壳聚糖复合膜渗透化法分离乙醇／水混合物

将壳聚糖 (CS)和聚乙烯醇 (PVA)混合物涂到聚丙烯腈 (PAN)中空纤维内表面 ,通过适当的交联制成壳聚糖复合膜。研究了乙醇水液体混合物在膜中的渗透汽化性能 ,讨论了料液浓度、温度对膜分离性能的影响。结果表明 ,CS PVA/PAV膜具有优异的渗透选择性能 ,当料液乙醇含量为 95wt%时 ,6 0℃和 70℃渗透通量为 310g/(m2 ·h)和 433g/(m2 ·h) ;分离因子为 116和 12 7,渗透通量与温度呈Arrhenius关系     

壳聚糖-海藻酸钠/聚丙烯腈聚离子复合膜渗透汽化分离乙酸乙酯水溶液

制备了壳聚糖-海藻酸钠/聚丙烯腈(CS-SA/PAN)聚离子复合膜,将此膜用于渗透汽化分离乙酸乙酯水溶液.用红外光谱(FT-IR)表征CS、SA、CS/SA均质膜.研究CS-SA/PAN聚离子复合膜的溶胀性、料液浓度和SA质量分数、操作温度对乙酸乙酯水溶液脱水效果的影响.实验表明:CS/SA聚离子均质膜在乙酸乙酯水溶液中的溶胀度随溶液中水质量分数的增加而增大,随SA的质量分数增加而减小,40 ℃、SA质量分数为2.0%时,CS/SA聚离子均质膜在乙酸乙酯质量分数为97%的水溶液中溶胀度可达51%.随着SA质量分数的增加,CS-SA/PAN聚离子复合膜的渗透通量减小,分离因子增大,40 ℃、SA质量分数为2.0%时,分离乙酸乙酯质量分数为97%的水溶液,CS-SA/PAN聚离子复合膜渗透通量可达348 g/(m2·h),分离因子为7 245.随着料液中水含量的增加和料液温度的升高,膜渗透通量增大,分离系数减小,渗透通量与料液温度的关系能较好地吻合Arrhenius方程.     

管式聚二甲基硅氧烷/陶瓷复合内膜的制备及其渗透汽化应用

采用浸渍-提拉法在多孔管式陶瓷支撑体内表面制备完整无缺陷的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)膜层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、渗透汽化(PV)性能测试等手段,研究支撑体孔径和涂膜时间对管式PDMS/陶瓷复合内膜的形貌和分离性能的影响。同时,考察丁醇-水体系中料液温度、料液中丁醇含量对管式PDMS/陶瓷复合内膜渗透汽化性能的影响,并对膜的渗透汽化长期稳定性进行了研究,将复合内膜的渗透汽化性能与复合外膜进行了比较。结果表明:复合膜均匀完整,有良好的过渡层。支撑体孔径较大的复合膜,其渗透通量更高。随涂膜时间的延长,膜厚依次增加,渗透通量下降,分离因子升高;随料液中丁醇含量增加,通量逐渐上升,分离因子先升高后下降;随操作温度的升高,通量和分离因子都有所增加。在料液温度为40℃、丁醇质量分数为1.5%的条件下连续运行180h,膜渗透总通量高达1 050 g/(m~2·h),选择性可达30。     

PVA-PFSA/PAN渗透汽化膜强化乙酸乙酯酯化脱水及工艺过程模拟

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)中空纤维超滤膜为底膜,以酒石酸(Tac)为交联剂,制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)与全氟磺酸(PFSA)共混复合膜,并用于乙酸乙酯-水、乙酸乙酯-乙醇-水溶液的脱水研究。考察了分离乙酸乙酯-水二元溶液时,料液温度和含水量对复合膜分离性能的影响;40℃下分离含水2%(质量分数,下同)的乙酸乙酯水溶液时,其总渗透通量81.1 g/(m2.h),分离因子为1 890;考察了复合膜用于分离乙酸乙酯-乙醇-水(质量比90∶2∶8)三元溶液时,料液温度的影响及脱水效果。结果表明:40℃时复合膜对三元溶液的总渗透通量可达251.0 g/(m2.h),此温度下,只需12 h就可将含8%初始水的三元溶液脱水至4.66%。PVA-PFSA/PAN渗透汽化膜对乙酸乙酯体系的脱水效果良好,可应用于强化乙酸乙酯酯化生产工艺。利用Aspen Plus 11.1软件对工艺流程进行了模拟,结果表明:在同等操作条件下,渗透汽化膜强化酯化工艺流程相对于普通的反应精馏,提高了乙酸乙酯的单程收率和原料的转化率,简化了乙酸乙酯生产流程。     

