复杂岩体边坡关键块体搜索及开挖支护

采用非接触摄影测量技术采集某高速公路工程边坡岩体的结构面信息,导入自行开发的GeoSMA-3D系统,建立该边坡三维数值模型,从几何学角度搜索出其关键块体.用三维离散元数值计算软件3DEC模拟该边坡工程的开挖过程以及锚索支护后的开挖过程.结果表明,本岩质边坡工程开挖后,引起岩体内部应力重分布,坡体有大范围的剪切塑性区,位移矢量、速度矢量大量集中在开挖面附近的节理上,矢量的方向偏向于临空面,并呈现逐渐增加趋势,整体稳定性较差,若不对边坡采取适当支护措施,必将发生边坡整体失稳破坏;在锚索支护后,边坡的潜在滑移面被控制,边坡整体处于稳定状态.     

顺坡陡-中倾角裂隙组合结构边坡稳定性分析

顺坡向倾外裂隙易与开挖坡面组合形成不利块体,严重威胁边坡稳定。以雅砻江中游某电站石料场顺坡向(后缘)陡倾裂隙-(中下部)中倾外裂隙组合结构边坡为例,通过勘探查明边坡长大结构面的延伸及组合,陡-中倾坡外裂隙的存在使可能的失稳模式为沿后缘陡裂张开的底面单面滑动。为评价边坡稳定性,针对Ⅱ区边坡进行了定性和定量分析,通过判断底滑面中岩桥的抗剪强度较大,定性分析认为边坡处于稳定状态;采用极限平衡法求出不同工况下开挖边坡安全系数,结果表明:开挖至高程2 165 m时,在天然、暴雨及地震工况下,边坡整体均处于稳定状态,开挖至高程2 110 m时,天然、暴雨工况下稳定,但安全浴度不足,而地震工况下处于临界稳定状态,同时分析了底滑面裂隙连通率对边坡稳定性的影响;采用三维离散元程序分别计算天然工况下边坡开挖至高程2 165 m和2 110 m时的力学响应特征。结果表明:边坡开挖至高程2 165 m时,沿顺坡裂隙发生侧向位移,开挖至2 210 m,位移增大,位移变形受后缘陡倾裂隙与坡体中下部顺坡向节理控制。研究成果可为边坡后续支护设计提供建议。     

某电站左岸坝头拉裂体稳定性三维极限平衡分析

某水电站左岸开挖边坡高度达500m,且存在变形拉裂岩体,边界条件复杂。根据边界条件,可能失稳的主要模式为楔体滑移破坏模式,存在模式A及模式13两种不同的滑块。计算分析合理选取参数,分别考虑了天然条件,降雨条件和VII度地震条件下滑体的稳定性,并对锚索的支护加固效果进行了复核。本次计算分析对边坡尤其是拉裂体稳定性计算分析具有指导性意义,对边坡的支护设计亦具有相当参考价值。     

广义Hoek-Brown准则在某非洲水电工程中的应用研究

基于广义Hoek-Brown准则,以某非洲大型水电工程为背景,探讨了该方法在低地应力地区节理岩体强度参数取值中的应用。在现场勘察和施工开挖面测绘数据基础上,对比分析了相同围压条件下该方法估算获得的岩体强度参数同现场原位试验的岩体强度参数,结果基本吻合,说明广义Hoek-Brown准则估算岩体强度参数可以满足工程计算需要。应用广义Hoek-Brown准则估算的隧洞和边坡岩体的强度参数,对坝址区引水隧洞K0+209.0 m断面及右岸坝肩边坡开挖过程模拟分析,结果显示的隧洞顶拱位移及隧洞平顶效应与现场相符。边坡开挖后表层岩体产生轻微卸荷回弹,最大值为第二级和第三级边坡4.7 mm,边坡整体稳定性好。     

雅砻江某水电站右坝肩边坡缓倾角断层发育特征及其对于边坡稳定性的影响

雅砻江某水电站右坝肩边坡发育有一组顺河向倾坡外缓倾角断层,其具有延伸较长,发育密度较大,性状差等特点,对右坝肩边坡岩体结构及坡体的变形有较为明显的控制作用。因此,查明其分布范围、性状等发育特征,分析其变形破坏模式,进而评价边坡稳定性,同时针对性地提出支护处理建议。     

