4Cr5MoSiV1钢稀土软氮化工艺及应用研究

研究了稀土及稀土加入量、共渗温度、共渗时间对共渗层厚度、表面硬度及其分布的影响。结果表明,稀土加入能明显加快共渗速度,缩短共渗时间、特别是扩散层硬度,使硬度梯度下降;渗层组织改善,过渡层中碳化物、氮化物细小弥散。生产应用表明,该工艺处理铝合金压铸使用寿命提高两倍。     

低温稀土硼共渗研究

研究了钢在加稀土氧化物Ｌａ２Ｏ３,于低温（Ａ１相变点以下）下进行固体稀土硼共渗的工艺及渗层的组织与性能。探讨了稀土对低温渗硼的催渗作用。结果表明,低温稀土硼共渗,可使钢件表面获得实用的渗硼硬化层。与单一渗硼相比,稀土硼共渗后渗层的硬度、耐蚀性显著提高,而脆性明显下降。     

球铁曲轴稀土软氮化工艺的研究

笔者研究了稀土对球铁曲轴软氮化工艺及渗层硬度分布的影响.结果表明:加入稀土对球铁曲轴软氮化有明显的催渗作用,软氮化时间可缩短30%; 稀土催渗后,渗层硬度梯度趋向平缓.稀土催渗浮的球铁曲轴使用寿命提高10%.     

稀土添加剂对感应加热渗硼的影响

使用超音频加热电源进行感应加热渗硼,研究稀土在感应加热渗硼中的作用.结果表明:在功率P=3900 W,感应加热时间t=8 min,感应间隙a=19.5 mm时,渗硼层为共晶渗硼结构.硬度测试为软硬相配组织,渗层厚度423.4 μm;在硼稀土二元共渗试验中,发现添加氯化镧时,其渗硼层厚度增加10%以上,并且渗硼层的组织更密,硬度下降趋于缓慢     

稀土元素对粉末渗硼渗层深度的影响

本文研究了不同稀土含量对粉末渗硼层深的影响。试验结果表明,粉末渗硼剂中加入稀土元素均有催渗作用,并存在一个起明显催渗作用的最佳值。本章分析了稀土含量对渗硼过程动力学及表层硬度的影响,对稀土催渗机理进行了探讨。     

渗硼对球墨铸铁组织和耐磨性能的影响

为了提高球墨铸铁件的使用性能和使用寿命,对球墨铸铁进行了固体渗硼处理实验。利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了渗硼层的厚度和渗硼层的组织,并测定了渗硼层的显微硬度,研究了渗硼对球墨铸铁耐磨性的影响。结果表明：球墨铸铁经渗硼处理后,其渗硼层由Fe2B单相组成,渗硼层呈齿状嵌入基体中。渗硼层的厚度随时间延长而增加。球墨铸铁经渗硼处理可获得较高的表面硬度,可达6.49 GPa。渗硼处理能明显改善球墨铸铁的耐磨性,是球墨铸铁的相对耐磨性的2.45倍。     

硼碳共渗剂中木炭作用的研究

本文研究了以渗硼为基的固体硼碳共渗处理。结果证明,木炭对渗硼有一定的催化作用。当共渗剂中的木炭和硼铁含量控制适当时,可获得性能较好的Fe_2B单相渗层;而且渗层增厚,过渡区增加,使硬度梯度减缓,硼化物层的脆性降低。此外,共渗剂的生产成本下降,提高了经济效益。     

Cr12钢表面渗硼层的摩擦磨损性能研究

为获得渗硼工艺参数对Cr12钢表面摩擦磨损性能的影响规律,采用浆料包渗法在Cr12钢表面制备渗硼层,对试样获得的渗硼层进行组织结构观察和摩擦磨损性能测试,研究供硼剂含量、渗硼温度及保温时间对渗硼层摩擦磨损性能的影响,并对试验结果进行分析讨论,结果表明:随着硼剂含量、渗硼时间和渗硼温度的增加,摩擦系数增大,耐磨性提高.     

耐火砖模具的稀土高浓度渗碳

在煤油渗剂中添加微量稀土元素对A3钢耐火砖模具进行稀土高浓度渗碳 ,可使渗速加快 ,渗层碳浓度增高 ,层深尤其是过共析 共析层深度增加 ;渗层硬度较高且硬度梯度较缓 ;渗层组织中的碳化物数量增多 ,且呈细小颗粒状弥散分布。生产实践表明 ,经该工艺处理的耐火砖模具 ,使用寿命可比常规气体渗碳处理的提高2— 3倍。     

燃料成形机推进片磨损分析及表面强化研究

实验分析表明.燃料成形机原推进片易磨损的主要原因是表面硬度相对较低;磨损机理为硬磨粒反复犁沟挤推塑变剥落。在此基础上研究的球铁推进片稀土硼共渗强化工艺能提高推进片使用寿命5倍以上.图9,参3。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.