伍氏游仆虫皮层微管类细胞骨架的荧光标记

Flutax直接荧光标记和抗α微管蛋白间接免疫荧光标记显示:伍氏游仆虫皮层细胞骨架是以微管为主要成分组成的各纤毛器骨架和骨架附属微管,以及与非纤毛器骨架相互联系形成的立体骨架.整个皮层骨架包括口围带、波动膜、额腹横棘毛、尾棘毛和背纤毛等纤毛器及其骨架、纤毛器基部附属微管和其他皮层微管骨架.伍氏游仆虫细胞背、腹面存在网格结构;细胞背面存在成列的空洞样结构;毛基体周围的玫瑰花样强荧光标记,呈现更加精细的网格结构.结果揭示:与其他腹毛类纤毛虫相比,游仆虫纤毛器有了明显的功能上的"分工";细胞背腹面存在的网格是游仆虫细胞表面的真实结构,是游仆虫细胞皮层微管类细胞骨架的一部分;细胞背面的空洞样结构及毛基体周围的更精细结构,揭示出毛基体基部存在着更加复杂的微管骨架.所得结果有利于进一步揭示微管类胞器的功能.     

纤毛虫阔口游仆虫皮层微管胞器的形态及形态发生

采用荧光紫杉醇直接荧光标记,研究了腹毛类纤毛虫阔口游仆虫(Euplotes eurystomus)中由纤毛器、纤毛器附属微管和非纤毛器微管组成的皮层微管胞器.其中纤毛器、纤毛器附属微管包括口围带及小膜托架微管,波动膜及基部微管骨架网,额腹横棘毛、左缘棘毛及基部的前纵维管束、后纵微管束和横微管束,背触毛及基部的玫瑰花环附属微管等;非纤毛器皮层微管包括背腹面的细小网格状微管,背面的斜向微管层及贯穿于细胞纵长的纵微管层等.形态发生中,老口围带被前仔虫继承,前、后仔虫的额腹横棘毛发生及分化过程中老纤毛器基部微管退化,并且老棘毛及其附属微管可能具有定位和定向作用,但未见直接的物质联系.所得结果为揭示腹毛目纤毛虫皮层微管胞器建构的多样性、细胞皮层微管的分化及其细胞调控提供了基础资料.     

异毛虫Allotricha curdsi皮层纤毛器基部微管的荧光标记

FLUTAX直接荧光标记和抗α-微管蛋白抗体免疫荧光标记显示,原生动物腹毛目纤毛虫异毛虫(Al-lotricha curdsi)细胞微管胞器由口围带、波动膜、额腹横棘毛、左右缘棘毛、背触毛等皮层纤毛器、纤毛器基部附属微管组成.其中腹面皮层纤毛器基部附属微管包括小膜托架、小膜附属微管、波动膜骨架;额腹横棘毛基部围棘纤维篮、额腹横棘毛和左右缘棘毛基部前纵微管束、后纵微管束和横微管束,它们以各自的纤毛器基部为中心,分别向皮层不同方向发射,在细胞皮层内形成一个复合三维结构微管网;并且,左、右缘棘毛基部横微管显示非镜像对称的图像,横棘毛基部微管前纵微管束向前伸展后其前端并非聚集在一起,这与目前报道的其他腹毛目纤毛虫如贻贝棘尾虫、魏氏拟尾柱虫同种结构的定位特征不一样.     

包囊游仆虫的皮层及其纤毛结构的形态学研究

应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了非分裂时期和分裂时期上海包囊游仆虫的皮层及其纤毛结构的形态学.形态发生中,纤毛原基按口原基,额腹横棘毛、尾棘毛、和背触毛原基的顺序先后在皮层内发生和分化,皮层相应位置也按序形成纤毛原基生长发育的空间.纤毛原基长纤毛时,其上方皮层表面裂开,伴同着新口围带逐渐外露,或新棘毛沿皮层裂口形成的沟槽迁移和定位.皮层表面突起中,唇和第二条脊经历生长发育和分裂的过程,被分配到前、后仔虫中,其中脊向仔细胞传递的这种现象是特殊的.所得结果表明,游仆虫的老口围带纤毛结构发生更新后形成前仔虫的口围带,并且前仔虫波动膜也可能是更新后产生的新结构.     

