紫外和He-Ne激光复合诱变筛选L-丙氨酸高产菌株

对L-丙氨酸产生菌德阿昆哈假单孢菌分别进行紫外、激光以及紫外—激光的复合诱变筛选,结果表明,复合诱变正突变率幅度较大.从紫外—激光的复合诱变得到的突变株中筛选到3株遗传性状稳定的高产菌株,其L-天冬氨酸-β-脱羧酶的活性较之出发菌株分别提高19.97%、30.04%和26.55%,经9次传代培养,突变株性质稳定.     

紫外、微波诱变黄孢原毛平革菌菌株的筛选比较

 对黄孢原毛平革菌孢子悬浮液进行了紫外和微波诱变,并将筛选出的优势菌PU-69和PM-57与未经诱变的菌作对比实验.结果显示紫外诱变的PU-69,Lip酶活力提高了1.29倍,Mnp1.27倍,Lac1.31倍.微波诱变的PM-57,Lip酶活力提高了1.34倍,Mnp1.33倍,Lac1.3倍.微波诱变菌株的产酶能力略高于紫外诱变,其操作也更为简单.     

絮凝菌的筛选及乳制品废水培养条件优化

目的 研究廉价乳制品废水作为培养基筛选高效絮凝菌,并对其进行培养条件优化试验,旨在降低絮凝剂生产成本的同时筛选出更稳定的优势菌种.方法 以稻田土壤、活性污泥为菌种来源,通过初筛以及复筛,共选出24株产絮菌,其中菌株C2絮凝效果最佳,并对菌株C2进行紫外诱变,得到一株高效产絮菌C2-5,并分别外加不同量葡萄糖、尿素、K2...     

α-亚麻酸特异性脂肪酶产生菌的复合诱变研究

将前期实验中经筛选、紫外诱变获得的α-亚麻酸特异性脂肪酶产生菌为诱变出发菌,通过紫外线、硫酸乙二酯和氯化锂的物理—化学复合诱变处理,经平板筛选和摇瓶发酵及发酵液中脂肪酶活性的测定,分离出具有产生更高活力α-亚麻酸特异性脂肪酶的菌株,测试结果显示,其酶活较单一紫外诱变菌种提高了31%.     

沼泽红假单胞菌高产辅酶Q10菌株的诱变选育研究

以沼泽红假单胞菌为出发菌株,通过紫外诱变和罗红霉素抗性筛选,以期获得辅酶Q10高产菌株.试验结果表明,紫外照射时间60-70s时可能达到最大正向突变概率.通过紫外诱变、罗红霉素初筛和发酵复筛,获得一株沼泽红假单胞菌突变株R-1,辅酶Q10产量达到0.021g/L,较出发菌株产量（0.018g/L）提高16％.经过6次传代培养,突变菌株产辅酶Q10产量稳定,可用于进一步研究.     

高效苯酚降解菌的筛选及其降酚性能

由某钢铁集团公司焦化废水池的活性污泥中筛选驯化出降酚菌株,并经紫外诱变得到一株高效降酚菌Y5.结果表明,该菌48 h可使浓度为2000 mg/L的苯酚溶液降解到47.70 mg/L,降解率达97.61%,同时COD去除率为93.77%.该菌株最适降酚条件为温度25～35℃,pH 6.5～7.5,并且降酚率随接菌量及通气量的增加而明显提高.     

高产普鲁兰菌种的诱变与筛选

采用紫外照射法对普鲁兰产生菌出芽短梗霉进行诱变和筛选，得到一株普鲁兰的高产变异株B9，其转化率可达52％．同时，对变异株B9进行菌落形态及发酵的研究．     

脱氮假单胞菌发酵生产维生素B12高产菌株的选育

以维生素B12生产菌株脱氮假单胞菌05-04为出发菌株,采用紫外线和5-澳尿嘧啶复合诱变处理,选育到一株抗5-澳尿嘧啶突变株5-BU-3-5,该菌株经摇瓶发酵,发酵单位较出发菌株提高了18.0%.该菌株特性优良,经57m3发酵罐试验,平均发酵单位提高8.9%,是一株性状较稳定可深入开发研究的优良菌株.     

