活性污泥制氢系统中发酵细菌的分离与鉴定

分离鉴定高效产氢发酵细菌是发酵发生物制氢技术的重要前提,利用Hungater技术与宽体窄颈培养瓶平板技术,以及LM-1和HPB-LR培养基分离鉴定厌氧发酵产氢细菌获得六株产氢细菌,葡萄糖是他们最适宜的底物.他们的产氢代谢为乙醇发酵型.产氢细菌发酵液相末端产物分析表明乙醇和乙酸占其总代谢产物的95?%.生理生化和形态学特征分析表明它们属于一种特殊的微生物类群.16SrDNA碱基序列分析表明它们可以划分为新的种属.     

UASB生物制氢反应系统生物强化作用研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,以糖蜜废水为底物,利用厌氧活性污泥发酵产氢.向反应器中投加高产氢微生物产酸克雷伯氏菌HP1,探讨了生物强化作用对反应器产氢能力的影响.研究表明:在污泥接种量为30.0 gVSS/L、启动负荷为6.0 kgCOD/(m3·d)、水力停留时间(HRT)为9 h、投菌量为3%的条件下对生物制氢系统进行强化,可使反应系统产氢能力提高25%,并形成丁酸型发酵产氢,液相末端发酵产物中丁酸和乙酸的含量占挥发酸总含量的63%以上,气相中氢气含量在40%～52%之间,最大产氢量达4.52 L/d.     

生物制氢系统产氢菌的富集培养与分离技术

从生物制氢反应器中富集、分离培养发酵产氢细菌并发挥其最大产氢能力，可以提高高浓度有机废水制氢系统的产氢性能。采用活性污泥混合培养发酵反应器和设计培养基研究产氢菌的富集培养和分离。将连续流发酵法生物制氢系统的运行参数调整如下：pH值为4．0～4．2，温度为35～38℃，氧化还原电位（ORP）为-100mV，反应器运行40～50d，使之达到产氢最佳的乙醇型发酵阶段，初步富集以产氢菌为优势群落的活性污泥；以葡萄糖、果糖和麦牙糖为碳源，以蛋白胨和牛肉膏为氮源，设计HPB—LR培养基，严格厌氧条件下，可以有效地富集培养产氢发酵细菌。采用改良Hungater技术、厌氧管斜面法和平板培养瓶厌氧技术等3种厌氧培养技术分离培养产氢菌效果最佳。获得产氢菌94株，这些菌株经过筛选鉴定，获得3株高效产氢菌。这些菌株为发酵法生物制氢工程提供了宝贵的微生物种质资源。     

玉米秸秆厌氧生物发酵制氢的特性研究

以玉米秸秆作为发酵底物,牛粪堆肥作为菌种来源,进行了30 L规模生物发酵制氢的特性研究.主要对底物发酵过程产氢途径进行分析,由液相末端发酵产物确定发酵类型.通过检测实验过程中发酵液的成分,分析了产氢的影响因素,并提出了持续稳定产氢的适宜方法.实验结果显示,玉米秸秆厌氧发酵制氢为丁酸型发酵,产氢反应过程中产氢量与微生物的生长特性紧密相关.     

预处理方法对细菌降解玉米秸秆产氢能力的影响

为提高细菌降解玉米秸秆产氢能力,实验研究了酸化汽爆预处理、硫酸预处理、氢氧化钠预处理和氨水预处理4种预处理方法对细菌Clostridium sp.X9降解玉米秸秆发酵产氢能力的影响.结果表明,酸化汽爆为最佳的预处理方式.在酸化汽爆预处理条件为硫酸体积分数1%、汽爆温度121℃和汽爆时间2 h时,纤维素降解产氢细菌Clostridium sp.X9利用酸化汽爆玉米秸秆产氢获得的最大产氢率和玉米秸秆降解率分别为6.4 mmol/g和47.8%.液相代谢末端产物主要为丁酸、乙酸和乙醇.     

