电子辐照NTD FZ Si等温退火特性

本文报导了关于高阻Ｎ型区熔ＮＴＤ－Ｓｉ－Ｐ＾＋Ｎ结二极管经电子辐照后的等温退火特性，获得５个缺陷能级：Ｅ１＝０．１６ｅＶ，Ｅ２＝０。．２７ｅＶ，Ｅ３＝０．３１ｅＶ，Ｅ４＝０．３７ｅＶ６和Ｅ５＝０．４２ｅＶ，结果表明Ｅ３和Ｒ４有比其它３个能极更好的热稳定性。     

硅二极管脉冲中子辐照效应的研究

对加固Ｐ＾＋ｎｎ＾＋高压整流二极管进行了脉冲中子辐照和热中子辐照。ＤＬＴＳ测量表明，脉冲中子辐照（Φｎ＝８．６×１０＾１３ｎ／ｃｍ＾２）在硅中引入的缺陷主要是双空位Ｅ４和Ｅ２缺陷，氧空位和双空位Ｅ２（Ｖ＾＝２）缺陷强度很低。氧空位密度的降低可归因于辐照缺陷的衰减和再构。脉冲中子辐照引起Ｆｒｅｎｋｅｌ对成份的增加，增加的空位密度致使复杂络合物，例如（Ｏ＋Ｖ２）或（Ｏ＋Ｖ３）缺陷的有效产生。实验结果还     

国产空间实用太阳电池抗质子辐射性能研究

研究了国产卫星用背场Ｓｉ太阳电池和ＧａＡｓ／Ｇｅ太阳电池性能随质子辐照注量１×１０９ －５ × １０１３ ｃｍ－２的变化．实验表明,２种太阳电池的电性能随辐照注量增加有不同的衰降趋势．背场 Ｓｉ太阳电池性能参数短路电流Ｉｓｃ和最大输出功率Ｐｍａｘ衰降变化快,辐照注量为２ × １０１０ｃｍ－２时, Ｐｍａｘ就已衰降为原值的７５％,而ＧａＡｓ／Ｇｅ太阳电池对应相同的衰降辐照注量达８×１０１１ｃｍ－２,且 Ｉｓｃ和Ｐｍａｘ衰降变化起初缓慢,当辐照注量接近３ × １０１２ ｃｍ－２时才迅速下降．背场Ｓｉ太阳电池性能 衰降与质子辐照引入的Ｅｖ＋０．１４ ｅＶ和Ｅｖ＋０．４３ ｅＶ深能级有关,而ＧａＡｓ／Ｇｅ太阳电池性能衰降 与辐照产生的Ｅｃ－０．４１ ｅＶ深能级有关．     

HEMT材料的电子辐射效应

用能量为１～１．８ＭｅＶ、注量为１０￣（１３）～１０￣（１０）／ｃｍ￣２的电子，对ＨＥＭＴ（高电子迁移率晶体管）材料进行辐照，得到了材料结构中的２维电子气（２ＤＥＧ）的电输运性质随辐照电子能量和注量的变化关系，井进行了讨论．还将该结果与电子辐照Ｐ－ＨＥＭＴ和ＬＴ－ＨＥＭＴ材料的结果进行了比较，对异质结界面的辐照效应进行了分析。     

10MeV电子辐照GaAs Raman谱的研究

研究了１０ＭｅＶ电子辐照掺ＳｅＧａＡｓ外延层和半绝缘（ＳＩ）ＧａＡｓ的Ｒａｍａｎ测量．观察了几个相关缺陷的特征,认为２２０ｃｍ－１峰与Ａｓｉ相联系,这至少部份和ＥＬ２及ＥＬ１２缺陷有关．对掺Ｓｅ样品的２０４ｃｍ－１和２５８ｃｍ－１峰,可能和小砷簇的振动模式有关．而７７ｃｍ－１和１８５ｃｍ－１峰则应是由无序活化Ｒａｍａｎ散射引起的．辐照结果显示,小砷簇和无序态随辐照剂量增加而增加．本文还将讨论其它的有关的Ｒａｍａｎ峰     

