大轴圆度误差分离的独立分量分析方法

文章介绍独立分量分析的基本理论和算法,提出在大轴圆度误差的三点法测量中应用独立分量分析进行误差分离,可降低对测量系统结构精度、测头布置及测头间夹角精度的要求。采用基于负熵的独立性判决准则的FastICA算法,对三点法测量模型进行仿真,结果表明,基于独立分量分析的圆度误差分离技术比传统的频域法和时域法均简单、实用及高效。     

角位移和线位移圆度误差分离技术的比对分析

分析了采用角位移三点法和线位移三点法测量工件圆度误差时，两种方法权函数的频域特性：谐波抑制特性、测量系统权函数总体特点性对噪声的敏感特性。结果表明，角位移三点法存在0阶、1阶谐波抑制，且该测量系统的权函数有高通特性，这些特性不利于提高属于低频信号范围的圆度误差的测量精度，但有助于抑制测量噪声对圆度误差分离精度的影响。     

一种曲轴轴径圆度误差测量系统

将三点法圆度误差分离技术推演到两点法, 有效分离了圆度误差和回转体误差,设计了两点法测量系统的软硬件. 实验结果表明,该系统速度快,精度较高.     

圆度误差检测的实时控制方法

介绍了求解圆度误差的三点误差分离原理及其方程的推导和一种在Windows系统下的进行数据采集、数据分析的方法。并把这种方法与三点圆度误差分离原理相结合，运用于实际圆度误差检测系统中，解决了在DOS系统下进行圆度误差检测可视化性不好和操作不便的不足．     

提高三点法测量精度的研究

目的 研究进一步提高三点法测量圆度及轴系运动误差精度的方法。方法 分析了测头读数及角位置误差对圆度各次谐波及圆周各点测量精度的影响,提出了三点法测量系统的优化策略与算法,研究了三点法测量误差的分布与传递规律;提出了克服测头定位误差以及３个测头的灵敏度不一致影响的软件校正方法。结果 圆度各次谐波的最大测量误差相对于传统三点法减小６７％,圆度及其各次谐波的测量不确定性明显降低。结论 该方法能明显提高三     

大直径工件测量误差的理论探讨

目前,对于中小直径工件的圆度误差,有一些比较成熟的测量方法。对于大直径(通常为2～5m)工件的圆度误差的测量,还处于探索阶段。本文依据误差理论按照三点法测量圆度误差的方法,对大直径工件的圆度误差的测量进行了探讨,推导出用弓高仪测量圆度误差的公式。该公式对生产有一定的实际意义。     

基于ICT图像的工件壁厚和圆度误差测量

研究基于工业计算机断层成像技术（ICT）图像的工件壁厚和圆度误差测量方法．首先采用Facet模型对ICT图像进行边缘提取,其次采用Freeman链表法将边缘图像中待测壁厚的工件内外壁边缘或待测圆度误差的工件近似圆边缘跟踪出来,最后通过求取内壁链表各点到外壁链表各点的最小距离的平均值得到工件壁厚,或通过最小区域法求得工件圆度误差．通过对仿真和实际的ICT图像进行实验表明：该方法能够准确地求得ICT图像中工件截面的壁厚和圆度误差,特别适合测量工件中封闭内腔的壁厚和内孔的圆度误差．该方法可用于工件制造质量控制,也可用于逆向制造中工件几何尺寸的测量．     

基于ICT图像的工件壁厚和圆度误差测量

研究基于工业计算机断层成像技术（ICT）图像的工件壁厚和圆度误差测量方法．首先采用Facet模型对ICT图像进行边缘提取,其次采用Freeman链表法将边缘图像中待测壁厚的工件内外壁边缘或待测圆度误差的工件近似圆边缘跟踪出来,最后通过求取内壁链表各点到外壁链表各点的最小距离的平均值得到工件壁厚,或通过最小区域法求得工件圆度误差．通过对仿真和实际的ICT图像进行实验表明：该方法能够准确地求得ICT图像中工件截面的壁厚和圆度误差,特别适合测量工件中封闭内腔的壁厚和内孔的圆度误差．该方法可用于工件制造质量控制,也可用于逆向制造中工件几何尺寸的测量．     

在三点法中应用Kn评定园度误差

目前,我国某些工矿企业,在缺少用园度仪测量园度误差的情况下,采用三点法(即V形铁法),可以迅速评定园度误差,此方法简便、明睁清晰。 本文,对常用幅值反应系数计算式进行了探讨,对三点法测头示值的福氏级数方程进行了分析;建立了棱园方程与测头示值方程的通式,求出了在不同的V形角时,棱园幅值畸变系数k_n的平均放大倍率K;从而、找出迅速计算园度误差的简便方法。     

圆度误差评定与测量不确定度计算

为了更准确地评定圆度误差及测量不确定度,根据圆度特点,提出实数编码改进遗传算法求圆度误差最小区域解,基于蒙特卡洛法评定测量不确定度.通过对零件实测计算,结果表明采用实数编码的改进遗传算法不仅省去了重复的编码解码,而且算法简单、优化效率高,蒙特卡洛法计算不确定度与传统GUM方法相比不受直接测量量相关性的限制,而且受问题条件限制的影响小,使不确定度评定简单化.采用改进遗传算法和蒙特卡洛法能够更加准确高效地评定圆度误差和测量不确定度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-