对撞增强腔和LiF晶体实现稳定的被动锁模

理论分析LiF:F~-_2色心晶体的能级结构,计算其激发态吸收的饱和光强,指出基态恢复时间为纳秒量级的LiF实现被动锁模的可能性．利用对撞增强腔Nd:YAG激光器实现LiF晶体的锁模激光输出,获得平均能量为11．8mJ,稳定性大于98％的锁模单脉冲序列．     

多量子阱InGaAsP实现Nd:YAG激光器被动锁模

采用InGaAsP多量子阱作为可饱和吸收体,以及Nd∶YAG激光器的耦合输出镜,实现1.06μm激光的被动锁模运转.当激光器腔长为115 cm时,在平凹腔结构中获得平均脉宽23 ps、能量7 mJ的单脉冲序列;在平凸腔结构获得平均脉宽21 ps、能量10.5 mJ的单脉冲序列.比较平凹腔和平凸腔结构的Nd∶YAG激光器的锁模效果,并根据样品结构和可饱和吸收体被动锁模理论,分析半导体多量子阱材料InGaAsP实现被动锁模的机理.     

超短脉冲“8”字形被动锁模掺铒光纤激光器

利用非线性放大环形镜被动锁模方法对锁模光纤激光器进行实验研究,引入色散管理方法,实现了"8"字形掺铒光纤激光器的自启动被动锁模,在1 550 nm波段上得到了光谱宽度16 nm、脉宽为1.77×10 13s的超短脉冲输出.泵浦功率在300 mW时,激光器实现了重复频率为19.7 MHz,平均输出功率12 mW的锁模脉冲输出.整个激光腔为全光纤结构,而且操作简单,锁模输出状态下的激光器可以在光学平台上稳定运行数小时.     

Cr~(4+)∶YAG被动调Q与被动锁模的研究

分析Ｃｒ４＋∶ＹＡＧ晶体对１．０６μｍ激光的可饱和吸收特性．从速率方程出发，导出基态和第一激光态反转Ｃｒ４＋粒子数密度的变化率、第一和第二激发态的饱和光强．由此得出Ｃｒ４＋∶ＹＡＧ的第一激光发态的饱和吸收只能实现调Ｑ，而第二激发态的饱和吸收可以导致锁模．在同一台脉冲式Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光器中用Ｃｒ４＋∶ＹＡＧ晶体作为可饱和吸收体．改变腔长和其它实验条件，既可实现被动调Ｑ运转，得到脉宽２０ｎｓ、能量１２５ｍＪ的巨脉冲输出；又可实现被动锁模运转，得到脉宽１９０ｐｓ、能量３５ｍＪ的锁模脉冲序列     

一种全自动调节的锁模光纤激光器

通过在非线性偏振旋转环形腔中引入一种全光纤化的角度可调的起偏器,简化了被动锁模光纤激光器的结构,通过调节环形腔内的光纤起偏器和1/4波片的角度就能够实现锁模脉冲的输出。基于此简化结构,引入基于单片机的触发反馈电路,控制偏振片和波片的旋转状态,实现了腔内锁模脉冲的自动调节输出,得到平均功率为8mW的、重复频率为5.6 MHz的全自动锁模脉冲稳态输出。     

9 W级高功率SESAM锁模Nd∶YVO_4激光器

通过LD端面泵浦Nd∶YVO4晶体,以半导体可饱和吸收镜(SESAM)作为被动锁模器件,利用ABCD传输矩阵法和MATLAB软件设计具有良好热稳定性和超大稳区的X-型五镜折叠谐振腔,实现了高效率和高功率的连续稳定锁模运转.在泵浦功率30 W时得到1 064nm波长最大9W的稳定锁模输出,脉冲重复频率为108.28MHz,脉宽为9.53ps,对应最大单脉冲能量84.04nJ,激光器的斜效率达到31.7%.以此为种子源放大可直接获得百瓦级高功率锁模激光输出.     

由内腔倍频直接获取高功率皮秒准单脉冲

描述采用ＢＢＯ非线性晶体,在被动锁模共焦非稳腔Ｎｄ：ＹＡＰ脉冲激光器中实现高效腔内倍频,倍频能量转换效率为８０％。     

LD端面泵浦Nd:YAG/MWCNT被动调Q锁模激光特性研究

本文首次研究了以多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）为饱和吸收体,Nd:YAG被动调Q锁模激光器的输出特性。激光器连续光（CW）和调Q锁模（QML）运转平均输出斜效率分别为35.7%和14.9%。实验得到的调Q包络重复频率在45.2~128.8 kHz范围内变化。最短调Q包络脉冲宽度为95 ns,仅包含10个锁模脉冲。最高调Q包络单脉冲能量和锁模脉冲单脉冲能量分别为14.6和1.31 μJ。锁模脉冲宽度约为461 ps,相应的最高峰值功率为2.84 kW。     

σ形腔自起振被动锁模掺铒光纤激光器

分析了利用非线性偏振旋转效应进行被动锁模的原理,并利用该方法搭建了σ形腔自起振被动锁模掺铒光纤激光器。实验稳定输出重复频率6．25MHz,脉冲宽度,691．2fs,中心波长1561．5nm,谱宽21.7nm的被动锁模脉冲。     

Gr^4＋：YAG被动调Q锁模的理论研究

介绍了其饱和吸收特性，并从速率方程出发分析了Gr^4＋：YAG运转在调Q、锁模的条件，给出了第二激发态的饱和光强的数值大小，得到如下结论：当入射光较弱，功率密度不足以使激发态饱和，Gr^4＋：YAG仅仅起到调Q的作用；当入射光很强，激光腔内的功率较高的时候，激发态吸收饱和，满足被动锁模的条件，可以实现被动锁模．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-