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1.
LI Huili LUE Bingnan WANG Dan LIU Xinyue 《武汉大学学报:自然科学英文版》2007,12(3):548-552
An expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor was adopted to study the influence factors and rule of enhancing granular sludge concentration and performance. The experiment was performed at 33 ℃, pH 6.0-8.0 with continuous flow by adding proper quantity of nutritional trace elements. The results show that SLR was the key of steady operation of EGSB reactor. The increment of the granular sludge was influenced by volume loading rate (VLR), liquid up-flow velocity and sludge loading rate (SLR). Concentration of granular sludge increased rapidly when liquid up-flow velocity was over 0.94 m · h^-1 with SLR being at 1.0-2.0 d ^-1. With the propriety parameters: liquid up-flow velocity 2.52 m · h^-1, SLR 1.0-2.2 d^-1 and VLR 8.2-13.1 kg · m ^3 · d^-1, 23 days' continuous operation resulted in an increment by over 80% of granular sludge concentration in the EGSB reactor, plus good granular sludge property. 相似文献
2.
Five marine organisms in Daya Bay are selected for estimating the dose rates. Internal exposure and its 5 pathways are also
considered. The concentrations of 43 kinds of background and additional radionuclides in seawater are from the survey of background
radioactivity and the prediction of routine radioactive releases of the 4 reactors. Point source dose distribution functions
are used to estimate the dose rates to various organisms from α and β radiation. Monte-Carlo method is used to determine the
absorbed fractions in the organisms from γ radiation. Results indicate that the background dose rates are 2.72 mGya · a-1 to phytoplankton and 1.75 mGy · a-1 to zooplankton. The dose rates to other organisms are in the range of 0.31–0. 49 mGy · a-1. The additional dose rates from the routine releases are varied to different organisms. They reach the range of 5.7–6.1 times
of the background dose rates to benthic crustaceans and mollusks, which are 8.3%–15.3% to fishes, and only 0.2% to plankton.
β internal irradiation from additional radionuclides is the critical pathway to plankton.131I and60Co are the major contributors to zooplankton, while103Ru,60Co and58Co are the main contributors to phytoplankton. γ external irradiation from sediment is the critical pathway to benthic organisms.58Co and60Co are the main contributors. The main pathways to fishes are internal β and γ irradiation.124Sb is the critical radionuclide. 相似文献
3.
Crustal P-wave velocity structure in Lower Yangtze region: Reinterpretation of Fuliji-Fengxian deep seismic sounding profile 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BAI Zhiming WANG Chunyong 《科学通报(英文版)》2006,51(19):2391-2400
A deep seismic sounding profile in this paper, from Fuliji in Anhui Province to Fengxian of Shanghai City, is located at eastern China (Fig. 1). The field work was jointly accomplished by the Chinese Geological and Mineral Bureau, the China Seismological … 相似文献
4.
Estimation of soil respiration in a paddy ecosystem in the subtropical resion of China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
REN XiuE WANG QinXue TONG ChengLi WU JinShui WANG KeLin ZHU YongLi LIN ZeJian WATANABE Masataka TANG GuoYong 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(19):2722-2730
Water vapor, energy exchange, and CO2 flux were measured continuously from 2003 to 2005 using the eddy covariance technique in a paddy ecosystem in the subtropical region of China. The CO2 fluxes at nighttime during fallow periods (from middle October to late April) were used to analyze the dynamics of soil respiration and its relationship with soil temperature, and to simulate the annual dynamics of soil respiration in paddy ecosystems. The variation of soil respiration showed a clear seasonal pattern. The soil respiration rates at night during the fallow periods were 52--398 mg· m^-2· h^-1, and exponentially correlated (P〈0.001) with soil temperatures at different depths of soil (5, 10, and 20 cm), particularly the temperature measured at a depth of 5 cm. Based on the simulated exponential equations developed, annual average soil respiration rates and total soil respiration of paddy soil in the subtropical region of China were estimated to be 178.5--259.9 mg· m^-2· h^-1 and 1.56--2.28 kg· m^-2· a^-1, respectively. The simulation equations can be applied to evaluating soil respiration in paddy ecosystems during the rice-growing season. 相似文献
5.
