基于局部重构与全局保持的半监督判别分析方法

为克服线性判别分析(LDA)只能利用有标记样本的缺点,提出一种基于局部重构与全局保持的半监督判别分析(LRGPSSDA)方法.LRGPSSDA通过最小化局部重构误差来确定邻域图的边权值,在保持数据集局部结构的同时保持其全局结构,具有对邻域参数的选择不敏感、所得投影子空间的维数不受样本类别数的限制等特点.相较现有的半监督判别分析方法(如SDA和UDA),LRGPSSDA的分类性能更好.在YaleB和CMUPIE标准人脸库上的实验结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

一种高性能改进型半监督维数约减算法

针对局部重构和全局保持的半监督维数约减算法在对类内、类间关系进行处理时忽略了数据的局部性的缺点,以及增强的半监督局部Fisher判别分析算法在保持数据流形结构时忽略了数据流形结构局部性的缺点,提出一种改进型的半监督维数约减算法.该算法通过一种改进的热核权重来表示样本间距离的重要性,以此使得处于同一类簇的类内、类间关系更加得到重视,可以优先减少或加大处于同一类簇的类内或类间距离;此外在保持数据流形结构时,采用局部线性嵌入算法的思想,即要求低维空间里每个点的邻域线性重构关系和该点在高维空间里的邻域重构关系类似,并将数据流形结构的局部性考虑进去.实验结果表明,该算法在COIL20,Extended YaleB与CMU PIE等标准库上的分类性能比其他半监督维数约减算法更具优势.     

对称局部保持的半监督维数约简算法

针对自然界较多图像具有对称的特点以及数据分布大多呈一定的流形结构情况,提出了一种对称局部保持的半监督维数约减(SLPSDR)算法.该算法使用矩阵定义维数约减映射矩阵元素之间的关系,使图像中对称的像素点对应的映射矩阵的值之间的差别最小;同时为了利用无标签训练样本保持数据的流形结构,要求低维空间中每个点的邻域关系与高维空间中的邻域关系相似.在CMU PIE、Extend Yale B、ORL、AR人脸数据库上的实验结果表明,图像数据明显的对称特点使得SLPSDR算法优于其他对比的维数约减算法.     

面向高光谱影像分类的改进局部切空间排列降维

提出多策略提升的局部切空间排列算法来解决常规局部切空间排列降维在高光谱影像分类中计算复杂度高的问题.通过引入随机映射来预先减少高光谱影像波段数,降低后续k-邻域和局部切空间构建的计算复杂度;采用递归兰索斯切分算法快速构建近似k-邻域,降低常规k-邻域构建的计算时间;采用快速近似奇异值分解算法提高全局排列矩阵的本征分解计算速度.利用两个不同的高光谱数据集,设计4组实验来分析多策略速度提升的局部切空间排列算法的计算性能和分类效果.实验证明,相比常规局部切空间排列方法,多策略提升的局部切空间排列方法损失约1%左右的总体分类精度却能够提高至少3倍的计算速度.     

基于流形学习的纤维丛模型研究

针对数据的高维性,维数约简成为了热点的研究方向,各种流形学习算法都试图发现高维数据的内在结构与规律,然而都是基于小邻域的学习,如何将全局和局部的数据学习结合起来是一个尚未解决的问题.纤维丛是微分流形中的重要理论,比如线性空间中每个子空间都可以看成是一个纤维,它们的集合是纤维丛.本文在流形学习基础上引入纤维丛,给出纤维丛模型,并提出基于切丛局部主方向的向量空间降维算法,该算法用k-均值划分数据集并在各块上求主成分,由第一主方向组成的切丛截面,在截面流形上进行利用等度规映射（ISOMAP）降维,最后在模拟数据和人脸数据上进行实验说明了算法的有效性.     

