α-蒎烯加氢反应制蒎烷的工艺研究

对蒎烷合成过程所用的Raney镍催化剂的制备工艺条件进行了优化 ,考察了Raney镍催化α—蒎烯加氢制蒎烷过程中反应条件对顺式蒎烷选择性的影响 .进行了工业化试生产 ,当加氢压力为 0 .5 - 0 .8MPa ,温度为 10 0 - 140℃时 ,反应 5h ,蒎烷总得率 98%以上 ,顺式蒎烷选择性大于 95 %.     

蒎烷的合成

用硼化镍催化剂常压催化氢化α-蒎烯,生成的蒎烷产率高达95％;顺式蒎烷的选择性为97％,α-蒎烯的转化率为100％。     

FCC废催化剂负载镍催化松节油加氢性能研究

以提升管催化裂化(FCC)废催化剂为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备负载型镍催化剂,并对其进行催化加氢性能的研究.利用FYX-2G型永磁旋转搅拌反应釜在温度383 K、压力2 MPa和搅拌转速260r/min条件下,考察了催化剂对松节油加氢反应活性及选择性的影响,应用GC-MS和GC技术对反应产物进行分析鉴定.结果表明,加氢反应1.5h的反应产物主要组分有顺、反-蒎烷、对伞花烃和未反应完全的蒎烯,产物中蒎烷顺反比为19.2∶1;以焙烧前后的FCC废催化剂为载体负载镍催化松节油加氢反应的蒎烯转化率分别为95.9％和98.2％,蒎烷顺反比分别为21.4∶1和21.1∶1;而以新鲜FCC催化剂为载体负载镍催化松节油加氢的蒎烯转化率为60.3％,蒎烷顺反比为24.7∶1;催化剂适宜制备条件:FCC废催化剂经723 K焙烧后负载镍,负载量为20％,焙烧及氢气还原温度为723 K,时间为3h.     

金属离子交换Y分子筛催化2,3-环氧蒎烷异构化制备龙脑烯醛

以金属离子交换分子筛为催化剂,催化2,3-环氧蒎烷异构化制备龙脑烯醛.研究结果表明,在80℃条件下,以甲基异丁基酮为溶剂,K＋交换Y分子筛（K-Y）在催化2,3-环氧蒎烷异构化制备龙脑烯醛的反应中展现出优异的催化活性,并通过变换各种反应条件,探讨最佳催化反应条件.     

2,3-环氧蒎烷的合成

先以45 wt%的工业H2O2为原料,制备过氧乙酸,然后以过氧乙酸作为环氧化剂,研究反应温度、时间、酸接受体用量、过氧乙酸/α-蒎烯质量比等工艺条件对2,3-环氧蒎烷含量的影响。研究结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下,反应收率可达到89.35%。     

蒎烷—2,3—二醇的制备及其重排反应研究

本文研究了顺式和反式蒎烷-2,3-二醇的制备,研究了它们在酸性条件下的重排反应。并得到了一个从2-羟基蒎-3-酮高产率地制备顺式蒎烷-2,3-二醇的方法。     

α-蒎烯高选择性环氧化合成2,3-环氧蒎烷的研究

笔者以α-蒎烯为原料高选择性环氧化合成2,3-环氧蒎烷。探讨了过氧乙酸浓度及用量、碳酸钠用量、溶剂类型、反应温度及反应时间等对α-蒎烯转化率、2,3-环氧蒎烷选择性及产物组成的影响;确定了适宜的环氧化反应条件:反应温度为0～10℃;过氧乙酸浓度2.0 mol/L,α-蒎烯与过氧乙酸物质量之比为1∶1.1;α-蒎烯与碳酸钠物质量之比为1∶1.2;反应时间2 h;以氯仿为溶剂,溶剂用量为α-蒎烯与氯仿体积比1∶1.7。在此条件下α-蒎烯转化率为99%以上,2,3-环氧蒎烷的选择性大于95%,反应产物中主要杂质α-龙脑烯醛和3-蒎酮的含量仅为3.3%和1.2%左右。     

固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2催化α-蒎烯异构反应

研究了固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2催化剂的制备条件(硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度等)对其催化性能的影响.结果表明,催化剂的制备条件不同,对莰烯选择性和α-蒎烯转化率有较大影响.适宜的催化剂制备条件是 硫酸浓度0.5～1.0 mol/L,焙烧温度650 ℃.对所制备的SO2-4/ZrO2固体超强酸作为α-蒎烯异构反应的催化剂,以及对影响反应过程的主要因素进行探讨.优化的工艺条件为反应时间1～3 h,反应温度(130±2)℃,催化剂质量分数3%～4%.该条件下α-蒎烯转化率96.4%,莰烯选择性49.7%.此外,还分析了催化剂放置时间对异构产物的影响及催化剂重复使用情况.     

固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2催化α-蒎烯异构反应

研究了固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2催化剂的制备条件(硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度等)对其催化性能的影响.结果表明,催化剂的制备条件不同,对莰烯选择性和α-蒎烯转化率有较大影响.适宜的催化剂制备条件是: 硫酸浓度0.5～1.0 mol/L,焙烧温度650 ℃.对所制备的SO2-4/ZrO2固体超强酸作为α-蒎烯异构反应的催化剂,以及对影响反应过程的主要因素进行探讨.优化的工艺条件为:反应时间1～3 h,反应温度(130±2)℃,催化剂质量分数3%～4%.该条件下α-蒎烯转化率96.4%,莰烯选择性49.7%.此外,还分析了催化剂放置时间对异构产物的影响及催化剂重复使用情况.     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2催化α-蒎烯异构反应

<正>研究了固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2催化剂的制备条件(硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度等)对其催化性能的影响。结果表明,催化剂的制备条件不同,对莰烯选择性和α 蒎烯转化率有较大影响。适宜的催化剂制备条件是:硫酸浓度0.5～1.0mol/L,焙烧温度650℃。对所制备的SO2-4/ZrO2固体超强酸作为α 蒎烯异构反应的催化剂,以及对影响反应过程的主要因素进行探讨。优化的工艺条件为:反应时间1～3h,反应温度(130±2)℃,催化剂质量分数3%～4%。该条件下α 蒎烯转化率96.4%,莰烯选择性49.7%。此外,还分析了催化剂放置时间对异构产物的影响及催化剂重复使用情况。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with