包囊游仆虫的皮层及其纤毛结构的形态学研究

应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了非分裂时期和分裂时期上海包囊游仆虫的皮层及其纤毛结构的形态学。形态发生中,纤毛原基按口原基,额腹横棘毛、尾棘毛、和背触毛原基的顺序先后在皮层内发生和分化,皮层相应位置也按序形成纤毛原基生长发育的空间。纤毛原基长纤毛时,其上方皮层表面裂开,伴同着新口围带逐渐外露,或新棘毛沿皮层裂口形成的沟槽迁移和定位。皮层表面突起中,唇和第二条脊经历生长发育和分裂的过程,被分配到前、后仔虫中,其中脊向仔细胞传递的这种现象是特殊的。所得结果表明,游仆虫的老口围带纤毛结构发生更新后形成前仔虫的口围带,并且前仔虫波动膜也可能是更新后产生的新结构。     

纤毛虫阔口游仆虫(Euplotes eurystomus)微管类细胞骨架的超微结构

采用透射电镜术显示腹毛类纤毛虫阔口游仆虫(Euplotes eurystomus)的微管类细胞骨架包括纤毛器微管骨架和非纤毛器微管骨架.结果表明:细胞皮层纤毛器中除纤毛杆、纤毛基体微管外,其基体间连接纤维、基体托架、基体附属微管、纤毛器基部附属微管束以及围棘纤维篮等也是皮层纤毛器微管的重要组成部分,各种微管相互联系、聚...     

华美游仆虫皮层细胞骨架的超微结构及免疫电镜观察

 应用透射和免疫电镜术,在超微结构水平观察显示,腹毛类纤毛虫华美游仆虫的皮层纤毛器和非纤毛器细胞骨架中,表膜下、细胞质深部的微管或纤维束,以及纤毛器及纤毛器附属微管等均是以α-和 β-微管蛋白为主要成分的微管类结构;中心蛋白定位于纤毛器的基体腔、基体基部近中心端、基体基部近中心端连接及基体中部连接结构中,而在纤毛杆和皮层非纤毛器微管中无中心蛋白成分存在。据此认为,该纤毛虫中,基体部位的蛋白组成机制与纤毛杆及纤毛器附属结构是不同的,非分裂期细胞中定位于基体主体部位的中心蛋白可能与维持相关结构的稳定性有关。     

包囊游仆虫纤毛器微管在不同生理状态下的分化

应用FLUTAX染色及荧光显微术研究了包囊游仆虫的皮层微管胞器及其形成包囊和脱包囊过程中结构的分化：（1）细胞无性分裂过程中，棘毛基部的毛基体由紧密聚集状态逐渐分离、瓦解和消失；背纤毛基体逐渐膨大，基体内的周围微管散开成梅花形，之后在相应皮层区发生由颗粒组成的条带形原基.（2）细胞形成包囊时，口围带、波动膜和额腹横棘毛等微管胞器经历了部分去分化的过程，伴随着细胞体的凝缩，其纤毛器相互聚集，定位于球形体包囊细胞腹面；背纤毛按原有模式排列，位于包囊细胞背面.（3）脱包囊过程中，细胞吸水膨大，细胞体分化成变形虫状并显示一致的弱荧光，但未见微管胞器的荧光图像；细胞通过包囊壁背面小孔脱囊而出，恢复成为正常形态的纤毛虫；此后，在细胞脱包囊后残留的包囊壁背壁尚保存有部分背纤毛的痕迹.根据所得结果推测,形态发生中，纤毛器微管对新结构的形成可能有物质联系或物质贡献；脱包囊时，细胞成变形虫状，其微管结构可能发生了解聚和再分化的过程.     

镰游仆虫Euplotes harpa无性分裂时期形态发生的研究

在显微和亚显微水平上,研究了镰游仆虫Ｅ．ｈａｒｐａ的形态结构及其在无性分裂时期的形态发生。对无性分裂期间各种纤毛器原基的起源和发育作了详细的观察和描述,着重注意了各种纤毛器原基的相互关系和发生的顺序性。同时,对基体在皮层上的“移动”及基体与“基体托架”的关系也作了研究和分析。     

美国赭纤虫纤毛器微管胞器的形态和形态发生

应用荧光紫衫醇(FLUTAX)标记异毛类纤毛虫美国赭纤虫(Blepharisma americanum)纤毛器微管胞器,结果显示：细胞形态发生中,后仔虫口器微管在皮层口围带后第一列体纤毛位置发生,前仔虫口器微管在老口围带位置形成;新的体纤毛在各个老体纤毛列中部两纤毛基体之间发生,此后新、老体纤毛共同组成为新仔虫的体纤毛...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.