Ethanoligenens harbinense R3的培养特性与产氢机理

从连续流生物制氢反应器中分离出一株乙醇型产氢细菌Ethanoligenens harbinense R3,进行培养及产氢效能实验.采用间歇培养,研究了初始pH值和温度对发酵产氢细菌R3的产氢效能,产氢细菌R3为嗜中温发酵细菌,温度为30 ℃时,产氢代谢酶活性较高,最大产氢量为1 862 mL/L.采用不同的发酵基质,对R3以红糖、淀粉以及糖蜜废水进行产氢实验,结果表明,产氢细菌R3能够利用这些底物进行细菌自身的营养和能源需要,进而利用这些有机物进行产氢,但是对淀粉产氢代谢的作用较低.     

ASBR中加载活性炭对葡萄糖厌氧发酵产氢的影响

在初始pH值为6.0、温度为60℃、水力停留时间(HRT)分别为48,24,16,12h条件下研究了粗、细活性炭载体的添加对厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)利用葡萄糖厌氧发酵产氢的影响.结果表明添加活性炭载体能使ASBR系统运行更加稳定(出水pH值和氢气产量波动较小),提高氢气产率(葡萄糖产生的氢气的物质的量)和产氢速率(反应器单位有效体积产生的氢气体积).HRT为48,24,16,12h时细活性炭生物载体的添加使得ASBR反应器氢气产率分别提高65%,63%,54%,56%.HRT为12h时添加细活性炭的ASBR产氢速率达到最大,为(7.09±0.31)L.(L.d)-1,相应的氢气产率为(1.42±0.03)mol.mol-1.主要代谢产物为乙醇、乙酸、丙酸和正丁酸,其中乙酸和正丁酸占出水溶解性代谢产物的质量分数分别高达30%～34%和46%～66%,是典型的丁酸型发酵,加载活性炭可以提高ASBR反应器出水溶解性代谢产物质量浓度.     

通气提高Klebsiella oxytoca HP1发酵产氢

研究了Klebsiella oxytoca HP1在不同通气条件下的生长和放氢特性．批式发酵实验结果表明：通氩气放氢效果最好，通二氧化碳放氢效果最差．提高氩气通气速率能显著提高产氢量。0．25L／Lmin条件下的产氢量达到1155mL是不通气时的2．41倍，但通气也影响延迟期的长短。氩气通量应该与微生物生长阶段相匹配．代谢产物分析表明：K．oxytoca HP1呈混合酸发酵特性，主要代谢产物有乙酸、乙醇、乳酸和2，3-丁二醇，氩气通气速率明显影响丙酮酸节点的代谢途径和通量，从高通气条件到不通气条件，代谢主要途径按乙酸途径→乙醇途径→乳酸途径的次序转变，通气速率是K．oxytoca HP1发酵产氢的重要调控因子．     

厌氧接触发酵制氢反应器的启动和运行特性

以稀释糖蜜为底料,探讨了厌氧接触反应设备用于连续流发酵制氢的可行性,考查了其启动运行特性.以污水好氧生物处理系统的剩余污泥为种泥,反应器在污泥接种量9.3 g(MLVSS)/L、进水COD 5 000 mg/L、HRT 8 h和系统温度(35±1)℃等条件下启动,30 d后达到稳定运行状态,乙醇和乙酸之和的质量百分数,占液相末端发酵产物总量的69.8%,呈现典型的乙醇型发酵特征.在稳定运行阶段,系统的pH值、碱度、氧化还原电位分别维持在4.8,460 mg/L,-305 mV左右,平均产气速率和产氢速率分别达到33.2和13.4 L/d.厌氧接触发酵制氢反应设备,呈现出良好的产氢性能和运行稳定性.     

发酵液中总碳与总氮对产氢菌释氢行为的影响

利用间歇试验研究了碳氮比对发酵产氢细菌B49产氢性能的影响．结果显示氮源在发酵液中的含量对B49的产氢能力和生长动态有着显著的影响．最佳的B49生长和产氢能力碳氮体积比V(C)：V(N)为3：1，发酵产氢代谢产物以乙醇和乙酸为主，当V(C)：V(N)值设定在2．5左右时，葡萄糖利用率最高，基本趋势是随着总有机氮量的增加，终pH值逐步下降．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.