利用酸性末端产物气相色谱分析判定产氢细菌

利用气相色谱分析液相末端产物，对于区分细菌类型和指导制氢反应器的启动运行都具有十分重要的意义．采用实验室配制的专用于分离厌氧发酵细菌的HPB-LR培养基，利用改进后的Hungate厌氧滚管技术和培养瓶平板法，从生物制氢反应器厌氧活性污泥中分离出3株具有代表性的产氢细菌，即R3、R120、RL37；还有一株非产氢细菌fuLl6．同时以乙醇型发酵混合茵作对比．对它们的酸性末端产物进行了气相色谱分析，结果表明，厌氧发酵反应器中的微生物发酵产物主要有乙醇、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸和乳酸．发现3株产氢细菌的酸性末端产物中的乙醇、乙酸的分布占挥发酸总量比例可达99．0％～100．0％，为典型的乙醇型发酵；而分离到的1株非产氢菌RL16，其酸性末端产物的乙醇、乙酸之和的质量分数几乎相当于丙酸的质量分数，为丙酸型发酵；尽管产氢细菌和混合污泥存在着生理代谢上的差异，主导代谢类型没有发生改变，仍然为乙醇型代谢．可以得出结论，利用气相色谱分析从制氢反应器分离出的细菌培养物的液相末端产物，可以初步判断细菌的代谢类型．如果乙醇和乙酸占液相末端产物质量分数的95．0％～99．0％，可以认为该细菌是发酵产氢细菌。     

Ethanoligenens harbinense R3的培养特性与产氢机理

从连续流生物制氢反应器中分离出一株乙醇型产氢细菌Ethanoligenens harbinense R3,进行培养及产氢效能实验.采用间歇培养,研究了初始pH值和温度对发酵产氢细菌R3的产氢效能,产氢细菌R3为嗜中温发酵细菌,温度为30 ℃时,产氢代谢酶活性较高,最大产氢量为1 862 mL/L.采用不同的发酵基质,对R3以红糖、淀粉以及糖蜜废水进行产氢实验,结果表明,产氢细菌R3能够利用这些底物进行细菌自身的营养和能源需要,进而利用这些有机物进行产氢,但是对淀粉产氢代谢的作用较低.     

活性污泥制氢系统中发酵细菌的分离与鉴定

分离鉴定高效产氢发酵细菌是发酵发生物制氢技术的重要前提,利用Hungater技术与宽体窄颈培养瓶平板技术,以及LM-1和HPB-LR培养基分离鉴定厌氧发酵产氢细菌获得六株产氢细菌,葡萄糖是他们最适宜的底物.他们的产氢代谢为乙醇发酵型.产氢细菌发酵液相末端产物分析表明乙醇和乙酸占其总代谢产物的95?%.生理生化和形态学特征分析表明它们属于一种特殊的微生物类群.16SrDNA碱基序列分析表明它们可以划分为新的种属.     

UASB生物制氢反应系统生物强化作用研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,以糖蜜废水为底物,利用厌氧活性污泥发酵产氢.向反应器中投加高产氢微生物产酸克雷伯氏菌HP1,探讨了生物强化作用对反应器产氢能力的影响.研究表明:在污泥接种量为30.0 gVSS/L、启动负荷为6.0 kgCOD/(m3·d)、水力停留时间(HRT)为9 h、投菌量为3%的条件下对生物制氢系统进行强化,可使反应系统产氢能力提高25%,并形成丁酸型发酵产氢,液相末端发酵产物中丁酸和乙酸的含量占挥发酸总含量的63%以上,气相中氢气含量在40%～52%之间,最大产氢量达4.52 L/d.     

表征发酵产氢活性污泥效能的碘硝基四唑紫-比脱氢酶活性及其检测

目前,评价有机废水发酵法生物制氢系统产氢效能的指标,一般采用挥发性景浮固体fMLVSS)与总悬浮固体(MLSS)的比值(MLVSS/MLSS)、MLVSS的比产气(氢)速率及COD去除率等参数,但均存在不同程度的缺陷.为寻求评价发酵制氢活性污泥系统产氢效能的合理指标,以脱氢酶检测的碘硝基四唑紫(INT)法为基础,以发酵产氢系统的絮状活性污泥为样品,确立并优化了INT-比脱氢酶活性的检测与计算方法,并对比脱氢酶活性与发酵制氢系统的产氢效能进行了相关性分析.结果表明,INT-比脱氢酶活性检测的适宜条件是:在容积为10 mL的离心管中.先后加入一定浓度的污泥样品0.3 mL、19.8 mmol/L INT溶液1 mL、pH5乙酸钠缓冲剂1.5 mL.45℃暗处振荡反应30 min;反应终止剂选用98%的浓硫酸,萃取溶剂为无水乙醇,438 nm测定吸光度;检测污泥样品(MLVSS,挥发性悬浮固体)浓度可以在3.5～12.5 g,L范围内选定.絮状发酵产氢活性污泥的INT-比脱氢酶活性与比产氢速率非常高度相关,可以客观准确地反映厌氧生物制氢系统污泥的产氢活性.     

