烧结方式对WCoB-TiC复相金属陶瓷微观组织及力学性能的影响

以WC、TiB2、Co、VC和Cr3C2粉末为原料,采用热压原位反应液相烧结和真空原位反应液相烧结技术,在1400℃烧结炉中制备WCoB-TiC复相金属陶瓷,利用SEM、XRD对两种烧结方式下制备的WCoB-TiC复相金属陶瓷进行表征,并分析其耐磨性和抗弯强度等性能。结果表明,与真空原位反应液相烧结方式相比,热压原位反应液相烧结方式能更好地促进WCoB-TiC复相金属陶瓷晶粒分布均匀且细化晶粒、降低材料的孔隙率,有效提高材料的耐磨性和抗弯强度,增强其力学性能。     

微波烧结制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷

从现阶段研究情况来看金属陶瓷刀具材料有着极为广泛的应用前景,硬度比硬质合金高,抗弯强度和断裂韧性比陶瓷刀具高,更适合加工淬硬钢与高强度钢。微米和纳米改性金属陶瓷刀具材料是陶瓷材料研究的重要领域。本文着重讨论如何用微波烧结技术制备超细Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,并重点研究烧结温度、保温时间和纳米粒子添加量等因素对材料组织与性能的影响规律。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷烧结性能及其组织的研究

研究了温度与碳含量对Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）基金属陶瓷烧结性能及组织的影响，研究结果表明：材料的抗弯强度对烧结温度最敏感，而密度、硬度、平均线收缩系数对烧结温度的敏感性依次递减；材料中碳粉含量增加时，会使其烧结温度明显降低，当添加量为２．２％时，金属陶瓷组织中会出现石墨相，使材料的抗弯强度下降．     

硬质覆层材料覆层厚度收缩规律试验研究

三元硼化物金属陶瓷硬质覆层材料是利用液相烧结技术在铜基体上涂覆金属陶瓷而制得的新型层状复合材料，在烧结过程中，覆层的厚度会发生收缩。对该材料在烧结过程中覆层厚度的收缩规律进行了试验研究；根据试验结果，对烧结前后覆层厚度之间的关系进行拟合分析；分析结果表明，最高烧结温度分别为1235℃、1240℃、1250℃时，二者之间的关系均很好地符合指数关系，进而得到了在合理烧结温度控制范围内烧结后覆层厚度随烧结前坯体厚度变化的经验公式。本文的研究结果对于三元硼化物金属陶瓷硬质覆层零件的制造具有实际意义。     

Ti（C,N）基金属陶瓷烧结性能及其组织的研究

研究了温度与碳含量对Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）基金属陶瓷烧结性能及组织的影响，研究结果表明：材料的抗弯强度对烧结温度最敏感，而密度、硬度、平均线收缩系数对焙烧温度的敏感性依次递减；材料中碳粉含量增加时，会使其烧结温度明显降低，当添加量为２．２％时，金属陶瓷组织中会出现石墨相，使材料的抗弯强度下降。     

Mo2 NiB2基金属陶瓷的制备与性能

采用单质硼粉、镍粉和钼粉结合反应硼化烧结法制备了Mo2 NiB2基金属陶瓷,研究了Mo2 NiB2基金属陶瓷在烧结过程中的物相转变和尺寸变化以及烧结温度和保温时间对其力学性能和显微组织的影响.结果发现：随着烧结温度升高,材料物相逐渐由单质相变为二元硼化物相和三元硼化物相,并且材料的尺寸先发生细微收缩,再在硼化反应过程中逐渐增加,最后在液相烧结过程中逐渐减小;随着烧结温度升高,Mo2 NiB2基金属陶瓷的抗弯强度和硬度先增加后减小,在1290℃达到最大,分别为1346.5 MPa和83.7 HRA,并且硬质相颗粒逐渐粗化;保温时间对材料性能的影响与烧结温度一致,但在保温30 min时抗弯强度最大(1453.3 MPa),保温60 min时硬度最大(83.7 HRA).     

烧结温度对细晶粒Ti(C,N)基陶瓷组织和性能的影响

采用真空烧结工艺制备超微、纳米复合Ti(C，N)基金属陶瓷．研究了烧结温度对超微、纳米复合Ti(C，N)基金属陶瓷的显微组织、性能的影响，并用SEM观察试样的断口形貌．结果表明，随着烧结温度的升高，陶瓷材料的显微组织逐渐变得均匀致密，晶粒长大不明显，环形相逐渐变得完整；当烧结温度超过1450℃，晶粒会明显长大，环形相变厚、变脆，导致材料的性能下降．进一步分析表明，超微和纳米复合Ti(C，N)基金属陶瓷的最佳烧结温度分别为1410℃、1450℃．     

碳化钨对截齿金属陶瓷涂层性能的影响

采用真空和惰性气体保护液固相烧结方式制备了金属陶瓷涂层,通过对涂层的微观组织分析、硬度测量和抗磨损性能实验,研究了碳化钨对金属陶瓷涂层硬度、耐磨性和致密度等物理和机械性能的影响。结果表明,机械球磨合金化状态下的WC粉末和Co、Ni、Fe、Cr、B、Si自熔性合金粉的混合粉末在真空和惰性气体保护下烧结后,形成梯度材料使截齿性能得到优化,粘结相硬度可达HV676.3,硬质相硬度达到HV1753.2。在工程和矿山用截齿的头部烧结金属陶瓷涂层,可显著提高齿体的耐磨性,使截齿的寿命提高2～3倍。     

添加剂对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的力学性能影响

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷作为一种新型的刀具材料,具有密度低、室温硬度和高温硬度高、化学稳定性和抗氧化性好、耐磨性好、更高的性价比等优点,性能优于传统刀具材料WC基硬质合金。通过加入不同添加剂可以改变Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷硬质相与包覆相之间的润湿性能,改善体系的烧结性、综合力学性能和机械的切削性能。该文介绍了不同添加剂对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的力学性能影响。     

纳米复合Ti(C,N)基陶瓷烧结晶粒长大的特性

利用材料热力学原理，推导出纳米复合Ti(C，N)基金属陶瓷烧结过程中，晶粒生长速度与大、小颗粒半径之间的关系，并结合实验结果进行了分析．结果表明：纳米复合金属陶瓷在烧结的开始阶段，大晶粒的长大速度呈加速趋势，当大晶粒长大到一定程度时，其长大速度达到最大值，随后，速度逐渐减慢．采用放电等离子烧结、脉冲烧结等方法有可能进一步减小小颗粒的半径．Mo、WC、TiN的加入，抑制了沉淀—析出过程的进行，对晶粒的长大有一定的抑制作用．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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