采集广西忻城县红渡镇金银花(Lonicera quaponica)种植示范区人工栽培3年生的金银花样品,测定生物量及各器官的主要元素含量,并估算金银花的经济效益.结果表明,金银花的生物生产力是藤茎(0.79t·hm-2·a-1)>叶子(0.40t·hm-2·a-1)>根(0.33 t·hm-2·a-1)>花(0.30 t·hm-2·a-1);金银花的主要元素(N、P、K)平均含量显示花(5.68 kg·hm-2)>叶子(4.60kg·hm-2)>藤茎(3.06kg·hm-2)>根(2.93 t·hm-2);金银花年均产干花1.78 t·hm-2,年均经济收入每公顷35600元. 相似文献
6.
There are many sediment trapping reservoirs in the Hill Loess Plateau. The Huangtuwa small catchment is selected as a research field where samples were collected in a sediment deposit profile with a vertical length of 12.73 m. By the variation of fine particle content and pollen concentration, 54 flood couples were identified. Taking the freeze-thawing disturbed texture as the sign of the latest flood couple in a year, it is ascertained that those 54 floods should happen in 31 years. Using pyramid volume calculation formula, the sediment yields of flood ranged between 716-30376 t· km^-2, The average sediment yield was 7106 t· km^-2, The annual sediment yields varied between 968-55579 t· (km^2· a)^-1, and the average value is 12629 t· (km^2· a)^-1. Compared with the modern annual sediment discharge of the Huaining River, the erosion rate in the Huangtuwa region 450 years ago was similar to the modern erosion rate. In the period from the 27th year to the 31st year, the average annual sediment yield increased sharply to 31309 t· (km^2· a)^-1. It implied that re-reclamation of the abandoned land in the catchment since the landslide disaster, where vegetation had rehabilitated already, caused very severe soil erosion in the catchment. 相似文献
7.
Cretaceous synfolding remagnetization components revealing tectonic rotation of the middle Yangtze fold belt 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ZHANG Hui TAN XiaoDong HAN YuLin 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(20):2837-2846
To reveal the deformation process of the middle Yangtze fold belt, we conducted a paleomagnetic study on Middle Triassic limestones and Middle to Late Jurassic sandstones from Wanzhou, Chongqing. Stepwise thermal and alternating field demagnetization were used to isolate the multi-component re-manent magnetizations. The Jurassic samples were overprinted by recent geomagnetic field, while three magnetization components were isolated from the Middle Triassic samples. A low temperature component (LTC) was isolated at temperatures below 200℃, an intermediate temperature component (ITC) at 200―360℃ and a high temperature component (HTC) at 400―460℃. The LTC is distributed around the present-day Earth magnetic field, probably a viscous component. Stepwise unfolding indi-cates that the maximum precision parameters of ITC and HTC components are achieved at 33±8% and 50±27% (with 95% confidence) unfolding, respectively. The best-clustered ITC mean direction, Dec = 11.2°, Inc = 45.2° (α95 = 4.5°, N = 34), corresponding to a paleopole at 79.3°N, 219.5°E (dp = 3.6°, dm = 5.7°), is consistent with the Cretaceous reference direction of the South China Block (SCB). The best-clustered HTC mean direction (taking 70% unfolding), Dec = 24.2°, Inc =49.0° (α95 = 3.6°, N = 23), corresponding to a paleopole at 69.2°N, 195.5°E (dp =3.1°, dm = 4.8°), suggests a clockwise rotation of 12.8°±3.5°. These synfolding remagnetization components clearly reveal that a clockwise rotation happened at the middle stage of folding, thus supporting that at least part of the variation in fold axis strikes is due to orocline rotation. Combined with published data, our analysis indicates that the Wan-zhou-Xiangxi segment of the middle Yangtze fold belt experienced oroclinal bending. Furthermore, a published post-folding component isolated from the Middle Triassic Puqi Formation suggests a 27.5°±5.8° clockwise rotation, confirming that at least 50% of the observed clockwise rotations in the eastern middle Yangtze fold belt can be attributed to oroclinal bending. The remagnetization data and geological evidence observed in the middle Yangtze fold belt suggest that collision between SCB and North China Block (NCB) probably lasted till the early period of Early Cretaceous. 相似文献
8.
