非线性光学晶体全面调查

本书是作者出版的第十本关于非线性光学晶体的著作。由于非线性发光晶体的发展趋势进展很快，本书介绍了很多最新研究成果，如四种常见非线性光学晶体和63种基于最新研究的非线性光学晶体，详细介绍了各种晶体的基本参数，并且讨论了各种非线性晶体的最新应用。     

不同化学配比钨酸铅晶体缺陷的研究

利用正电子湮没寿命谱（PAT）和X光电子能谱（XPS）的测试手段，对不同化学配比钨酸铅晶体中缺陷进行研究，结果表明丰W样品增加晶体中铅空位（VPb）浓度（物质的量比）、而丰Pb样品则少晶体中VPb浓度。这一结论对大尺寸钨酸铅晶体生长过程中关于温度梯度、生长速度和加温制度的有效选取具有一定的参考作用。并结合发射谱的测试，提出钨酸铅晶体中的绿发光很可能产生于由VPb引起的WO3＋O^-。     

物质的硬度与结构的关系

本介绍了硬度的概念，对离子晶体、原子晶体、金属晶体等固体的硬度与结构之间的关系进行了总结，指出了晶体的硬度由微粒间结合力的强弱即键能的大小来决定。     

高重复率倍频激光器色心调Q器件的研究

研究了色心调Ｑ ＹＡＧ倍频激光器总效率与晶体初始透过率及倍频效率之间的关系，找出了最佳的初始透过率；分析了色心调Ｑ晶体的热力学破坏情况及晶体内部的温度分布情况，在高重复率情况下建立了调Ｑ晶体的热物理模型；测量了不同透过率的晶体的输出能量和脉冲宽度，在散热与不散热状态下测量了晶体的温度场。结果表明，实验与理论相吻合。     

声子晶体中声子频率带隙与散射截面的关系

用平面波方法,研究了Pb圆柱体在环氧树脂基体中按周期性排列构成的声子晶体中弹性波频率带结构,同时计算了弹性波在这种二维周期性复合介质中的散射截面,阐述了声子频率带隙与散射截面的关系.     

AgBr晶体的能带结构

计算了ＡｇＢｒ晶体的能带结构，得出了带隙和价带宽度，表明ＡｇＢｒ晶体为非直接带隙物质。     

人工晶体材料的研究进展

本文主要对人工晶体材料中半导体晶体、激光晶体、非线性光学晶体、压电晶体和纳米晶体的概念、用途以及最新研究做了进一步的阐述,并总结了某些晶体的发展方向。     

高功率固体激光器晶体断裂的故障分析及防护

分析了近几年频繁发生的高功率固体激光器晶体断裂的故障原因，提出了增强激光器系统的整体抗干扰能力和谐振腔光路准直要求的解决措施，引起高功率固体激光器晶体断裂的主要原因是电源受到干扰产生瞬时连通现象，针对电源干扰设计了激光电源过电流保护电路。经实际应用证明，这些措施对高功率固体激光器晶体断裂故障能起到有效的防护作用，为固体激光器的可靠运行提供了保障。     

酞菁蓝生产中晶体形态及颗粒大小的控制

本文分析酞菁蓝晶体形态和颗粒大小与产品质量性能的关系，结合结晶理论和表面化学理论，提出了酞菁颜料合成时通过控制晶体的形成与成长，并在精制中控制晶体表面特性的方法，提高酞菁蓝的综合质量。     

琥珀酸十八酯晶体过饱和溶液的成核研究

研究了琥珀酸十八酯（ＯＳＯ）晶体过饱和溶液的成核过程，测量了以诱导期表示的成核速率，讨论了温度、过饱和度和溶剂对成核速率的影响。ＯＳＯ过饱和溶液的成核速率随着温度的升高和过饱和度的增大而增大，溶剂不同其数值也不同，实验结果根据经典成核理论进行了分析。     

氧化物薄膜的高热稳定性能及其在晶体生长中的应用

通常过冷液态可作为亚稳态存在而不发生凝固,但实现高于熔点的过热却非常困难.REBa_2Cu_3O_7-y(REBCO)薄膜过热性能的发现突破了传统理论对过热现象的认识,掀起了相关课题的研究热潮,激发人们在应用上实现它的实用价值.简单介绍了REBCO超导薄膜的过热现象、物理机制,着重综述了其在超导材料生长应用领域的重要结果和最新进展,为新型高热稳定性薄膜结构的探索提出了一种新思路,为籽晶诱导生长高熔点材料提供了一种新途径.     

纳米铜单晶拉伸力学性能的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟了绝对零度时三种不同边界条件下纳米铜单晶的拉伸力学性能。计算结果发现：不同边界约束对钢单晶的内在原子运动和整体力学行为有明显影响;纳米杆、纳米薄膜良好的延性主要来源于位错运动;铜单晶块体的破坏源于内部孔洞的发展,破坏时延性较差;此外,纳米杆、纳米薄膜存在较大的表面张力。     

Suppression of crystal nucleation in polydisperse colloids due to increase of the surface free energy

The formation of small crystallites is governed by two competing factors: the free energy gained upon transferring constituent atoms, molecules or colloidal particles from the metastable liquid to the more stable solid, and the free energy needed to create the surface area of the crystallite. Because the ratio of surface area to bulk is large for small particles, small crystallites dissolve spontaneously under conditions where larger crystallites are stable and macroscopic crystal growth occurs only if spontaneously formed crystallites exceed a critical minimum size. On theoretical grounds, the probability of forming such critical crystal nuclei is expected to increase rapidly with supersaturation. However, experiments show that the rate of crystal nucleation in many systems goes through a maximum as the supersaturation is increased. It is commonly assumed that the nucleation rate peaks because, even though the probability of forming critical nuclei increases with increasing concentration, the rate of growth of such nuclei decreases. Here we report simulations of crystal nucleation in suspensions of colloidal spheres with varying size distributions that show that the probability that critical nuclei will form itself goes through a maximum as the supersaturation is increased. We find that this effect, which is strongest for systems with the broadest particle size distribution, results from an increase with supersaturation of the solid-liquid interfacial free energy. The magnitude of this effect suggests that vitrification at high supersaturations should yield colloidal glasses that are truly amorphous, rather than nano-crystalline.     

