Statistical method for mapping QTLs for complex traits based on two backcross populations

Most important agronomic and quality traits of crops are quantitative in nature.The genetic variations in such traits are usually controlled by sets of genes called quantitative trait loci (QTLs),and the interactions between QTLs and the environment.It is crucial to understand the genetic architecture of complex traits to design efficient strategies for plant breeding.In the present study,a new experimental design and the corresponding statistical method are presented for QTL mapping.The proposed mapping population is composed of double backcross populations derived from backcrossing both homozygous parents to DH (double haploid) or RI (recombinant inbreeding) lines separately.Such an immortal mapping population allows for across-environment replications,and can be used to estimate dominance effects,epistatic effects,and QTL-environment interactions,remedying the drawbacks of a single backcross population.In this method,the mixed linear model approach is used to estimate the positions of QTLs and their various effects including the QTL additive,dominance,and epistatic effects,and QTL-environment interaction effects (QE).Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed method and to assess the accuracy and efficiency of its estimations.The results showed that the proposed method could estimate the positions and the genetic effects of QTLs with high efficiency.     

Combination Method of Principal Component Analysis and Support Vector Machine for On-line Process Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis

IntroductionOn-line process monitoring and fault diagnosis are keyfactor to ensure product quality and operation safety .Inlastdecade research, the approach of fault detection anddiagnosis could be classified into three categories[1 ,2]:methods based on causal models , methods based onknowledge and methods based on multivariate statistics .Forthe model method ,it is difficult toidentify model parametersand esti mate model states , especially for complex chemicalprocess ; whereas for knowledge …     

多元回归分析在水污染评价中的应用

文章提出水质污染的多元回归分析方法,并以湟水流域１９９８年年平均水质污染指标为例,对其进行多元回归及逐步回归分析,实证分析的与其它方法所得结论一致,并收到较好的效果。     

Multivariate Statistical Process Monitoring Using Robust Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis

The principal component analysis （PCA） algorithm is widely applied in a diverse range of fields for performance assessment, fault detection, and diagnosis. However, in the presence of noise and gross errors, the nonlinear PCA （NLPCA） using autoassociative bottle-neck neural networks is so sensitive that the obtained model differs significantly from the underlying system. In this paper, a robust version of NLPCA is introduced by replacing the generally used error criterion mean squared error with a mean log squared error. This is followed by a concise analysis of the corresponding training method. A novel multivariate statistical process monitoring （MSPM） scheme incorporating the proposed robust NLPCA technique is then investigated and its efficiency is assessed through application to an industrial fluidized catalytic cracking plant. The results demonstrate that, compared with NLPCA, the proposed approach can effectively reduce the number of false alarms and is, hence, expected to better monitor real-world processes.     

基于spike-and-slab先验分布的贝叶斯变量选择方法

针对超高维数据,提出一种基于spike-and-slab先验分布的超高维线性回归模型的贝叶斯变量选择方法。该方法继承了弹性网方法和EM算法的优点,以较快的收敛速度来获得稀疏的预测模型。特别地,针对系数的spike-and-slab先验分布设置上,该方法允许系数从不同坐标借力、自动适应已知数据的稀疏信息以及进行多重调整。通过与常用方法的比较,证明了该方法的准确性和有效性。     

新型的融合优化算法及其在电力系统中的应用

提出了一种新型的融合优化算法,该算法结合了遗传算法(GA)的复制、交叉、变异操作以及粒子群优化算法(PSO)的个体速度和位置更新的原理,并将混沌的概念引入其中,它的性能要优于GA和PSO.在标准测试函数上进行了仿真比较,验证了新型算法的有效性.最后,这种新的融合优化算法被应用到了电力系统最优潮流的计算中,对IEEE-30系统进行仿真,并与遗传算法、标准PSO算法进行比较,结果表明新型的融合优化算法具有更好的优化性能.     

基于主动禁忌搜索的配电网无功电压优化控制

提出将主动禁忌搜索（RTS）算法用于配电网无功电压优化控制问题的求解．首先根据已知的负荷预测曲线，用一种启发式方法为RTS提供可行初始解．在利用RTS算法的求解过程中，使用了反馈机制，可自动调节禁忌表长度，结合逃逸策略，可以使搜索有效地跳出局部极小点，更好地找到最优解．通过算例验证了该算法的有效性．与传统的禁忌搜索（TS）算法、遗传算法（GA）以及模拟退火（SA）算法进行了比较，算例结果表明，RTS算法求得的解质量更高，求解速度更快，比GA和SA算法至少提高了一倍．     

