三维适形放射治疗犬自发性前列腺增生的扫描电镜观察

目的:研究三维适形放射治疗后前列腺增生组织细胞超微结构的变化,探讨三维适形放射治疗的作用。方法：选择7～15岁老年犬自发性BPH模型10只,随机分为2组。应用3-DCRT直接照射前列腺。以90％的等剂量曲线包绕整个前列腺,单次剂量2Gy,总剂量14Gy,应用6MV-X线完成照射。对照射前、照射后1、3月前列腺组织切片扫描射电镜观察,比较照射前、后组织形态学变化。结果：与照射前比较,照射后扫描电镜下可见,前列腺腺体萎缩,腺体之间间距增大,腺细胞脱落形成空洞。平滑肌萎缩,以纤维组织为主,纤维纤细。结论：3-DCRT可以使腺体和间质萎缩从而缩小前列腺体积改善尿路梗阻和下尿路症状。     

三维适形放射治疗前列腺增生症PSA、PAP的变化及其意义

目的:研究三维适形放射治疗对前列腺增生症前列腺特异性抗原(prostatic specific antigen,PSA) 及前列腺酸性磷酸酶(prostatic acid phosphatase,PAP)的作用。方法：选择7～15岁老年犬自发性BPH模型13只,随机分为两组,第一组8只,第二组5只。应用3-DCRT直接照射前列腺。以90％的等剂量曲线包绕整个前列腺,单次剂量2Gy,总剂量14Gy,应用6MV-X线完成照射。比较照射前、照射后1、3月血清PSA、PAP水平变化。结果：与照射前比较,照射后1、3月血清PSA下降（p＜0.05）,PAP无显著改变（p＞0.05）。结论：3-DCRT可降低前列腺增生症PSA,可能与前列腺体积缩小、上皮细胞数量减少有关。3-DCRT对PAP无显著改变,说明能一定程度地保留前列腺功能。     

137 Cs-γ 辐照对实验红鲫的组织病理学影响

摘要:目的 探 讨137 Cs-γ 辐 照 对 实 验 红 鲫 的 组 织 病 理 学 影 响。 方 法 用 HXFS-IA 生 物 辐 照 仪 对 实 验 红 鲫 进行137 Cs-γ 一次性辐照,剂量分别为 1. 94 Gy、3. 88 Gy、7. 76 Gy 和 15. 53 Gy。 经137 Cs-γ 辐照后的第 14 天,解剖实验红鲫取心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏等组织,按常规方法进行石蜡切片及 HE 染色。 结果 实验红鲫经 1. 94 ~ 15. 53 Gy137 Cs-γ 辐照后,心肌纤维排列紊乱、结构不再完整;部分肝细胞出现水肿,继而出现坏死;脾脏中淋巴细胞逐渐减少,网状细胞和纤维组织增生;肾小管的上皮细胞水肿继而出现细胞坏死,即心脏、肝脏、脾脏与肾脏会随着核剂量的增加,其损伤程度加剧。 结论 在 1. 94 ~ 15. 53 Gy 剂量范围内,实验红鲫经137 Cs-γ 一次性辐照后,心脏、肝脏、肾脏及脾脏均有组织病理损伤。 随着辐照剂量的加大,组织损伤的程度增高。     

三维适形放射治疗对犬自发性前列腺增生的前列腺体积的作用研究

目的：探索三维适形放射治疗(3-DCRT)对犬自发性前列腺增生症的前列腺体积的作用。方法：选择7~15岁老年犬自发性BPH模型。经直肠B超测量前列腺横径、前后径和长径,根据《国家新药研究指南》,前列腺三径的乘积＞18 cm3 者作为合格的BPH实验动物。应用3-DCRT直接照射前列腺。以90％的等剂量曲线包绕整个前列腺,单次剂量2Gy,总剂量14Gy,应用6MV-X线完成照射。经直肠B超测量前列腺横径、前后径和长径,乘以系数0.52,计算出前列腺体积,进行照射前、照射后1月比较。结果：照射前前列腺横径、前后径和长径分别为3.68?.44、2.65?.39、2.89?.45cm,照射后1月分别为3.04?.26、2.13?.22、2.28?.38cm,照射后1月显著缩小（p<0.01或0.05）。照射前、照射后1月,前列腺体积分别为14.88?.50、7.80?.45cm3,缩小非常显著（p<0.01）结论：3-DCRT可以显著缩小前列腺体积,从而可能改善尿路梗阻和LUTS。     

