仿生人工骨修复材料研究

骨缺损修复材料是临床需求量最大的生物医用材料之一.自体骨和异体骨移植的局限性使得研发优异的人工骨修复材料意义重大.通过模仿天然骨本身的成分、结构特性及生物矿化过程,对材料的组成、结构进行设计与调控,可以获得新型仿生人工骨修复材料,这已成为生物材料发展的主要趋势之一.文中概述了仿生人工骨修复材料的研究进展,重点介绍本课题组的相关研究,即类骨微纳米磷酸钙矿物的仿生合成、生物医用高分子仿生纳米纤维支架的制备和具有多级孔结构的自固化磷酸钙基骨修复材料的构建.     

细菌纤维素组织工程支架的仿生矿化研究

骨骼创伤已经成为当今影响人类健康的一大病症。因此,骨修复材料就成为研究的一大热点。骨组织工程支架作为重要的骨修复材料,可以诱导成骨细胞生长并为新骨生长提供条件。传统的骨组织工程支架包括合成高分子(如聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸等)和天然高分子(如胶原、壳聚糖等)。与传统支架材料相比,细菌纤维素(BC)具有良好的生物相容性、精细的纳米空间三维网络结构,有作为组织工程支架的潜能。通过仿生矿化处理,BC纳米纤维表面可以生长出羟基磷灰石(HA)的晶体颗粒,且HA颗粒均匀覆盖在纳米纤维表面。通过热分析得出,仿生矿化处理会使BC的热稳定性得到一定的提升。     

纤维基支架在骨和软骨组织再生中的应用

组织工程对于骨和软骨组织缺损的修复具有广阔的发展前景。在组织工程三要素之一的支架中,纤维基支架由于具有较大的比表面积、相互连通的多孔结构以及与天然细胞外基质相似等优势,在骨和软骨修复中展现出巨大的应用潜力。纤维支架的成型通常基于静电纺丝法、热致相分离法、自组装肽法和溶剂热法,血管化和软骨再生是此类支架在临床应用上面临的主要挑战。通过仿生天然骨和软骨组织的复杂结构、综合多种技术手段在结构和功能上设计纤维基三维多孔支架将是改善骨和软骨组织工程支架修复效果的主要发展方向。     

三维微流道支架直接压印成形方法

针对软质生物材料支架内部三维微结构成形难题,提出了结合分层制造、微压印与冷冻干燥技术的三维微流道支架直接压印成形方法.通过开发自动化成形设备,实现了材料溶液填充、微结构压印、结构预冻、层间黏结等工艺过程的可控化,从而解决了传统手工操作所造成的结构重复性差、成形效率低等问题.研究了模具表面等离子处理、亲水物质添加、改变溶液填充方式等工艺对自动化成形过程中微结构复型性能的影响.结果表明,向材料溶液中添加微量亲水物质并辅助溶液填充引导,可实现软质水溶性天然生物材料内部复杂微流道结构的精确三维压印成形.通过工艺装备保证了成形过程的自动化和稳定性,从而实现了支架微结构制造的可重复性与可控性.     

三种仿生人工骨内部微细结构的对比研究

提出一种采用基于快速成形的立体编织技术来制造纤维增强复合材料仿生人工骨的方法，制造的三种仿生人工骨内部的纤维分别被铺设成螺旋、正交和同心结构，其中正交结构和同心结构人工骨的内部纤维可以被精确地安置在设计位置上，根据犬桡骨缺损修复实验过程中的X光片、组织切片和成分对比等内容，研究了人工骨内部不同的纤维结构对促进成骨和人工骨降解的影响，研究发现，在骨修复初期三种仿生人工骨都能提供一定的机械性能，但是随着时间的推移，螺旋结构人工骨的降解量最小，同心结构人工骨的成骨量最高，说明由壳聚糖、骨形态发生蛋白和磷酸钙盐等制成的纤维增强型人工骨具有良好的骨传导和骨诱导作用，其中同心结构人工骨具有最佳的成骨作用，其内部纤维结构相对最优。     

层状仿生生物活性人工软骨植入体的数字散斑相关分析

制备了一种仿生层状人工软骨/骨复合植入体,可将软骨植入体与宿主软骨的连接转变为骨-骨的界面结合,提高植入软骨固定效果.采用数字散斑等方法对仿生层状人工关节软骨/骨复合植入体的生物力学性能进行研究,比较了松质骨,PVA/骨复合体以及PVA-BG复合体在不同载荷作用下的位移变化,并从微观变形角度探讨了人工软骨/骨复合植入体中软骨层厚度对缓冲内部应力的作用.     

磷酸钙与胶原双相多级仿生骨组织工程支架研究

磷酸钙与胶原是天然骨组织的重要组成成分,介绍了一种仿生设计磷酸钙与胶原双相复合的多级仿生骨组织支架.采用双氧水发泡技术精确定制磷酸钙支架孔结构,结合真空灌注胶原以及仿生矿化技术,构建磷酸钙,胶原双相多级仿生骨组织支架,材料的孔结构及化学组分可实现定制设计.通过对支架材料测试表征,结果显示,这种无机/有机/无机多级仿生支架材有良好的力学性能.材料的体外细胞实验结果证实,这种多级仿生支架材料具有良好的生物相容性.     

肝组织工程支架的微制造工艺

通过模拟自然肝脏的内部微结构，对肝组织工程支架进行仿生设计，构建了有利于人工肝向自然肝转化的肝支架孔洞与管道系统．结合光固化和微压印工艺制造了肝支架的硅橡胶模具，通过微复型工艺成型出生物可降解的壳聚糖／明胶复合肝支架．实验表明，普通光固化和掩膜光固化工艺可以实现最小尺度为200μm的微结构制造，精密光固化工艺不仅可以在同一模具上制造出具有良好复型精度和边缘特征的肝细胞孔洞（200-300μm）和血管管道（100-200μm），而且还可以制造出具有半通透功能的微管道（13．1～30μm）．因此，提出的微制造方法能成型出复杂的肝组织工程支架系统，可保证多种肝脏细胞的有序分布，并且为组织工程肝脏支架材料微观结构的模拟提供了参考．     

人体下颌骨的ANSYS受力分析

人体下颌骨替代物的设计制造一直是人们关注的一个研究焦点。现有的人体下颌骨替代物的制造主要是医生根据患者的下颌骨外形对成品的钛板或钛网进行手工弯制,但由于钛材料的刚性过大,造成一定的应力屏蔽,不能对填充自体骨实现有效的应力传递,导致骨重建失败。所以,寻求新的下颌骨替代物的仿生设计及制造方法非常必要。而仿生设计算先要掌握人体下颌骨的受力状况。文中首先建立了人体下颌骨的ANSYS模型,然后用ANSYS对人体下颌骨进行了受力分析,获得了应力应变分布云图,并对结果进行了分析讨论,该研究为人体下颌骨替代物的仿生设计提供了一定的理论依据。     

上海硅酸盐所在3D打印生物陶瓷支架表面微纳米结构调控骨-软骨一体化修复研究方面取得重要进展

正骨-软骨缺损是临床常见疾病。由于软骨和软骨下骨具有不同的生理功能和微结构,因而骨-软骨及其界面一体化修复极具挑战。中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所研究员吴成铁与常江带领的研究团队在前期研究中,提出了利用多种无机活性离子的共同作用诱导骨-软骨一体化修复的思想,并设计了一系列不同组成成分的(Li,Mn,Sr,Si离子等)3D打印生物陶瓷支架,并有效地对兔子骨-软骨缺损进行一体化修复(Adv. Funct. Mater., 2014, 24:4473-4483. Adv.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.