雷达组网目标定位精度分析和评估

分析了影响多雷达组网对目标跟踪精度的因素以及与单雷达的差异，提出了定义雷达网目标定位精度，以及评估多雷达组网后在目标定位精度方面带来增益的方法。推导了雷达网对目标定位精度和相应评估指标的估计公式。该文方法不要大量的计算机仿真就可以方便地评估2-D、3-D以及混合雷达网的目标定位精度和效能。通过应用实例说明了该文方法的优点和有效性。     

考虑失效模式相关性的机械系统可靠性分析

考虑失效模式相关性对机械系统可靠性的影响,提出了一种基于FORM(first order reliability methods)近似的系统可靠性分析方法及其实施流程.采用FORM计算系统各失效模式的可靠度和灵敏度,在此基础上,获得用于衡量失效模式相关性的相关系数矩阵.将系统可靠性模型求解转化为多维正态积分计算,进而采用高效的近似方法获得系统可靠度.给出失效模式灵敏度和随机变量灵敏度的定义及其相应的计算方法.算例结果表明:该方法能够获得较为准确的系统可靠度,且具有较高的计算效率,能够有效识别关键失效模式和随机影响因素.     

基于EST-SSR标记鉴定猴耳环自由授粉的全同胞子代

【目的】猴耳环是重要的药用树种,具有较好的工业应用价值。利用EST-SSR标记对猴耳环自然群体1株母树的自由授粉子代进行父本鉴定,从而确定全同胞子代,为基于全同胞家系的后续研究提供材料基础。【方法】以自然群体中母树ELS31自由授粉产生的1 489株子代及该群体内挂果的38株候选父本为材料,利用15个EST-SSR标记检测子代多样性和标记多态性,基于最大似然法鉴定各子代的父本,母本父本均相同的子代即构成全同胞家系,并估算群体内花粉传播距离,检验各父本对应的全同胞家系的多样性,通过卡方检验判断标记是否合乎预期的孟德尔分离比。【结果】15个EST-SSR标记的引物(对)共扩增出89个等位片段。子代群体期望杂合度(H_e)为0.525,表明群体多样性为中等水平;基于自然群体18株无亲缘关系的单株估算的标记平均多态性信息量(PIC)为0.736,表明标记多态性高。在1 489株自由授粉的子代中,确定了857株子代(57.6%)的34株父本。子代数最多的10个父本产生的子代数为26~184株,其他24个父本仅共产生子代139株。未发现自交子代,表明猴耳环是异交物种,自交的可能性极低。对子代数量20株以上的10个父本对应的全同胞家系观测杂合度(H_o)为0.502~0.693,H_e为0.417~0.544,各家系均是H_o大于H_e,表明存在一定程度的杂合子过剩。花粉传播的范围为10.0~559.1 m,平均119.2 m,但主要传播距离在150 m以内。716株子代(83.5%)的父本(10株)与母树距离在150 m以内。距离最远的父本ELS01 (559.1 m)和ELS02 (552.2 m)分别仅产生了9和12株子代。15个标记在子代20株以上的部分或全部全同胞家系中均有不同程度的偏分离,平均每家系的偏分离标记数为8.6个;偏分离最严重的是标记ARCeSSR141,在父本ELS30的全同胞家系中卡方(χ²)值为164.55。【结论】基于15个EST-SSR标记鉴定了猴耳环自然群体1株母本的1 489株自由授粉子代的父本,获得了子代20株以上的10个父本的全同胞家系。这为后续遗传测定、遗传图谱构建和数量性状位点定位等研究提供了材料基础。     

Blind channel estimation through redundant linear precoding for OFDM systems

A novel approach of blind channel estimation through redundant linear precoding for orthogonal fre-quency-division multiplexing （OFDM） is proposed. A redundant linear frequency-domain preceder is ap-plied to each pair of blocks before they enter the OFDM system. With the aid of the introduced structure, the frequency-selective channel can be identified at the receiver through auto-correlation operations, sin-gular value decomposition （SVD） and scalar ambiguity resolution. The proposed blind channel estimation method has low computation complexity and requires no prior statistical information of channel or noise. The redundant linear frequency-domain precoder is employed to identify the frequency-selective fading channels. And the proposed blind channel estimation method has high spectral efficiency because it re-quires no training sequence. Computer simulations have proved that this proposed blind channel estima- tion method can identify the frequency-selective channels perfectly and have a good performance.     

