改性PDMS/PVDF复合膜对丙烷/氮气分离性能研究

以相转化法制备的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)多孔膜为底膜,聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为分离层膜材料,涂覆法制备了PDMS/PVDF平板复合膜.将PVDF底膜进行等离子体接枝处理,提高PVDF底膜与PDMS选择层的结合力.研究了体系温度,压力,原料气的组成等因素对复合膜分离性能的影响.随着体系温度升高,丙烷(C3H8)的渗透通量减小,而氮气(N2)的渗透通量增大.随着体系的压力增大,C3H8的渗透通量增加,N2的渗透通量几乎不变,分离因子增大.原料气中C3H8的含量增加,渗透通量增大,分离因子也增加.在温度为25℃,压力为0.3MPa,混合气中C3H8含量为10mol%时,制备复合膜的渗透通量为1.625×10-2(c.cm-2.s),分离因子为21.56.     

中空纤维复合膜气体分离性能的研究

本论文制备了用于有机蒸汽正庚烷/氮气分离的PDMS/PS,PDMS/PAN,PDMS/PVDF复合膜.研究了PS,PVDF基膜热处理温度和时间对复合膜的分离性能的影响.结果表明：PDMS/PS复合膜的渗透速率和分离因子均随热处理温度的升高而降低,PDMS/PVDF复合膜在393.2K下有最佳分离性能.     

管式聚二甲基硅氧烷/陶瓷复合内膜的制备及其渗透汽化应用

采用浸渍-提拉法在多孔管式陶瓷支撑体内表面制备完整无缺陷的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)膜层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、渗透汽化(PV)性能测试等手段,研究支撑体孔径和涂膜时间对管式PDMS/陶瓷复合内膜的形貌和分离性能的影响。同时,考察丁醇-水体系中料液温度、料液中丁醇含量对管式PDMS/陶瓷复合内膜渗透汽化性能的影响,并对膜的渗透汽化长期稳定性进行了研究,将复合内膜的渗透汽化性能与复合外膜进行了比较。结果表明:复合膜均匀完整,有良好的过渡层。支撑体孔径较大的复合膜,其渗透通量更高。随涂膜时间的延长,膜厚依次增加,渗透通量下降,分离因子升高;随料液中丁醇含量增加,通量逐渐上升,分离因子先升高后下降;随操作温度的升高,通量和分离因子都有所增加。在料液温度为40℃、丁醇质量分数为1.5%的条件下连续运行180h,膜渗透总通量高达1 050 g/(m~2·h),选择性可达30。     

聚合物溶液黏度对PDMS/PVDF复合膜微结构及渗透汽化性能的影响

采用不同黏度的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)溶液制备平板聚二甲基硅氧烷/聚偏二氟乙烯(PDMS/PVDF)复合膜,并比较膜对乙醇/水混合物的渗透汽化性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、接触角分析仪等表征手段研究聚合物溶液黏度对膜微结构的影响。结果表明:聚合物溶液黏度为90 mPa·s时制备的复合膜分离性能最佳,当进料温度为313 K时,膜对5%乙醇水溶液的通量可达761 g/(m2·h),分离因子为9.1。     

支撑体结构对聚二甲基硅氧烷复合膜界面结合行为的影响

渗透汽化性能及结构稳定性是复合膜的重要评价指标。采用纳米划痕技术原位表征分离层与支撑体的界面结合强度。以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)化合物作为膜材料,详细考察管式多孔陶瓷支撑体粗糙度及孔径对PDMS复合膜界面结合强度及渗透汽化性能的影响。结果表明:陶瓷支撑体粗糙度为1μm,平均孔径为200nm,制备的复合膜结构稳定性及渗透汽化性能最佳,临界载荷为27mN,当进料温度为40℃时,膜对1%丁醇水溶液的通量可达1139g/(m~2·h),分离因子为22。     

