基于双边滤波的HDR图像色调映射算法

高动态范围(HDR)图像是一种表达了超过一般显示器所能表示的真实场景中亮度大范围变化的图像类型,能够很好地区分场景的明暗区域,呈现更多的细节信息.为了能够在低动态范围显示器上显示HDR图像,需要进行动态范围压缩.采用一种基于双边滤波的HDR图像动态范围压缩算法,首先计算每个像素点亮度值,然后对其进行双边滤波处理,最后进行对比度的压缩并生成最终的图像.实验结果表明,该算法合成的HDR图像整体明暗效果较好,细节信息丰富.     

基于移动最小二乘的高分辨HDR图像色调映射算法

HDR图像由于能够同时很好地保存图像亮区和暗区的信息而受到越来越多的关注,但是没有办法在普通的显示设备上进行很好的显示.所以出现了很多对于HDR图像进行色调映射的算法.但是,对于高分辨率HDR图像的色调映射,目前还缺乏比较有效的方法.本文提出了一种针对高分辨率HDR图像色调映射的有效方法.该方法先利用移动最小二乘法提取图像的光照分量,然后对其进行压缩后再恢复图像的彩色信息.实验表明所提方法能够快速处理任意分辨率的HDR图像,而且同时能够很好地在普通显示设备上显示图像亮区和暗区的细节信息.     

参数控制的混合色调映射方法

为解决高动态图像的真实影像再现问题,提出了一种基于参数控制的混合色调映射方法.对图像进行全局预处理,保持整幅图像的亮度和对比度;采用参数控制的混合算子获取图像的局部对比度和细节;采用双边滤波解决色调映射过程中产生的光晕问题.仿真实验表明,该方法压缩了原始高动态图像的动态范围,保持了整体亮度,增强了局部细节而去除光晕效应影响,比现有的Sigmoid算法在各个参数上有显著提高.      

一种基于色调/饱和度/亮度彩色空间的灰度变换算法

考虑到灰度变换技术直接应用于RGB彩色图像增强容易引起彩色失真的缺陷,提出了一种自适应灰度变换算法,将原始RGB图像和RGB三分量灰度变换后的图像转换到色调／饱和度／亮度彩色空间,重组两者的色调分量和亮度分量,再对原始图像的饱和度分量进行补偿处理,从而保持了原始图像的色彩．本算法充分继承了灰度变换算法的优点,扩展了原始图像的有效灰度范围,提高了整体对比度,增强了细节．此外,算法的计算量极小,不需要设定任何参数,可用于自适应实时彩色图像处理．     

具有细节补偿和色彩恢复的多尺度Retinex色调映射算法

针对带色彩恢复的多尺度Retinex色调映射算法(MSRCR)在分离图像光照信息时未保留部分细节信息,导致结果图像出现细节模糊和颜色失真的问题,提出了一种具有细节补偿和色彩恢复的多尺度Retinex色调映射算法(MSRCD).该算法利用Retinex理论的基本原理将高动态范围图像分为反射层和光照层,先使用双边滤波从图像光照层中提取出细节信息进行补偿,然后从图像的反射层中分离出基本层信息并进行自适应调整,压缩其动态范围,最后通过色彩校正还原图像颜色.实验结果表明,与MSRCR算法及基于双边滤波的算法相比,MSRCD算法的处理结果保留了更丰富的细节信息,色彩逼近于真实场景且避免了光晕的产生.     

基于Retinex的亮度-梯度协同引导色调映射算法

针对梯度域色调映射方法在图像主观显示性能方面存在的不足,利用人类视觉系统的感知能力和梯度域方法,提出一种基于Retinex理论的亮度-梯度协同引导色调映射算法.首先,提出作用域感知的自适应归一化方法,针对不同作用域算法构造归一化映射;然后,引入Retinex亮度引导项对背景亮度进行估计,并基于梯度引导项对图像进行动态范围压缩;最后,将亮度、梯度引导项联合进行统一建模,用指数平均局部方差权重抑制光晕.实验结果表明,该算法在动态范围压缩的同时抑制了过饱和与伪影现象,具有良好的视觉效果和鲁棒性.     

采用主成分分析与梯度金字塔的高动态范围图像生成方法

针对由多曝光低动态范围(LDR)图像融合生成高动态范围(HDR)图像对采集设备要求高且不适用于动态场景的问题,提出一种采用主成分分析(PCA)与梯度金字塔的HDR图像生成(HDR-PGG)方法。首先用改进的S曲线全局映射和Retinex局部色调映射对PCA变换后的亮度图像进行处理,以避免光晕和泛灰,并结合PCA逆变换获取多曝光LDR图像;其次利用多曝光LDR图像的对比度、饱和度、曝光度和亮度信息构造标量权重图,确保生成的HDR图像亮暗区域分明且细节清晰;最后,利用梯度金字塔生成HDR图像。实验结果表明,当视觉差异大于75%时,由HDR-PGG方法生成的HDR图像的平均像素分布概率比拉普拉斯金字塔和梯度金字塔算法降低了10.84%和30.75%,其平均相对熵与噪声程度比值分别提高了0.542 1和0.508 9。     

基于协同滤波的多尺度色调映射

高动态范围(HDR)图像是一类包含丰富的图像细节、具有较高明暗对比度、接近真实场景色彩的图像.HDR图像具有广阔的研究前景和实际应用价值.与传统图像相比,这类图像具有很高的动态范围,因而HDR图像在一般显示设备上难以得到比较满意的显示效果.为了克服这一问题,本文提出一个基于协同滤波的多尺度色调映射模型,该模型先利用滤波方法将HDR图像分解为不同细节尺度的图像层,再对各个图像层的动态范围进行不同程度的调整,从而同时达到压缩动态范围和增强细节的效果.实验表明该模型能较好地在一般显示设备重现原场景,具有较好的视觉效果.     

双能X射线高动态范围安检图像压缩算法

为使拥有高动态范围的双能X射线安检图像在普通显示器上显示时不丢失细节,提出了一种基于多尺度局部保边(local edge-preserving,LEP)滤波的自适应色调映射算法.该算法对原始图像进行多尺度LEP滤波,得到1个基础层和3个细节层.随后对基础层进行对数自适应色调映射,并对3个细节层进行Sigmoid函数自适应增强.将处理后的各层图像相加,并进行直方图均衡化调整以去除噪声、提高图像对比度.该算法同时对高、低能X射线图像进行处理,并在处理后根据高、低能图像各自的特点进行融合,最终得到保留丰富信息的低动态范围双能X射线图像.实验表明,该算法在信息熵、对比度提升指数及峰值信噪比三方面都有提高,能够有效改善图像质量.     

基于色调映射和暗通道融合的弱光图像增强

针对阴天或夜晚等弱光条件下拍摄的图像具有亮度低、对比度低和细节模糊等问题,提出了一种基于色调映射和暗通道融合的弱光图像增强方法.首先,根据弱光及其反转图像的特点,提出面向弱光图像的透射率估计方法,进而获得场景深度信息,并将其融入色调映射函数设计;同时利用暗通道图像区分光源区域,以修正色调映射函数参数,使其能够根据场景深度自适应调整图像亮度;另一方面,增强后的暗通道图可有效突出图像的细节信息,将经过色调映射后的V通道图像和暗通道图进行加权融合,得到最后的增强结果.实验结果表明,本文方法不仅显著改善图像亮度、增强对比度、恢复出更多的图像细节,还能有效去除块效应和晕轮伪影,视觉效果理想.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.