Phase-selection and metastable phase formation in highly undercooled eutectic Ni_(78.6)Si_(21.4)alloys

A large undercooling (250 K) was achieved in eutectic Ni78.6 Si21.4 melt by the combination of molten-glass denucleation and cyclic superheating. The metastable phase formation process in the bulk undercooled eutectic Ni78.6 Si21.4 melts was investigated. With the increase of undercooling, different metastable phases form in eutectic Ni78.6 Si21.4 melts and part of these metastable phases can be kept at room temperature through slow post-solidification. Under large undercooling, the metastable phases β2-Ni3Si, Ni31Si12 and Ni3Si2 were identified. Especially, the Ni3Si2 phase was obtained in eutectic Ni78.6 Si21.4 alloy for the first time. Based on the principle of free energy minimum and transient nucleation theory, the solidification behavior of melts was analyzed with regard to the metastable phase formation when the melts were in highly undercooled state.     

Phase selection during solidification of undercooled Ni70.2Si29.8 eutectic alloy

High undercooling (about 392 K) was achieved in the bulk eutectic Ni_70.2Si_29.8 alloy melt through glass fluxing combined with cyclic superheating. It is found that the metastable phases Ni₃Si₂ and NiSi are obtained through slow post-solidification when undercooling exceeds 240 K. The metastable phases are confirmed by using the method of X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Based on the principle of the free energy minimum and the transient nucleation theory, the phase selection of melt is investigated with regard to the metastable phases formation in the bulk undercooled eutectic Ni_70.2Si_29.8 melts. The formation of metastable phases from undercooled Ni_70.2Si_29.8 melts is ascribed to competitive nucleation with the undercooling, i.e. high undercooling facilitates the preferential nucleation of metastable phases.     

(Ba,Pb)TiO3半导体陶瓷湿敏特性的研究

制备了在相对湿度为 2 0 % RH～ 98% RH范围内电阻值变化 3个～ 4个数量级的(Ba,Pb) Ti O3 陶瓷湿敏电阻 ,应用固体物理的无序系统理论解释了 (Ba,Pb) Ti O3 陶瓷的晶粒半导化 ,从表面电导及表面势垒的观点出发 ,分析其吸湿特性 ,并给出定性解释     

微量铅对电镀锌层织构及表面特性的影响

研究了用电镀法从含微量铅的硫酸盐镀液中获得的镀锌层,以及铅对其织构和结晶形态,镀层表面明度、光泽度、粗糙度、摩擦因数和抗黑变性能的影响.结果表明,随着镀液中Pb2+浓度的增加,镀层的表面粗糙度增大,其明度、光泽度、摩擦因数和抗黑变性能明显降低. 这主要是由于Pb的存在导致镀锌层(002)晶面取向降低,(101)晶面取向增加的缘故.     

Influence of PPCA inhibitor on CaCO3 scale surface deposition and bulk precipitation at elevated temperature

Scale formation is a serious and costly problem encountered in the oil and gas industry. Polyphosphinocarboxylic acid (PPCA) is a common commercial organic scale inhibitor used in the oil and gas industry which is normally referred to a nucleation inhibitor. In this paper, the effect of PPCA on calcium carbonate scale is studied systematically and some new insights into the mechanisms of PPCA inhibition are given. Traditionally, the studies of scale formation and inhibition have focused on bulk precipitation or surface deposition. Few studies have focused on the difference between surface deposition and bulk precipitation processes. In this paper, the effect of PPCA inhibitor on calcium carbonate scale formation is studied both in the bulk solution and on the metal surface in supersaturated scale formation solutions which represent typical waters encountered in oil and gas production. It is clear that PPCA inhibits both bulk precipitation and surface deposition but to a different degree. At 4 ppm PPCA, the inhibition efficiency of surface deposition is greater than the inhibition efficiency of bulk precipitation. It is assumed that the inhibitor film formed on the metal surface at the highest concentration of PPCA (4 ppm) prevent the adsorption of scale crystals on the metal surface. In addition, PPCA suppresses aragonite and calcite crystal formation and results in the least stable vaterite crystal dominating the scale.     

极高环境温度下的两级空调系统研究

针对极高环境温度下单级空调制冷系统运行中存在着的诸如压缩机的压缩比大，换热器热负荷大，性能系数小以及经济性差问题，采用一级节流中间不完全冷却和一组节流中间完全冷却的两级制冷系统对单级制冷系统进行改进，使压缩机制气温度降低了10℃（一级节流中间不完全冷 却）或20℃（一级节流中间完全冷却），符合排气温度的要求，同时性能系数提高了15％，因而使压缩机功耗降低，达到了提高单位工质的制冷量并使性能系数最优的目标。     

游离晶在铸件晶区形成中的作用

应用铸件在凝固时的倾出方法观察了工业纯铝试样在低过热度浇注时晶区的形成过程。结果表明，铸件激冷晶区是在凝固界面对密度很大的游离晶连续、大量捕获时形成的。铸件底部粒状堆积晶区是在游离晶沉降堆积后，因凝固层的增长速度小于游离晶的堆积速度，凝固在紧密堆积的游离晶间隙中进行而形成的。结果还表明，铸件柱状晶区的形成与生长并不要求高的温度梯度。