n-SiO_2填充PEBAX/PAN复合膜渗透汽化分离吡咯

以气相纳米二氧化硅(n-SiO_2)为填充物,制备了均质膜、填充膜、复合膜、填充型复合膜四种分离膜。通过溶胀实验考察填充膜的吸附性能,渗透汽化实验考察填充型复合膜对吡咯/正庚烷二元混合体系的分离性能,采用FT-IR和XRD、SEM对膜进行表征。四种分离膜中,填充型复合膜的分离性能最佳。当填充量为1 wt%时,膜的综合分离性能最佳,料液温度为30℃,料液浓度为5 000μg/g时,总渗透通量为3.47 kg/(m~2·h),分离因子最大为14.56,渗透汽化综合性能得到很大的提高。这项工作可以为渗透汽化分离汽油中氮化物提供有益的参考。     

渗透汽化法分离水溶液中低质量分数的乙酸乙酯

为了降低乙酸乙酯工业生产的能耗,提高产品收率,进行渗透汽化法分离水溶液中低质量分数乙酸乙酯的研究.采用实验室自制的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)/陶瓷复合膜,考察乙酸乙酯的质量分数和原料液温度对渗透汽化性能的影响.研究发现,当原料液中乙酸乙酯的质量分数为7%、温度为50℃时,膜的渗透通量和分离因子分别达到8.7 kg/(m2·h)和38.1.在分离因子相当的前提下,聚二甲基硅氧影陶瓷复合膜的渗透通量与其他报道的膜材料相比具有明显的优势.     

醋酸纤维-(S)-萘普生分子印迹复合膜的制备及分离性能

以多孔醋酸纤维膜为支撑体制备醋酸纤维-(S)-萘普生分子印迹复合膜;研究萘普生模板分子与丙烯酰胺单体摩尔比及成膜溶剂种类等对分子印迹复合膜的膜通量、膜选择结合性以及膜分离选择性等的影响。研究结果表明:当萘普生模板分子与丙烯酰胺单体的摩尔比为1/10时,以四氢呋喃为成膜溶剂,在光引发条件下制得的醋酸纤维-(S)-萘普生分子印迹复合膜对萘普生和酮洛芬具有较好的分离性能;在25℃时,醋酸纤维-(S)-萘普生分子印迹复合膜的膜通量达19.7 L/(m2.h),萘普生/酮洛芬的结合选择性因子1α为2.8,萘普生/酮洛芬的分离选择性因子2α为5.6。     

中空纤维复合膜水中脱酯渗透汽化过程的研究

制备了聚二甲基硅氧烷/聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维复合膜,用于乙酸乙酯/水体系的分离。研究了料液温度、质量浓度及流速对渗透汽化分离性能的影响,并获得了总传质系数。实验结果表明,该复合膜具有较高的渗透通量及较大的分离因子;随着料液温度、流速以及质量浓度的增加,渗透通量均呈增加趋势;分离因子随料液温度和流速的增加而增大,而随料液质量浓度的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势;总传质系数随温度的增加而显著增大。     

CHA分子筛膜用于DMF渗透汽化脱水研究

将氧化钇稳定型氧化锆(YSZ)中空纤维载体上制备的CHA分子筛膜用于二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)渗透汽化脱水,系统考察了进料水含量和操作温度对膜分离性能的影响,并研究了CHA分子筛膜渗透汽化的长期稳定性。结果表明:膜的渗透水通量随进料水含量和操作温度的升高而增加;对于质量分数为10.0%水/DMF溶液,当操作温度为75℃时,CHA分子筛膜的初始渗透水通量和分离因子分别为5.7 kg/(m~2·h)和1 180;DMF分子在CHA分子筛膜表面和孔道内的吸附阻碍了水的渗透,膜的渗透水通量逐渐下降并在24 h后稳定在1.0 kg/(m~2·h)左右,渗透侧水质量分数稳定在99.0%以上。     

中空纤维SAPO-34分子筛膜的制备及渗透汽化性能

采用二次生长法在α-Al_2O_3四通道中空纤维支撑体外表面合成SAPO-34分子筛膜,用于渗透汽化脱水分离。考察操作温度对分子筛膜渗透汽化性能的影响,并研究渗透汽化过程中膜结构性能的稳定性。结果表明:采用球磨晶种诱导合成出了高质量的SAPO-34分子筛膜,75℃下膜在异丙醇(90%)-水(10%)体系中,分离因子达到3 600,渗透通量为3.34 kg/(m~2·h);在乙醇(90%)-水(10%)体系中,膜的分离因子最高为419,渗透通量为1.19kg/(m~2·h)。SAPO-34分子筛膜具有良好的渗透汽化分离稳定性和耐酸性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with