基于子空间学习算法的单模态生物特征识别系统

建立了一种适用于人脸、步态等生物特征识别的单模态生物特征识别系统.首先,单位化原始生物特征数据,得到新的数据集;然后,利用局部拓扑结构保存映射算法,确定新数据集的内蕴低维子空间;最后,在确定的低维子空间上利用类内距离和执行分类.在这个系统中,局部拓扑结构保存映射算法是一种新颖的子空间学习方法,与其他子空间学习算法相比,判别能力更强,更适合于生物特征识别.此外,对原始数据进行单位化处理以及在确定低维子空间上利用类内距离和执行分类都能有效提高生物特征识别系统性能.实验结果表明：该单模态生物特征识别系统是有效性的.     

面向高维小样本数据的层次子空间ReliefF特征选择算法

高维小样本数据的特征维数远远高于样本数,因为其通常包含大量的冗余特征,ReliefF算法在处理这类数据时存在以下挑战：传统ReliefF算法无法剔除冗余特征,而现有的改进ReliefF算法大多通过启发式地计算特征与特征之间的互信息来剔除冗余特征,不适用于高维数据;通过截取与标记相关性最大的若干特征来进行分类,可能不是最优选择,因其没有考虑不同特征组合对分类性能的影响.为了解决以上问题,提出一种基于层次子空间的ReliefF特征选择算法,将原始特征集划分为具有层次结构的子空间,并利用邻域粗糙集理论来计算低层子空间的局部依赖度,能在高维小样本数据上高效率地批量剔除冗余特征.此外,为了考量不同特征组合对结果的影响,引入“局部领导力”的概念,保留部分子空间中“带队”能力较强的特征,从局部和全局的角度共同给予特征更加客观的评价.在六个微阵列基因数据集上的实验表明,与现有方法相比,提出的方法更高效,而且能保持良好的分类性能.     

基于邻域保持嵌入的主多项式非线性过程故障检测

针对化工过程的变量数据维数高、非线性的问题,提出基于邻域保持嵌入(NPE)-主多项式分析(PPA)的过程故障检测算法.应用NPE算法提取高维数据的低维子流形,能够解决传统的线性降维算法不能提取局部结构信息的问题,对维数进行约减.利用PPA法时,使用一组灵活的主多项式分量来描述数据,能够有效地捕捉过程数据中固有的非线性结构.在降维后的流形空间进行主多项式分析并建立Hotelling’s T~2和平方预测误差统计量模型,同时确定控制限以进行故障检测.最后,通过一组非线性数值实例和Tennessee Eastman化工过程数据,将NPE-PPA算法与传统的核主元分析法、PPA法进行对比分析,验证所提算法的有效性及优越性.     

基于半监督局部保持投影的磨粒图像特征降维

为有效提取磨粒图像的数字化特征,引入局部保持投影算法。针对局部保持投影在磨粒特征降维中的不足,提出一种基于Parzen窗和成对约束的半监督局部保持投影算法(PSS-LPP)。利用Parzen窗估计高维特征空间中样本的密度,然后根据各样本密度自适应调整邻域参数,并且充分利用样本的标签信息和实例约束生成成对约束集,进而指导投影权矩阵的构造,从而实现特征参数的半监督降维。将PSS-LPP应用于磨粒图像的纹理特征降维,研究结果表明:PSS-LPP对邻域参数初值和热核参数不敏感,降维性能比较稳定,磨粒识别精度明显提高。PSS-LPP可以更有效提取磨粒图像的低维特征。     

高光谱图像半监督局部稀疏嵌入降维算法

针对目前高光谱图像半监督降维算法中基于流形学习的开放性选择近邻参数问题,以及利用传统算法不能有效地获取标签数据的局部信息,提出了一种无需考虑近邻参数的半监督局部稀疏嵌入（SELSE）算法.该算法基于稀疏表示理论,通过求解范数优化问题构建稀疏系数图,并且利用有限的标签数据最大化类间信息,提取高光谱图像的特征.在AVIRIS高光谱遥感图像的Indian Pine数据集上进行仿真实验,结果表明所提出算法在分类精度和计算效率上都有所提高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to