脉冲式XeCl激光辐照a－Si∶H膜诱导晶化的研究

当脉冲辐照ａ－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ膜的ＸｅＣｌ激光能量密度在２４０ｍＪ／ｃｍ￣２以上时，可引起被辐照膜发生明显的固相晶化；通过拉曼（Ｒａｍａｎ）散射谱、扫描电子显微照象（ＳＥＭ）和紫外（ＵＶ）分光光度吸收谱的实验，研究了不同辐照条件、不同膜厚及各种膜结构试样的晶化效果；还研究了使用ＣＯ＿２激光退火对被辐照膜的影响。结果表明，晶化膜的晶粒大小在０．１～１．０μｍ时，Ｒａｍａｎ位移为５１０ｃｍ￣（－１）～５１７ｃｍ￣（－１）、半峰高宽度为１０ｃｍ￣（－１）～１５ｃｍ￣（－１）；ａ－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ膜经ＸｅＣｌ激光辐照或ＣＯ＿２激光退火后，都会增强晶化膜的吸收效率。     

热处理对电子辐照硅中多稳态缺陷的影响

利用深能级瞬态谱（ＤＬＴＳ）对电子辐照区熔硅中多稳态缺陷进行研究的结果表明，经２ｈ１０００℃温度退火后，观测到在Ｅｃ－０．４４ｅＶ能级中的多稳组态由４０％减少到１０％左右。这一实验结果为稳态缺陷不是Ｐｓ－Ｃｉ结构，而是Ｅ中心自身在晶场应力下显示稳态特性的设相提供了有说服力的证明。     

脉冲式XeCl激光辐照a—Si：H膜诱导晶化的研究

当脉冲辐射ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ膜的ＸｅＣｌ激光能量密度在２４０ｍＪ／ｃｍ＾２以上时，可引起被辐照膜发生明显的固相晶化；通过拉曼（Ｒａｍａｎ）散射谱、扫描电子显微照象（ＳＥＭ）和紫外（ＵＶ）分光光度吸收谱的实验，研究了不同辐照条件、不同膜厚及各种膜结构试样的晶化效果；还研究了使用ＣＯ２激光退火对被辐照膜的影响。结果表明，晶化膜的晶粒大小在０．１～１．０μｍ时，Ｒａｍａｎ位移为５１０ｃｍ＾－１～５１７ｃｍ＾－     

电子和质子辐照Tc氧化物高温超导体的不同特性

用２００ＫｅＶ质子，４００ＫｅＶ和８ＭｅＶ电子分别辐照ＹＢａＣｕＯ高Ｔｃ超导材料，其影响是不同的．质子注入使零电阻温度从８６．７Ｋ提高到８９．８Ｋ，而剂量为２．２５×１０１４电子／ｃｍ２的８ＭｅＶ的电子辐照却使超导体的零电阴温度下降３Ｋ左右．当电子辐照剂量为１．３５×１０１５ｅ／ｃｍ２时，超导体变成绝缘体．用高分解电镜对４００ｋｅＶ的电子辐照分况进行实地在线研究，发现当剂量到１．０×１０２６ｅ－／ｃｍ２时，氧化物超导体中的品相出现非品化，而其原来为非品区域处处出现有序化．     

硅二极菅脉冲中子辐照效应的研究

对加固Ｐ＋ｎｎ＋高压整流二极营进行了脉冲中子辐照和热中子辐照。ＤＬＴＳ测量表明，脉冲中子辐照（Φｎ＝８．６×１０１３ｎ／ｃｍ２）在硅中引入的缺陷主要是双空位Ｅ４和Ｅ３缺陷，氧空位和双空位缺陷强度很低。氧空位密度的降低可归因于辐照缺陷的衰减和再构。脉冲中子辐照引起Ｆｒｅｎｋｅｌ对成份的增加，增加的空位密度致使复杂络合物，例如（Ｏ十Ｖ２）或（Ｏ十Ｖ３）缺陷的有效产生。实验结果还表明，该类器件具有良好的耐辐照特性。文中还对退火特性进行了讨论。退火使氧空位和双空位Ｅ２增加，这可能是Ｖ２Ｏ、Ｖ３Ｏ分解所致。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.