肝素钠的精制及效价分析

采用过氧化氢二次氧化法精制肝素钠．在此过程中采用低温离心技术，解决了去除杂蛋白时沉淀不易滤除的问题．通过实验确立了酶解结合氧化法精制肝素钠的新工艺，克服了精品肝素钠纯化过程中残留杂蛋白难以除去的缺点．在粗品肝素钠溶液中加入胰蛋白酶对杂蛋白进行酶解，再结合氧化除杂，提高了精品肝素钠的效价和效价回收率．     

酶法结合膜技术制备高效价肝素钠的工艺研究

以肝素钠的效价为指标,以猪小肠黏膜为原料,从中提取抗凝血药物肝素钠,提出酶法结合膜技术提取肝素钠;并将纯化工程中的传统静态树脂吸附改为动态吸附,与传统工艺相比。在此工艺条件下,酶解后产品的效价提高了33%,最后收率可提高了34.7%。加入膜技术除去杂蛋白和核酸后,以效价衡量产品纯度,对比粗品提高了125%,对比精品提高了20%。     

应用大孔吸附树脂吸附分离技术制备菊苣酸的研究

考察了9种大孔吸附树脂对紫锥菊中菊苣酸的吸附分离性能,确定大孔吸附树脂吸附分离菊苣酸的工艺条件。结果表明AB-8树脂对菊苣酸有良好的吸附分离性能,其吸附分离菊苣酸的工艺条件为:质量浓度为3～4mg/mL,pH值为3的菊苣酸原料液以2mL/min的流速上柱吸附,再用6倍量树脂体积 (6BV)的30%乙醇以1mL/min的流速上柱进行解吸。AB-8树脂柱饱和吸附量可达18.0mg/mL,解吸率达90.2%。经AB-8树脂吸附分离,产品纯度达20.2%,纯度比紫锥菊初提物提高了近5倍。     

LSA-10型大孔树脂分离恒山黄芪总黄酮的吸附动力学

为探索LSA-10型树脂对于恒山黄芪总黄酮的吸附特性以及分离工艺.通过7种树脂的静态吸附解吸实验,确定大孔吸附树脂的选型,考察吸附动力学、吸附等温线,并确定该树脂分离黄酮的工艺.吸附动力学研究表明,吸附过程拟二阶模型比拟一阶模型能更好拟合LSA-10型树脂的吸附过程;吸附等温线研究表明,LSA-10型树脂对黄芪总黄酮的吸附最符合Langmuir等温吸附方程;LSA-10型大孔吸附树脂对黄芪中总黄酮分离的最佳条件:黄芪提取液的上样浓度0.5 mg/mL,上样体积为4 BV(床体积),上样流速3 mL/min,以8 BV、60％乙醇以2 BV/h的速度进行洗脱.LSA-10树脂对黄芪总黄酮的吸附能力显著大于其他成分,这种吸附能力的差异与验证实验相吻合.     

精细化工行业高盐、高浓度有机废水资源化处理集成技术

 针对高盐、高浓度有机废水处理过程,通过多类技术比选,推荐金属萃取法作为实现金属的回收与资源化再利用的技术、树脂吸附法作为有机物回收与资源化再利用的技术、高级氧化法作为实现有机物降解的技术、机械蒸汽再压缩（MVR）作为盐分回收与分离的技术,进而集成一套以“金属萃取法-树脂吸附法-高级氧化法-机械蒸汽再压缩”为主体工艺的高盐、高浓度有机废水资源化处理集成技术。     

从五种天然色素提取废渣中分离果胶的初步研究

以紫甘薯、黑胡萝卜、甜菜黄、紫甘蓝和甜菜红5种色素提取废渣为原料,基于酸提醇沉的实验方法,比较了活性炭吸附、双氧水氧化及大孔树脂吸附3种脱色方法对果胶得率、酸不溶灰分含量及外观色泽的影响。研究结果表明:大孔树脂吸附脱色法效果最好,且经济;甜菜红废渣的粗提液颜色最深,需要采用大孔树脂吸附/双氧水氧化协同脱色法脱色;甜菜黄、紫甘蓝和甜菜红3种色素废渣提取果胶收率较高;酒精沉淀后的果胶采用离心收集法优于250目滤布过滤法。     

大孔吸附树脂对柚皮甙的吸附分离

通过比较5种吸附树脂对柚皮甙的吸附能力,选择了对柚皮甙吸附能力较强,且容易洗脱的吸附树脂X-5,实现了柚皮甙的吸附分离.研究了提取液浓度、pH值、流速等因素对柚皮甙在该树脂上吸附的影响,同时考察了解吸时洗脱剂浓度、pH值、流速等因素对柚皮甙在吸附树脂上解吸的影响.研究结果表明:柚皮甙在X-5大孔吸附树脂的吸附行为可以用Langmuir方程进行描述;当提取液质量浓度为2.7 g/L时,树脂具有最大饱和吸附容量32.6 mg/g;pH值对其吸附影响较弱;当每小时通过的溶剂体积为树脂体积的2倍时,动态吸附时动态饱和吸附容量为23.8 mg/g;pH约为10、体积分数为60%的乙醇水溶液为最佳洗脱剂;当每小时通过的洗脱剂体积为树脂体积的1～2倍时,洗脱率可达85%以上.     

强碱性阴离子交换树脂吸附硫酸的初步研究

本文陈述了Dowex 1×8(100-200目),201×7(0.3-0.6mm)两种树脂对硫酸溶液中酸的吸附。初步结果为:①细目树脂为K_d值很小,粗粒树脂K_d值较大;②存在能与树脂基团进行交换的离子时,酸吸附减弱。     

树脂法提取链霉菌NG-715发酵液中抗真菌组分的研究

探讨树脂法提取链霉菌NG—715发酵液中抗真菌组分的工艺条件。采用3种大孔树脂吸附链霉菌NG—715发酵液提取液中抗真菌活性物质,选取最佳树脂进行吸附条件优化,以黑曲霉为指示菌测定抗真菌活性物质含量。结果 HP—10树脂吸附效果较好,其工艺条件为:1吸附前调节pH值至8.0;2树脂静态吸附15 h为佳;3吸附容量为686.79μg/g湿树脂;4最佳上样量与树脂比例为10∶1;5可用无水乙醇洗脱;6上样量与洗脱液体积比为2∶1;7最佳吸附流速为1.5 mL/min;8树脂可重复使用5次;9终产物纯度为53%。本研究为该菌所产抗真菌活性物质单体的进一步高效分离提供了有益的实验数据。     

大孔树脂吸附分离紫苏茎总黄酮的工艺研究

考察了大孔树脂对紫苏茎提取液中总黄酮的吸附性能,优化了吸附工艺参数。首先对D-101、AB-8、DM130、ADS-7和ADS-17共5种大孔树脂的静态吸附量和解析率进行了实验,选择AB-8为最佳吸附树脂;静态吸附表明,3h内吸附即可达到平衡。还考察了上样速率、上样质量浓度、洗脱液乙醇质量分数和洗脱速率对分离的影响,结果表明优化的条件为:上样速率为1BV/h,上样质量浓度为0.15mg/mL,洗脱液乙醇质量分数为70%,洗脱流速为2BV/h。在此条件下,总黄酮洗脱率为93.56%,总黄酮纯度可提高4.5倍。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the