抗蛋氨酸结构类似物突变株的筛选

以北京棒杆菌AS1.299经诱变后获得的高产蛋氨酸突变株N3-10作为出发菌株, 依次采用蛋氨酸结构类似物亮氨酸、 原亮氨酸和乙硫氨酸平板对
诱变后的突变株进行筛选, 得到蛋氨酸高产菌株依次为L3,LN7和E31. 结果表明, 亮氨酸对突变株N3-10的抑制质量浓度为8 g/L, 原亮氨酸对突变株L3的抑制质量浓度为3 g/L, 乙硫氨酸对LN7突变株的抑制质量浓度为3 g/L, 经紫外诱变和3种蛋氨酸结构类似物的筛选, 最终获得蛋氨酸产量最高突变株E31, 产量为1.479 g/L, 比出发菌株N3 10蛋氨酸产量高0.379 g/L. 经5次传代, 产量稳定.     

一株耐高温α-淀粉酶生产菌的分离鉴定及其产酶条件优化

作者从四川成都及其周边地区的淀粉厂,米厂,面粉厂等样品采集地的土样和污水当中筛选到16株酶活较高的野生型α-淀粉酶生产菌,其中一株编号为C1的菌株酶活最高,液体发酵酶活达到20 U/mL.这株菌能在高温（50 ℃）下生长良好.在电子显微镜观察,有明显芽孢,生理生化常规鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌（B. subtilis）,进一步的16S rDNA分子鉴定确定该菌属于枯草芽孢杆菌,命名为B. subtilis C1. 并对B. subtilis C1的产酶条件进行优化.     

Plasmid-related anaerobic autotrophy of the novel archaebacterium Sulfolobus ambivalens

Three different species of the genus Sulfolobus, S. acidocaldarius, S. solfataricus (= Caldariella) and S. brierleyi, have been distinguished by the conditions required for optimal growth, by the component patterns of their DNA-dependent RNA polymerases and by DNA sequence data. Many isolates of these species are able to grow chemolithoautotrophically using CO2 as the sole carbon source and the oxidation of S(0) with O2 yielding sulphuric acid, as the energy source, though a few others grow only heterotrophically. We show here that a strain of a novel Sulfolobus species, S. ambivalens, is alternatively able to live by an anaerobic mode of chemolithoautotrophy, also using CO2 as the sole carbon source, but using reduction of S(0) with H2, yielding H2S as the energy source. This mode of growth is correlated with the amplification of a plasmid, pSL10.     

Preferential cis-syn thymine dimer bypass by DNA polymerase eta occurs with biased fidelity

Human DNA polymerase eta (Pol eta) modulates susceptibility to skin cancer by promoting DNA synthesis past sunlight-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers that escape nucleotide excision repair (NER). Here we have determined the efficiency and fidelity of dimer bypass. We show that Pol eta copies thymine dimers and the flanking bases with higher processivity than it copies undamaged DNA, and then switches to less processive synthesis. This ability of Pol eta to sense the dimer location as synthesis proceeds may facilitate polymerase switching before and after lesion bypass. Pol eta bypasses a dimer with low fidelity and with higher error rates at the 3' thymine than at the 5' thymine. A similar bias is seen with Sulfolobus solfataricus DNA polymerase 4, which forms a Watson-Crick base pair at the 3' thymine of a dimer but a Hoogsteen base pair at the 5' thymine (ref. 3). Ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis is also higher at the 3' base of dipyrimidine sequences. Thus, in normal people and particularly in individuals with NER-defective xeroderma pigmentosum who accumulate dimers, errors made by Pol eta during dimer bypass could contribute to mutagenesis and skin cancer.     

The genome sequence of the thermoacidophilic scavenger Thermoplasma acidophilum

Thermoplasma acidophilum is a thermoacidophilic archaeon that thrives at 59 degrees C and pH 2, which was isolated from self-heating coal refuse piles and solfatara fields. Species of the genus Thermoplasma do not possess a rigid cell wall, but are only delimited by a plasma membrane. Many macromolecular assemblies from Thermoplasma, primarily proteases and chaperones, have been pivotal in elucidating the structure and function of their more complex eukaryotic homologues. Our interest in protein folding and degradation led us to seek a more complete representation of the proteins involved in these pathways by determining the genome sequence of the organism. Here we have sequenced the 1,564,905-base-pair genome in just 7,855 sequencing reactions by using a new strategy. The 1,509 open reading frames identify Thermoplasma as a typical euryarchaeon with a substantial complement of bacteria-related genes; however, evidence indicates that there has been much lateral gene transfer between Thermoplasma and Sulfolobus solfataricus, a phylogenetically distant crenarchaeon inhabiting the same environment. At least 252 open reading frames, including a complete protein degradation pathway and various transport proteins, resemble Sulfolobus proteins most closely.     

