分别作了应用比较,结果表明,时间序列分析动态模型是系统分析的重要方法,是统计预测中的高级预测方法,预测精度高,用途广泛,而静态模型适合于内插,不适合于外推预报。     

建筑物沉降的时间序列分析与预报

首先对建筑物沉降数据序列进行了平稳化处理,然后研究了平稳化序列的建模和预报方法,最后结合建筑物沉降监测的具体实例进行了时间序列的分析与预报.结果表明:将时间序列分析方法应用于建筑物沉降监测,具有建模容易、计算简单、预报快速的特点;时间序列分析方法对建筑物沉降具有较高的模型拟合及预报精度,尤其是短期预报,效果更佳;应尽量避免使用时间序列进行中长期预报,要根据实测数据对所建模型进行实时更新.     

时序模型理论与建筑物变形规律分析

提出了利用动态的时间序列对建筑物变形的观测数据进行处理与研究的模型和算法,基于各期观测数据之间的相关性建立时间序列模型,对变形体进行实时动态的变形预报。并结合一组实例数据建立了MA模型进行分析和预测,将预测结果与实际数据相比较,发现能够取得较好的拟合效果与精度。结果表明:在合理的预测步数内,MA模型能够客观的指导和评价目标建筑物的质量状况,正确反映其变形规律和发展趋势,具有一定的实用价值。     

高阶常微分方程的动态演化建模

提出了采用高阶常微分方程模型代替传统时序分析中所用的ＡＲＭＡ模型来实现一维时间序列的建模和预报。设计的将遗传程序设计与遗传算法相嵌套的动态演化建模算法,用遗传程序设计优化模型结构,以遗传算法优化模型参数,边收集数据边建模边预报,首次成功地实现了时间序列实时预报的程序自动化,两个时间序列的应用实例表明：采用此算法可获得较好的实时预报效果。     

基于通用钟差模型的北斗卫星钟预报精度分析

卫星钟差参数的预报精度直接影响卫星导航系统的服务性能.影响卫星钟预报精度的因素有很多,其中钟差序列的建模质量是一个很重要的影响因子,只有最能反映星载原子钟自身物理特性和运行状态的模型才能获得更高的卫星钟预报精度.本文分析了北斗系统钟差序列的特性,提出了一种通用的钟差模型,该模型同时包含线性项、周期项和随机项,并且利用了AR模型对随机项进行建模,给出了周期项和AR模型参数的确定方法,该模型还能够根据实际星载钟特性进行退化与扩展.本文还给出了基于该模型的卫星钟预报方法,最后利用北斗实测数据进行了卫星钟预报精度分析试验,试验结果表明:所提出的通用模型能够最大限度地拟合钟差序列,从而大大提高卫星钟的预报精度,特别是针对一些稳定度较差的星载钟,实现了6 h预报精度2 ns,12 h预报精度5.5 ns.     

精密内圆磨削过程建模与质量控制系统

根据建模速度及预报精度,重点分析了内圆磨削过程的时间序列AR(n)模型、离散勒让德多项式L(m,n)模型和用灰色系统理论对内圆磨削过程建模的可能性.计算机的模拟结果证明:AR(n)模型、L(m,n)模型和灰色模型GM(1,1)均可适于内圆磨削过程.在此基础上,设计了旨在提高轴承内圈加工质量和生产率的质量控制系统.     

基于神经网络与时空序列的混合模型在变形监测中的应用

在变形数据分析与建模中,同时考虑变形体测点之间的时间相关性以及空间相关性的时空序列模型(STARMA)能够更好地反映出变形体的形变规律,但STARMA模型是建立在线性平稳模型基础上的,且大多数观测数据序列是非平稳过程,这给时空序列模型的应用带来了局限性.由于BP神经网络具有很强的非线性映射能力,基于此,结合这两种模型的特点,构造ANN+SRATMA混合模型来处理非平稳序列.通过对建筑物的沉降观测进行分析研究,结果表明了混合模型要优于单一模型,具有很好的实用性.     

AP（p）序列L1-预报的方法

本文讨论时间序列模型中AR(p)序列L1-预报的方法,给出预报公式,并讨论渐近均方预报误差估计.     

基于AR模型的多步自校正预报器及其应用

提出了基于AR模型的多步自校正预报器；简述了AR模型与ARMA模型的关系，避免了白噪声序列项麻烦，使得建模和参数估计的计算量大为减少；应用实例表明该方法的有效性．     

非线性灰色-时序组合模型在隧道变形监测中的应用研究

隧道变形监测时由于受外界因素或系统因素的干扰,所获得的观测数据往往会含有误差或粗差,必须在建模之前对观测数据进行预处理。选用格拉布斯准则对观测数据进行粗差检验,可以有效地避免粗差对模型预测精度的干扰进而提高模型的预测精度,且将灰色时序组合模型用于隧道变形监测分析预报中,并与单一的GM(1,1)模型和时间序列模型的预测精度作对比,结果表明:组合模型在隧道变形预测分析预报中有较高的精度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-