三缸内燃式水泵的动力性仿真

针对传统的活塞式内燃机-柱塞泵系统的缺点,研制了三缸内燃式水泵(ICWP).阐述了三缸ICWP的工作原理,建立了系统的运动学、动力学模型,并对其动力性进行了仿真.与活塞式内燃机-柱塞泵系统相比,三缸ICWP输出压力全工况改善20.67%～87.67%,输出流量在全工况基本没有变化,有效功率全工况改善20.67%～87.67%.     

PFI汽油机油气混合过程三维瞬态数值模拟

以KIVA程序作为三维瞬态模拟软件,对进气道喷油式汽油机(PFI汽油机)采用闭阀喷射模式在3 500 r/min全负荷工况以及800 r/min怠速工况下单个工作循环内的油气混合过程进行了计算研究.计算表明两工况有着相似的燃油蒸气浓度分布状况,并且点火前时刻两工况下缸内的混合气浓度分布都比较均匀,空燃比的变化范围不大.计算还表明,800 r/min怠速工况下的燃油蒸发状况明显劣于3 500 r/min全负荷工况,该工况下气道内不仅存在附壁油膜,而且部分油膜不能在本循环完全蒸发,致使点火时刻缸内的燃油蒸气浓度明显低于3 500 r/min工况下的燃油蒸气浓度.     

高压直喷天然气发动机外特性燃烧及NO_x排放

以六缸增压中冷发动机为研究对象,采集不同工况下示功图并对NOx排放进行了测试,分析了外特性燃烧特性及排放随转速的变化规律.试验结果表明:在外特性整个转速范围内,瞬时放热率呈先急后缓的趋势,转速越高,瞬时放热率峰值越低;由于低速时滞燃期较长,因此天然气预混燃烧比例较大,各燃烧阶段分界较明显,转速升高到1 100r/min时,滞燃期明显缩短,天然气预混燃烧比例减小,扩散燃烧成为天然气主导的燃烧模式;转速小于900r/min时,NOx排放随转速升高而增加;转速在900~1 600r/min之间时,随转速升高而降低;转速高于1 600r/min时,NOx排放没有明显变化.     

汽油直喷发动机燃烧特性分析

通过试验研究了2.0 L汽油直喷(GDI)发动机在中、低转速和部分负荷下的燃烧特性,并与进气道喷射(PFI)发动机的燃烧特性进行了对比,同时分析了滚流比对GDI燃烧特性的影响.结果表明:在转速为2 000 r/min、平均有效压力为0.2 MPa的工况下,GDI发动机的燃烧速度要低于PFI发动机的;发动机在中、低转速工况下,提高气道滚流比可以增强缸内气流运动强度,提高混合气的燃烧速度;当发动机转速达到3 000 r/min时,高滚流比会引起燃烧过程恶化.进气道翻板的应用可以提高低转速发动机的气流运动速度,加快缸内混合气的燃烧,改善低转速发动机的热效率.在转速为2 000 r/min、平均有效压力为0.2 MPa工况下的计算流体力学分析结果显示,进气道翻板的关闭会增强缸内气流运动强度,提高可燃混合气分布的均匀性.     

共轨压力对柴油机噪声及声品质的影响

以某493型柴油机为例研究共轨压力的提高对发动机噪声及声品质的影响机理。对发动机转速1 600 r/min和2 600 r/min全负荷工况下不同共轨压力的发动机噪声和缸内压力进行试验测量,对比不同轨压下的发动机噪声和声品质客观评价指标,并通过燃烧噪声的分析对其影响机理进行研究。最后,从发动机结构衰减和燃烧噪声方面对降噪提出方案。研究结果表明:提高轨压后,发动机整机噪声增大,高频范围更加明显;噪声响度、粗糙度和尖锐度升高;主要原因是轨压的提升使滞燃期内产生更多的可燃混合气,使得缸内压力、高频振荡幅值、压力升高率和放热率增大,燃烧更剧烈,导致燃烧噪声变大,主要体现在高频范围。     

均质二甲醚/乙醇喷雾压燃的燃烧和排放特性

在改装的2-135柴油发动机上对进气道喷射二甲醚(DME)引燃直喷乙醇的燃烧特性进行研究,分析了燃料预混合率和负荷对缸内压力、放热率、压力升高率和排放等的影响.结果表明:在发动机转速1000 r/min,平均有效压力pBME=0.27、0.41 MPa的工况下,缸内燃烧过程包括DME的均质充量压燃和乙醇喷雾燃烧2部分,随着预混合率增加,DME冷焰反应后的燃烧相位不断提前,燃烧过程由2个阶段发展到4个阶段,而后变为3个阶段;与此同时,缸内压力增大,循环变动减小;排放物中NOx的体积分数随预混合率的变化趋势与负荷有关,在pBME≤0.33 MPa时,NOx的体积分数随预混合率的降低而减小,但pBME=0.41 MPa时,情况则正好相反.     

柴油机燃用小桐子油喷油及性能分析

通过发动机台架试验,在一台ZH11l5直喷式柴油机上直接燃用小桐子油,进行了喷油、燃烧以及排放试验.主要测量在标定转速为2 200r·min-1和最大转矩转速为1 760 r·min-1下的不同负荷的缸内燃烧压力、油管泵端压力以及NOx排放和烟度排放,并与燃用柴油时进行了对比分析.结果表明:小桐子油与柴油相比,相同工况...     

醇类汽油混合燃料发动机燃烧特性试验研究

在不改变汽油机参数的情况下,对汽油机燃用纯汽油和不同比例醇类汽油混合燃料的动力性、经济性和燃烧特性进行了对比试验研究.结果表明:与纯汽油相比,E10、M10的外特性输出功率和扭矩下降2%,M25下降7%;1800 r/min负荷特性下,E10、M10和M25的能耗率分别平均降低了3%、2.5%和5%;同一负荷工况下,E10、M10和M25的着火延迟期和燃烧持续期延长;同一负荷工况下,E10、M10和M25的缸内压力及其峰值降低且峰值推迟,E10和M25的缸内压力升高率降低,但M10的在低负荷时降低、中负荷时升高;同一负荷工况下,E10、M10和M25的缸内放热量及其峰值、瞬时缸内放热率峰值降低;同一负荷工况下,E10、M10和M25的燃烧循环变动程度增加.     

单缸电力约束活塞发动机运转平稳性仿真

论文建立了单缸ECPE运动系统动力学模型;列出了电力约束活塞发动机的运转平稳性评价指标,并对其运转不均匀度特性进行仿真,得到了转速n为1000r/min～2400r/min、油门开度α为30%—100%时的运转不均匀度特性曲线.     

重型矿用汽车多参数动力性换挡规律

基于矿用汽车载荷变化大、行驶环境多变、油门变化频繁的特点,依据重载爬坡和轻载下坡的典型工况,制定了重型矿用汽车多参数动力性换挡策略.利用函数叠加法建立康明斯QSL-FR91674型发动机全特性曲线,得到不同油门开度情况下发动机输出转速与输出转矩的表达式.根据发动机输出动力特性,计算得到3550型矿用汽车车速、油门开度和加速度三参数动力性换挡规律.再结合道路状况识别方法、车辆载荷、驾驶员操作意图,针对轻载下坡和重载爬坡工况,修正得到重型矿用汽车多参数动力性换挡规律.在Maplesim中建立换挡模型,通过仿真计算,得到修正前后车辆轻载下坡路况时挡位和车速变化曲线,后者避免了不必要的换挡,保证了车辆的动力性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to