人AHHlT淋巴细胞辐射死亡与凋亡的关系及其意义

应用原位末端标记(TUNEL)和麦格-姬姆萨(MGG)染色和MTT比色法研究辐射诱导的人AHH-1T淋巴细胞死亡与凋亡的关系、细胞活存及其意义。结果表明,经2～10Gyγ-线照射后4～48h,随着照射剂量的增加和照后时间的延长,淋巴细胞凋亡指数明显升高,显示出较好的剂量和时间效应关系;而相同剂量照射后,淋巴细胞活存率随照射剂量增加而明显减少。上述结果表明,在一定照射剂量范围内,凋亡是辐射诱导淋巴细胞死亡的重要原因之一,为从细胞凋亡角度探讨急性放射病免疫损伤的防治提供了重要依据。     

电镜观察萎缩性胃炎超微结构及病理研究

扫描电镜可见,正常胃粘膜表面上皮细胞排列整齐,紧密;细胞大小基本一致,呈圆形或椭圆形;细胞表面有微绒毛,似鹅卵石样外观,细胞与细胞之间间隙大小基本一致;而萎缩性胃炎胃小凹由圆形变成大小不等、形态各异的多边形,沟形;胃小凹之间的隆起高低不等,分布不均,呈山峰状或桥状;细胞增生呈结节状,细胞脱落呈网状,微绒毛增多增长,呈地毯样外观;在透射电镜下可见主细胞少,分泌颗粒减少,粗面内质网扩张,线粒体肿胀,脊消失,壁细胞几乎看不到.肠化生后有杯状细胞.病理分析认为:导致萎缩性胃炎组织结构病变的根本原因在于胃粘膜防御系统受破坏后,胃壁细胞泌酸机能受到干扰,粘膜细胞大量破坏,增生所致.     

SMADs介导的TGF—β信号转导通路及其在放射性肺损伤中的作用

放射性肺炎-纤维化是人体受到大剂量或累积剂量放射源照射后所致的肺损伤,是临床肺纤维化疾病的一种特殊类型,是放射性核事故、临床放射治疗、骨髓移植前照射预处理、术后放疗预防肿瘤复发等所致的常见并发症,能引起肺组织的严重损伤;晚期由于大量肺实质被胶原纤维所取代,可发生呼吸功能障碍甚至死亡。因而研究放射性肺炎-纤维化的分子机理,对于防治这一并发症具有重要理论和实际的意义。本文对SMADs介导的TGF-β信号转导通路及其在放射性肺损伤中的作用进行综述。1 SMAD分子     

Monte Carlo方法在放射治疗计划剂量计算中的应用

为了在放射治疗计划系统中的临床应用,探讨Monte Carlo剂量计算方法。应用已经建立Monte Carlo虚拟源模型,针对一例食道肿瘤病例,完成该食道癌患者放射治疗计划各个射野的剂量计算,并进行了计划设计。研究发现,高剂量区与计划靶区(PTV)保持了很好的适形,关键器官的照射量很小,得到了很好的保护。结果表明,用Monte Carlo虚拟源剂量计算模型生成的剂量分布符合临床放射治疗的实施原则,治疗计划靶区得到了高剂量照射,危险器官受照剂量远低于耐受剂量。由于该模型的精确性,完全可以替代现有的解析型剂量计算模型。     

γ—射线诱发的人AHH—1淋巴细胞凋亡及其机制研究

研究γ-射线诱发的人AHH-1淋巴细胞凋亡规律和发生机制,用MGG、TUNEL染色,MTT、免疫组化和电镜观察,经0、3、6、9、12、15、20Gyγ-射线照射后,AHH-1淋巴细胞凋亡、活存率以及Bax、Bcl-2、Bcl-xl等凋亡相关蛋白表达的变化。结果：（1）3-12Gy照射范围内,凋亡是AHH-1细胞死亡的主要方式,且6-12Gy范围内呈现较好的量效关系;（2）15-20Gy照射后,凋亡率下降,推测此时除凋亡外,坏死也是AHH-1细胞死亡的主要途径;（3）不同剂量照射后,AHH-1细胞凋亡率在24h达到高峰;3-12Gy照射范围内,细胞活存率随照射剂量的增加而下降,15-20Gy照射后,下降趋势趋于平缓。结论认为一定剂量γ-射线照射可诱发人AHH-1淋巴细胞出现大量凋亡,且在一定范围内呈现较好的量效关系。     

甲氰菊酯对白鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）鳃组织病理学研究

为探讨甲氰菊酯对鱼类的致毒机理，将白鲢暴露于不同浓度的甲氰菊酯溶液中，结果可见，鳃组织出现鳃小叶增生、扭曲，鳃小叶末端膨大，上皮细胞坏死脱落等现象，而且鳃组织的损伤程度与暴露剂量、时间正相关，并与鳃匀浆中的Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力及鱼群死亡率有明显的相关关系．因此认为鳃组织病理学损伤作用是甲氰菊酯对白鲢高毒的重要原因之一．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the