乙酰水杨酸合成条件的改进

利用正交试验设计对乙酰水杨酸合成实验的反应条件进行优化．结果表明，用2g水杨酸和4．2ml乙酸酐(1：3，mol/mol)反应，固定催化剂浓硫酸的量0．1ml，在75℃下恒温反应12min是该合成反应的实验室最佳工艺条件．用该条件合成乙酰水杨酸，反应的稳定性好．     

正交试验优化乙酰水杨酸合成工艺

目的:研究乙酰水杨酸合成工艺的影响因素,探索乙酰水杨酸合成实验的最佳条件.方法:采用正交试验,考察水杨酸和乙酸酐的物质的量比(A)、反应温度(B)、反应时间(C)和催化剂浓硫酸的用量(与水杨酸用量的体积质量比)(D)四个因素对乙酰水杨酸产率的影响.结果:乙酰水杨酸合成的最佳条件为A_1B_3C_1D_1,即水杨酸和乙酸酐物质的量比为1︰2,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为8 min,催化剂用量为1%.结论:在此工艺条件下,乙酰水杨酸产率可达76.3%(以水杨酸的投料量计算).     

The Esterification of Salicylic Acid Catalyzed by Solid Super Acid SO4^2--La2O3-TiO2

首次以SO4^2--La2O3-TiO2为非均相催化剂,以水杨酸为原料,合成了水杨酸甲酯和乙酰水杨酸。考察了影响反应的条件,获得优化实验条件：n水杨酸：n甲醇为1：12,催化剂用量40g／mol酸,反应5h时,水杨酸甲酯的收率可达86％;n水杨酸：n乙酸酐为1：4,催化剂用量6g／mol酸时,乙酰水杨酸的收率可达87％,同时催化剂回收再生容易,重复使用4次催化活性无明显降低,是一种环境友好的催化剂。     

SO4^2--La2O3-TiO2固体超强酸催化水杨酸的酯化反应

首次以SO42--La2O3-TiO2为非均相催化剂,以水杨酸为原料,合成了水杨酸甲酯和乙酰水杨酸。考察了影响反应的条件,获得优化实验条件:n水杨酸:n甲醇为1:12,催化剂用量40 g/mol酸,反应5 h时,水杨酸甲酯的收率可达86%;n水杨酸:n乙酸酐为1:4,催化剂用量6 g/mol酸时,乙酰水杨酸的收率可达87%,同时催化剂回收再生容易,重复使用4次催化活性无明显降低,是一种环境友好的催化剂。     

六氢吡啶催化合成乙酰水杨酸的研究

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料,以六氢吡啶为催化剂,合成了乙酰水杨酸,对反应条件进行了优化.结果表明,当水杨酸与乙酸酐物质的量比为1∶3,六氢吡啶为水杨酸质量的17%时,在83℃反应55min,乙酰水杨酸的产率可达88.4%.     

L-组氨酸催化合成乙酰水杨酸的研究

以L-组氨酸为催化剂,用乙酸酐和水杨酸合成了乙酰水杨酸。乙酰水杨酸合成的最佳条件为：乙酸酐与水杨酸的摩尔比为2．5：1、组氨酸的用量为0．4g（15moL％）、反应温度80℃、反应时间15min,此时产率达89．5％。     

乙酰水杨酸合成方法改进

首次用路易斯酸作为催化剂, 以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料合成乙酰水杨酸.当水杨酸用量为 2.0g,乙酸酐用量为 5.0mL,NiSO4用量为0.4g时,反应体系维持80℃反应30min,乙酰水杨酸收率可达85.2%.     

三乙胺催化微波法合成乙酰水杨酸实验研究

普通高等院校本科"有机制备"实验课程中乙酰水杨酸的制备方法,由于采用浓硫酸作催化剂和传统加热法,具有操作复杂、耗时、副反应多、难以纯化和环境污染严重等缺点.以三乙胺为催化剂,用微波合成法快速制备乙酰水杨酸.通过系统地研究物料比、催化剂用量、微波功率、反应温度和时间等实验条件对乙酰水杨酸产率的影响,获得一套高效、绿色的乙酰水杨酸的制备方案.     

微波辐射六氢吡啶催化快速合成乙酰水杨酸的研究

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料,微波辐射加热,六氢吡啶为催化剂,快速合成了乙酰水杨酸.通过正交试验及直观分析,探索出了最佳合成工艺条件;通过方差分析,得出了影响次序和程度.该方法为高效、环保、低能合成乙酰水杨酸提供了新的工艺条件.     

硫酸氢钾催化合成乙酰水杨酸的研究

硫酸氢钾对水杨酸和醋酸酐合成乙酰水杨酸具有良好的催化作用.最佳的合成条件水杨酸与醋酸酐的物质的量比为1∶2,硫酸氢钾用量为反应物总量的7%,反应时间为40min,反应温度为70℃,产率为76.4%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-