渗透汽化法分离水溶液中低质量分数的乙酸乙酯

为了降低乙酸乙酯工业生产的能耗,提高产品收率,进行渗透汽化法分离水溶液中低质量分数乙酸乙酯的研究.采用实验室自制的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)/陶瓷复合膜,考察乙酸乙酯的质量分数和原料液温度对渗透汽化性能的影响.研究发现,当原料液中乙酸乙酯的质量分数为7%、温度为50℃时,膜的渗透通量和分离因子分别达到8.7 kg/(m2·h)和38.1.在分离因子相当的前提下,聚二甲基硅氧影陶瓷复合膜的渗透通量与其他报道的膜材料相比具有明显的优势.     

n-SiO_2填充PEBAX/PAN复合膜渗透汽化分离吡咯

以气相纳米二氧化硅(n-SiO_2)为填充物,制备了均质膜、填充膜、复合膜、填充型复合膜四种分离膜。通过溶胀实验考察填充膜的吸附性能,渗透汽化实验考察填充型复合膜对吡咯/正庚烷二元混合体系的分离性能,采用FT-IR和XRD、SEM对膜进行表征。四种分离膜中,填充型复合膜的分离性能最佳。当填充量为1 wt%时,膜的综合分离性能最佳,料液温度为30℃,料液浓度为5 000μg/g时,总渗透通量为3.47 kg/(m~2·h),分离因子最大为14.56,渗透汽化综合性能得到很大的提高。这项工作可以为渗透汽化分离汽油中氮化物提供有益的参考。     

用于分离二甲苯异构体的MFI型分子筛膜的制备

以无模板剂二氧化硅溶胶为前驱体,用二次生长法在已浸渍分子筛种子层的α-氧化铝支撑体上制备MFI型分子筛膜,采用X射线衍射法、扫描电子显微镜和气体渗透实验表征分子筛膜的性能,研究了单组分和双组分二甲苯异构体在氧化铝支撑分子筛膜的渗透汽化分离性能.结果表明:在50℃和10 h下,二甲苯异构体单组分的渗透汽化通量按对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯的顺序依次减小;单组分的对二甲苯/邻二甲苯和对二甲苯/间二甲苯的分离因子可分别达到67和46,双组分的分别可达到29和42;单组分的对二甲苯和邻二甲苯的通量分别为7.41×10-4和0.11×10-4mol/(m2.s);双组分混合物中对二甲苯和邻二甲苯的通量分别为3.58×10-4和0.086×10-4mol/(m2.s).说明此分子筛膜适于渗透汽化分离二甲苯异构体.     

分子印迹中空纤维复合膜对异丙醇/水体系的渗透汽化

以聚砜(PSF)中空纤维超滤为基膜,二苯甲酰-L-酒石酸(L-DBTA)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,采用表面热聚合方法制备了L-DBTA印迹中空纤维复合膜。该复合膜对异丙醇/水体系具有很好的分离效果,对于w=0.20和0.50的异丙醇/水体系,经过一次浸膜制得的L-DBTA分子印迹复合膜的分离因子分别为2 400和5 690,通量分别为1 440 g/(m2.h)和551 g/(m2.h);对于w=0.95的异丙醇/水体系,浸膜液浓缩一倍,经过两次浸膜制得的L-DBTA分子印迹复合膜分离因子可达82 100,渗透通量可达739 g/(m2.h);对于异丙醇/水体系,通过实验,获得了L-DBTA分子印迹复合膜与一般渗透汽化膜相反的分离规律:料液温度升高,L-DBTA分子印迹复合膜的渗透通量下降;随着料液浓度的升高,分离因子出现最大值时的温度逐渐升高。     

中空纤维复合膜分离正己烷/氮气的研究

制备了用于正己烷/氮气分离的PDMS/PVDF中空纤维复合膜.分析讨论了原料气压力、流速、原料气中正己烷浓度、透过侧压力及操作温度等因素对气体分离性能的影响.在一定的操作条件下,当原料气中正己烷质量分数为14.6%时,正己烷的渗透速率为1.4E-07 mol/（m2.s.Pa）,分离因子可达90左右.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.