利用5-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶缺失的重组大肠杆菌合成5-氨基乙酰丙酸

生物法合成5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-ALA)大多通过添加5-ALA脱水酶(ALAD)的抑制剂乙酰丙酸(LA)减少5-ALA的降解,造成生产成本增高,发酵工艺复杂.本文利用ALAD缺失的大肠杆菌ZSEc2作为出发菌株,通过紫外诱变的方法,获得可利用外源血红素恢复正常生长的大肠杆菌突变株ZGEc1,并过表达来自沼泽红假单胞菌的5-ALA合成酶(ALAS)基因,最终建立一条不需要添加ALAD抑制剂的5-ALA的生物合成新路线.经过培养基初步优化,重组菌可在胞外积累约1,g/L的5-ALA.     

毛细管电泳法分离测定食品中山梨酸、苯甲酸、糖精

采用毛细管电泳-紫外检测法，考察了波长，电压，缓冲试剂、浓度、pH对山梨酸、苯甲酸、糖精分离的影响，得到了优化的实验条件．以硼砂20mmol／L(pH=7．5)为运行缓冲溶液．20kV为分离电压，检测波长为230nm的电泳条件下，进样时间为10s，山梨酸、苯甲酸、糖精可在12min内实现分离．山梨酸在5mg／L～50mg／L，苯甲酸在5mg／L～50mg／L，糖精在15mg／L～150mg／L范围内呈良好线性关系，迁移速度、峰面积相对标准偏差均小于4．5％，(n=5)．用上述方法对实际样品进行测定，回收率在95％以上．     

葡甘聚糖酶高产菌株Bacillus subtilis的超剂量诱变育种

超剂量诱变育种就是加大诱变剂处理剂量,提高菌株突变幅度,从而获得较好的诱变效果.以葡甘聚糖酶产生菌Bacillus subtilis MY-1为初始菌株,先用紫外线、硫酸二乙酯进行单因子诱变,再用超剂量复合诱变,经过透明圈法和摇瓶筛选,得到了一株高产葡甘聚糖酶的突变菌株,命名为Bacillus subtilis UDMY-25,连续传代培养5次,发酵酶活稳定在5 387.2U/mL以上,较原初始菌株提高了44.8%,该菌株产酶能力处于同领域较高水平,具有较好的开发潜力和市场应用价值.     

苯酚废水的光氧化降解研究

研究了UV/Fenton、日光/Fenton、UV/TiO_2和UV/Fe~(2+)等几种光氧化体系对模拟苯酚废水的氧化降解。结果表明,在上述几种光氧化体系中,UV/Fenton体系对苯酚的氧化降解能力最强,可很快地使苯酚矿化,日光/Fenton体系的降解能力次之;而UV/TiO_2与UV/Fe~(2+)体系对苯酚的降解效果较差。反应初始pH值与催化剂Fe~(2+)用量等因素对苯酚的降解均有很大影响,光Fenton反应体系中,pH值在3～4范围内,苯酚的矿化效果较佳,pH值超过此范围,矿化率则急剧下降;苯酚的矿化率随着Fe~(2+)用量的增加而逐渐增大,但当Fe~(2+)达到一定量时,再增加Fe~(2+)用量,苯酚的矿化率反而有所下降。     

Cu纳米粒子的光化学制备及其可逆生长-溶解现象简

采用光化学方法在五水硫酸铜（CuSO4·5 H2 O）的乙二醇溶液中制备了Cu纳米粒子,通过反应过程中的紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）探讨了反应历程。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和能谱仪分析了产物的形貌、物相、晶体结构和化学组成,并研究了光化学法制备Cu纳米粒子的反应参数。研究结果证明了反应仅在隔绝空气,紫外光引发的条件下才能发生,发现了生成的Cu纳米粒子敞口静置时会被溶解在胶体中的氧气逐渐氧化,再次在隔绝空气的条件下用紫外光照射后,又会重新生成Cu纳米粒子的现象,并讨论了出现这一现象的原因。而加入三乙醇胺后,同样在隔绝空气,紫外复色光照射的情况下,Cu纳米粒子会优先生长在表面上,采用这种方法,在氧化铟锡（ITO）导电玻璃上制备得到了Cu纳米粒子。