马铃薯发酵产氢的菌株培养基改良研究

为了促进马铃薯发酵产氢,研制了改良培养基驯化产氢菌株并使用淀粉生物酶降解马铃薯.将活性污泥煮沸后作为产氢菌株的接种体富集培养,使用Cl-代替SO42-改良传统培养基消除了传统发酵产氢的启动滞留期(约12h),单位最大产氢速率从703.4mL/(g·d)提高到800.5mL/(g·d),最大产氢潜力从205.2mL/g增加到218.2mL/g.通过a淀粉酶和糖化酶处理进一步提高了马铃薯的发酵产氢能力,单位最大产氢速率进一步提高到944.7mL/(g·d),最大产氢潜力进一步提高到267.2mL/g.生物气中氢气的体积分数为43%～69%,无甲烷.     

一株产氢产乙酸菌的生长条件及产乙酸特性

在参与有机废水厌氧生物处理的各类微生物菌群中,产氢产乙酸菌群在功能生态位上起着承上启下的作用,对产氢产乙酸过程的强化,将有助于提高厌氧生物处理系统的效能。在前期研究中,通过丙酸和丁酸混合培养基,从厌氧活性污泥中筛选到一株双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterim)的产氢产乙酸菌AX3。间歇培养试验结果表明,菌株AX3可在pH7.0、30℃条件下获得最佳增殖,不仅对丁酸和丙酸具有很高的乙酸转化率,同时也可发酵多种双糖和淀粉,并产生一定数量的乙酸。作为氮源,氯化铵比尿素更能有效地促进菌株AX3的增殖。     

pH值对产氢细菌Ethanoligenens harbinense YUAN-3的影响

以产氢发酵细菌Ethanoligenens harbinense YUAN-3为研究对象,通过间歇产氢实验,考察不同pH值对YUAN-3生长和产气的影响.研究结果表明在含有缓冲体系的培养基初始pH值为7.0时,细胞干重达到最大,为0.59 g/L-培养基.在初始pH值为6.0时,平均产氢速率和比产氢率都达到最大,分别为5.75 mmolH2/g-CDW.h和2.32 molH2/mol-葡萄糖.YUAN-3具有一定的耐酸性能,在中性和弱酸性范围能够保持一定的产氢和生长能力,适合作为工程菌株投加到生物制氢反应器中.     

高效选育产氢光合细菌的研究

降解有机废水转化太阳能为氢能是一条理想制氢途径 .为使选育的菌株实用性更强 ,本文选用有机废水主要降解产物—乙酸为唯一氢供体 ,在自然生态环境条件下 ,利用紫色非硫细菌培养基 ,紫色硫细菌培养基和绿硫细菌培养基 ,从不同的水域环境中进行了产氢光合细菌的筛选 .从影响太阳能转化效率主要因素出发 ,本文对分离纯化的 1 5株光合细菌进行形态学特征研究基础上 ,着重进行了最适生长温度、光合色素成分、利用硫化物能力和耐盐能力的测定 ,并将其分为 4个类群 .在对每组细菌初筛基础上 ,本文对选育出的 8个菌株进行了生长动力学测定 ,其中Z ,SP2 ,R3,Y7菌株能利用乙酸快速生长 .对其产氢动力学研究表明 ,这些菌株均具有光合放氢活性 ,其中Z菌株产氢得率最高 .在含有 2 0mmol·L-1 乙酸钠和 5mmol·L-1 谷氨酸钠的培养基中 ,其产氢得率为 3 0 8.9ml·g-1 .这 4个菌株生理生态特性完全不同 ,且能利用乙酸光合放氢 ,在有机废水光合制氢技术中具有重要的潜在应用价值 .     

糖蜜的可发酵性与制氢条件

为了提高糖蜜的可发酵性和氢转化率,采用批式发酵法研究了糖蜜前处理过程和发酵条件对Ethanoligenens sp B49生长和产氢的影响。结果表明去除煮沸驱氧过程可以大大提高Ethanoligenens sp B49发酵糖蜜产氢的性能和糖蜜的氢转化率。Ethanoligenens sp B49细胞生长和产氢的最佳COD为20.6g/L,可发酵糖蜜的最大耐受COD为41.2 g/L,酵母粉可以大大提高糖蜜的生物可利用性和比产氢率。COD为20.6g/L,外加酵母粉浓度为4g/L是Ethanoligenens sp B49发酵糖蜜产氢的最佳条件,单位体积产氢量达到78.97mmolH2/L培养基,比对照提高了76.2%。本研究改进糖蜜发酵前处理方法和发酵条件,可以大大提高了糖蜜制氢的生物可发酵性和比产氢率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.