超载作用下土质边坡失稳与破坏模式分析

影响边坡失稳的因素众多而且繁杂,超载作用是诱发土质边坡失稳的主要因素之一。基于强度折减有限元法对土质边坡进行了不同坡面超载作用下的稳定性计算,并分析了在坡面加载变化时边坡稳定性的变化规律及其潜在滑动面的失稳破坏形式。研究表明:坡面超载作用下土质边坡可能会触发边坡失稳破坏,坡面加载方式不同,边坡失稳破坏模式不同,破坏模式可能会由整体失稳转化为局部失稳。     

陡倾顺层边坡地下开挖失稳模式分析

为了探究陡倾顺层边坡在地下开挖工况下的失稳模式,进行陡倾顺层边坡的地下开挖相似模型试验,并通过离散元软件(universal distinct element code,UDEC)数值模拟分析与相似模型试验互相验证,以极限平衡法为理论基础提出该失稳模式的稳定性分析方法,并以相似模型试验验证方法的可行性。试验结果表明,陡倾顺层边坡开挖后,其开挖区上方岩体将沿岩层层面发生剪切滑动,并导致边坡坡面产生塌陷,可见其失稳模式为"滑塌"破坏。通过计算边坡模型潜在滑塌岩体的抗滑力和下滑力,定义安全系数为其比值,得其安全系数为0.66。该稳定性分析方法可为边坡安全性评价提供新思路。     

缙云抽水蓄能电站节理岩体边坡开挖稳定性综合评价

边坡稳定性一直是工程建设中重点关注的问题,在边坡开挖前需要进行详尽的研究.针对缙云抽水蓄能电站开关站边坡开挖工程,通过现场勘查、室内试验、运动学分析、极限平衡分析和离散元模拟等手段,对边坡的岩体结构特征、岩体质量、边坡变形破坏模式和稳定性进行了详细研究,结果表明:①开关站边坡岩体完整性中等到好,岩体质量中等,满足作为开关站建设要求;②运动学分析显示边坡开挖后可能的破坏模式为平面滑动、楔形体滑动和倾倒变形模式;③极限平衡分析表明开挖后边坡安全系数较高,边坡整体较为稳定的,发生大规模滑动的可能性较低;④离散单元模拟结果显示边坡开挖后在坡顶近地表块体有发生剪切变形的可能性,而台阶开挖处块体可能发生局部拉张破坏,在施工中应及时采取有效的支护和预防措施.本研究成果可以为类似的抽水蓄能电站边坡开挖稳定性评价提供方法参考.     

苗尾水电站坝肩岩体倾倒变形程度分级体系

苗尾水电站坝址区地处澜沧江褶断体系东部近直立紧密型复式褶皱上,由千枚状绢云板岩及变质砂岩构成的坝肩岩体倾倒变形较为强烈,形成规模较大的倾倒变形岩体。本文通过对倾倒变形岩体的岩层倾角变化、拉张量、卸荷变形、风化特征、波速特征的详细分析,建立了倾倒变形岩体的变形程度分级体系,为苗尾水电站坝址的选择及坝肩开挖提供科学依据。     

底摩擦模型模拟露天转地下开挖采空区影响下边坡变形破裂响应特征及其稳定性

以云南磷化集团晋宁磷矿6号坑口东采区深部缓倾斜中厚磷矿层露天转地下开采为工程背景,利用底摩擦模型实验仪,进行了不同露天坑境界顶柱厚度边坡高度下的底摩擦模拟模型实验.结果表明:边坡的变形破坏响应特征可分为边坡岩体小范围微破裂和松动→边坡岩体局部范围失稳破坏→边坡岩体整体向采空区滑落失稳破坏三个阶段,边坡岩体变形破坏模式主要是采动边坡岩体向采空的拉裂、破断和滑移破坏.在边坡高度一定情况下,随着露天境界顶柱的厚度由30 m逐渐减小到20 m和10m,边坡的稳定性与境界顶柱的厚度呈正比关系,20～30m是露天境界顶柱比较合理的厚度.在境界顶柱的厚度一定情况下,边坡高度由60 m增大到108 m,边坡的稳定性与坡高的厚度呈反比关系,108 m边坡转入地下开采后是不稳定的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.