加压条件下两段法天然气催化氧化制合成气催化剂的改进

以α Al2O3为载体,在加压条件下,采用初湿浸渍法制备了镧助Ni/α Al2O3部分氧化重整催化剂和负载型钙钛矿型LCFM/α Al2O3燃烧催化剂,考察了反应温度、压力、CH4与氧配比等因素对两段法甲烷催化氧化制合成气性能的影响。结果表明,在两段法催化氧化制合成气工艺中采用LCFM/α Al2O3燃烧催化剂和镧助Ni/α Al2O3部分氧化/重整催化剂,能够消除反应热点,降低反应的危险性。当温度为1000℃及体系压力为2MPa时,甲烷转化率约为85%,CO和H2的选择性接近90%,与热力学平衡值十分接近;增加原料气中的氧含量,可以提高甲烷的转化率,但CO和H2选择性随之降低。     

加压条件下两段法天然气催化氧化制合成气催化剂的改进

以α-Al2O3为载体，在加压条件下，采用初湿浸渍法制备了镧助Ni／α-Al2O3部分氧化-重整催化剂和负载型钙钛矿型LCFM／α-Al2O3燃烧催化剂，考察了反应温度、压力、CH4与氧配比等因素对两段法甲烷催化氧化制合成气性能的影响。结果表明，在两段法催化氧化制合成气工艺中采用LCFM／α-Al2O3燃烧催化剂和镧助Ni／α-Al2O3部分氧化／重整催化剂，能够消除反应热点，降低反应的危险性。当温度为1000℃及体系压力为2MPa时，甲烷转化率约为85％，CO和H2的选择性接近90％，与热力学平衡值十分接近；增加原料气中的氧含量，可以提高甲烷的转化率，但CO和H2选择性随之降低。     

合成甲醇铜基催化剂上助催剂与铜原子相互作用对CO活化效应的量子化学

应用电荷自洽离散变分X_近似计算方法,对周期表ⅣA～ⅧA族中各选一个过渡金属助催剂离子M~(n+)(=V~(3+),Ti~(3+),Fe~(3+),Mn~(2+),Mo~(4+))与合成甲醇铜基催化剂铜相互作用的本质及其对CO活化的效应进行量子化学研究,计算结果表明:以碳端基吸附在提出的含助催剂的铜基催化活性原子簇中心结构模型Cu_4MO的~1Cu上CO_得到助催剂M~(n+)的协合吸附,进一步减少了CO的键级;助催剂与催化剂铜间轨道的相互作用,影响铜的价态,增加金属d电子的反馈,改变吸附CO的态密度,从而促进CO的活化,文中还对比了不同助催剂,对CO的活化效应。     

由甲醇与丙酮合成甲基乙烯基酮铜基催化剂的研究

用连续流动微型反应一色谱装置评价由甲醇与丙酮合成甲基乙烯基酮（ＭＶＫ）铜基催化剂。研究了载体、助催剂、反应温度及时间对催化性能的影响。结果表明，以ＳｉＯ２为载体并添加Ｃｒ２Ｏ３和ＫＯＨ助催剂，ＭＶＫ选择性大大提高，催化性能也较稳定。用ＸＰＳ分析催化剂表面发现铜的化学状态是Ｃｕ＋，认为Ｃｕ２Ｏ是催化剂活性相组份并使甲醇脱氢为甲醛，后者是生成ＭＶＫ的关键中间物。     

甲醇制氢Cu60Zn30Al10催化剂的制备与性能

以Cu60Zn30Al10催化剂为研究对象，考察催化剂的制备条件和还原方法对催化性能的影响。结果表明：并流共沉淀法制备的催化剂适宜的焙烧温度是450—550℃；对甲醇催化氧化重整反应，用H2还原和用甲醇和水蒸汽还原所得催化剂的活性及反应诱导期基本相同；但对甲醇水蒸汽重整反应，用H2还原时催化剂的活性较好，反应诱导期短。     

K2O对Pt/γ-Al2O3上CO选择性氧化反应的助催效应

采用等体积浸渍法制备Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂,通过添加K2O考察其对改善富氢气氛中CO选择性氧化性能的影响.结果表明,当加入K2O的质量分数为0.034,且采取在负载Pt后再添加的方式时,可显著改善催化剂的低温活性,在120 °C时CO转化率可达90%.降低富氢气中CO浓度有助于提高CO转化率.O2/CO增加也可提高CO转化率,但O2/CO的增加并不能提高CO氧化的选择性.为了同时得到CO高转化率和CO氧化高选择性,O2/CO(V∶V)为1.0～1.8.用BET、XRD和CO-TPD等表征方法说明了K2O的助催效应.     

甲醇气相羰基化反应的影响因素研究

采用Ni/AC催化剂,在加压固定床反应器上,考察了反应温度、反应压力、CO分压、CH3I含量、催化剂镍负载量对甲醇气相羰基化反应的影响规律,并且考察了水蒸汽对羰基化反应的影响。结果表明:反应条件对催化剂活性以及产物选择性影响较大。当n(CH3OH)/n(H2O)=3.06时,副产物二甲醚的选择性由不加水的28.4%下降至25.8%,乙酸的选择性由2.5%提高到4.4%,羰基化产物收率增加了1.8%。水蒸汽的引入不仅抑制甲醇脱水产物二甲醚的产生,而且促进了目的产物乙酸的生成。     

Co-Mo_2C/AC催化剂催化甲醇水蒸气重整的性能

本文研究Co掺杂Mo_2C/AC(AC为活性炭)催化剂的催化甲醇重整制氢性能。利用粉末X线衍射仪(XRD)、比表面积分析仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对Co掺杂Mo_2C/AC催化剂进行分析表征。结果表明:适量Co的掺杂可以提高甲醇水蒸气重整后产物中H_2的含量和甲醇转化率,掺杂1%Co时催化剂活性最高。在焙烧温度为725℃,负载量为10%时,催化甲醇水蒸气重整制氢效果最佳。当反应温度为450℃,甲醇溶液质量分数10%,液时空速为2 h-1时,甲醇转化率接近100%,催化产物中H2约占70%,CO控制在1%左右。     

K2O对Pt／γ—A12O3上CO选择性氧化反应的助催效应

采用等体积浸渍法制备Pt／γ—Al2O3催化剂，通过添加K2O考察其对改善富氢气氛中CO选择性氧化性能的影响。结果表明，当加入K2O的质量分数为0．034，且采取在负载Pt后再添加的方式时，可显著改善催化剂的低温活性，在120℃时CO转化率可达90％。降低富氢气中CO浓度有助于提高CO转化率。O2／CO增加也可提高CO转化率，但O2／CO的增加并不能提高CO氧化的选择性。为了同时得到CO高转化率和CO氧化高选择性，O2／CO(V：V)为1．0～1．8。用BET、XRD和CO—TPD等表征方法说明了K2O的助催效应。     

燃料电池氢源——双段固定床优化乙醇重整制氢

为优化燃料电池氢源,设计了双段固定床制备氢气.利用共沉淀法合成了两组催化剂(NiO/ZnO与CeO2/ZnO催化剂、Ni/γ-Al2O3与Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂),研究表明双段固定床可显著提高乙醇水蒸汽重整在中低温条件下制备氢气的选择性,在350℃时分别由原来的56.27%和56.52%上升至58.23%和58.37%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-