基于混沌优化算法的车辆路径规划问题研究

考虑节点连通关系约束和路段通行能力差异的车辆路径规划（Vehicle Routing Problem,VRP）问题比传统的路径规划问题更为复杂,有效的求解算法一直是研究的关键问题。本文分析了该类VRP问题的数学模型,提出了一种针对该问题的混沌优化算法,介绍了具体的编码方法和实现算子。最后通过仿真实验,验证了所提算法的有效性。     

遗传算法在气体分离装置调优中的应用

提出了一种基于遗传算法和随机复合形法相结合的混合遗传算法，并以某厂气体分馏装置的生产过程的优化问题进行了测试，得出了优化操作条件。     

Blind channel estimation through redundant linear preceding for OFDM systems

A novel approach of blind channel estimation through redundant linear precoding for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is proposed. A redundant linear frequency- domain precoder is applied to each pair of blocks before they enter the OFDM system . With the aid of the introduced structure , the frequency-selective channel can be identified at the receiver through auto- correlation operations , singular value decomposition (SVD) and scalar ambiguity resolution. The proposed blind channel estimation method has low computation complexity and requires no prior statistical information of channel or noise . The redundant linear frequency-domain precoder is employed to identify the frequency- selective fading channels. And the proposed blind channel estimation method has high spectral efficiency because it requires no training sequence. Computer simulations have proved that this proposed blind channel estimation method can identify the frequency- selective channels perfectly and have a good performance.     

Strategy for the mapping of interactive genes using bulked segregant analysis method and Mapmaker/Exp software

A qualitative trait is usually controlled by a single gene, but it may be sometimes controlled by two or even more genes. This phenomenon is called gene interaction. Rapidly searching for linked mo- lecular markers via bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and then constructing regional linkage map with Mapmaker/Exp has become a common approach to mapping single major genes. However, methods and computer programs developed for mapping single major genes cannot be simply applied to interactive genes because the genetic patterns of gene interac- tions are quite different from that of single-gene in- heritance. Up to now, experimental methods for quickly screening molecular markers linked to inter- active genes and statistical methods and corre- sponding computer softwares for simultaneously analyzing the linkage relationships of multiple mo- lecular markers to an interactive gene have not been available. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a strategy for mapping interactive genes using BSA and Mapmaker/Exp. We demonstrate that all interactive genes can be mapped by the 'BSA Mapmaker/Exp' strategy using F2 generation (in a few cases, F3 generation is also needed). As BSA and Mapmaker/Exp have been broadly used in gene mapping studies and are well known by many re- searchers, the strategies proposed in this paper will be useful for practical researches.     

基于改进遗传算法的新产品投入计划

提出一种新产品投入计划的定量分析方法·该方法将所有产品分为4种具有不同收益曲线与参数的产品类型·每种类型产品的曲线参数由其经济特性确定·在产品收益量化描述的基础上,给出了一种利用0-1半无限规划(0-1SIP)制订新产品投入计划的数学模型方法,并用改进的遗传算法求解·最后,给出了一个计算例子,计算结果证明了算法的有效性·该研究具有较强的适用性,在进行充分市场预测的前提下,对企业制定新产品投入计划,具有很好的辅助作用·     

特征提取及数据扩充的GA-LightGBM半导体质量检测方法

半导体质量检测数据具有的“相关性、冗余性、不平衡性”等特点,导致传统的分类算法效率较低,为此,提出一种基于特征提取及数据扩充的GA-LightGBM(genetic algorithm-light gradient boosting machine)质量检测方法。通过结合主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、合成少数类过采样技术(synthetic minority oversampling technique,SMOTE)、遗传算法和LightGBM这4种方法,实现对产品质量的有效识别。实验结果表明,相较于传统分类算法,提出的方法可以有效提升质量检测的效率。     

林木多元性状数据QTL区间作图统计分析及其在杨树上的应用

【目的】传统的数量性状基因座(QTL)定位统计分析方法是针对自交系产生实验群体而建立的,不能直接应用到林木这种杂合度较高生长周期较长的异交物种中。针对林木多元性状数据,将传统的QTL区间作图方法应用到林木杂交F₁代作图群体中。【方法】考虑分子标记各种可能的分离比以及连锁相信息,建立林木多元性状数据QTL定位统计分析模型,并用R语言编写了相应的计算软件包mvqtlmap。在美洲黑杨和小叶杨杂交F₁代群体中,对2014年5月29日至9月24日期间调查的6个时间点树高数据进行了QTL定位分析。【结果】有4个QTL定位在母本美洲黑杨的遗传连锁图谱上,有6个QTL分布在父本小叶杨的遗传连锁图谱上,这些QTL分别位于第1、5、7、9、11和19号染色体上,平均解释0.8%～6.7%的表型方差。【结论】研究结果可为在林木上利用多个性状或多个时间点性状数据进行QTL定位提供统计分析方法及计算工具。所建立的程序包可在网站http://www.bioseqdata.com/mvqtlmap/mvqtlmap.htm上自由下载。