Shi Qi Zhao MeiXia Zhang QiaoMin Yu KeFu Chen TianRan Li Shu Wang HanKui 《科学通报(英文版)》2009,54(4):696-705
Carbonate production by scleractinian corals not only maintains coral reef growth, but also represents an important source of atmospheric carbon dioxide. In this paper the carbonate production by scler-actinian corals at Luhuitou fringing reef, Sanya, Hainan Island, China, is investigated with an ecological census-based method. Averaged carbonate production is 1.16 ± 0.55 kg·m-2·a-1 and 3.52 ± 1.32 kg·m-2·a-1 on the reef flat and reef slope, respectively, depending on the composition and distribution of cor... 相似文献
9.
Pollen flux and vertical dispersion in coniferous and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
XU QingHai LI YueCong ZHOU LiPing LI YiYin ZHANG ZhenQing LIN FengYou 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(11):1540-1544
The pollen flux in coniferous and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains is presented in one year's experiments. The results indicate that arboreal pollen percentages are more than 65% and pollen flux is higher than 5000 grain·cm-2·a-1,while less than 2% and lower than 1000 grain·cm-2·a-1 for shrubby pollen,and less than 20% and lower than 3000 grain·cm-1·a-1 for herbaceous pollen for most samples at different heights. The pollen assemblages are similar to those in the samples under 8 m height where Pinus and Ouercus are dominant and followed by the few non-local pollen types,and Fraxinus percentages are high with a few non-local pollen types at 16 m to 32 m height as well as non-local pollen clearly increased at 40 m height. Comparisons between pollen assemblages and vegetation composition suggest that similarities are higher for pollen trap samples than for surface moss samples. 相似文献
10.
Using 137Cs tracing technique to estimate wind erosion rates in the typical steppe region,northern Mongolian Plateau 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wind erosion is one of the major factors of land degradation in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. Using ^137Cs tracing technique, we estimated the wind erosion rates of different pastures and abandoned farmland at Bayannur and Karakorum in Mongolia. The pastures and cutting grassland at Bayannur were slightly eroded by wind, with the rates of 64.58-169.07 t·km^-2.a^-1. The abandoned farmland in Karakorum, however, was strongly eroded by wind, with annual surface soil loss of 4.05 mm. a^-1, and wind erosion rates up to 6723.06 t· km^-2. a^-1. The total loss of surface soil due to wind erosion has been 17.4 cm since the cultivation of the steppe land in the 1960s. The wind ero- sion rate at the abandoned farmland was much higher than that at the typical steppe sites, showing that the cultivation led to serious wind erosion in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. By contrast, traditional livestock grazing resulted in less disturbance to the surface soil, and did not induce to devastating wind erosion, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the steppe ecosystem in the northern Mongolian Plateau. 相似文献
11.
The contribution of root respiration to soil CO2 efflux in Puccinellia tenuiflora dominated community in a semi-arid meadow steppe 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
WANG Wei GUO Jixun 《科学通报(英文版)》2006,51(6):697-703
Rising atmospheric CO2 and temperature are altering ecosystem carbon cycling. Grasslands play an important role in regional climate change and global carbon cycle. Below-ground processes play a key role in the grassland carbon cycle because they regulate … 相似文献
12.
Directional solidification and physical properties measurements of the zinc-aluminum eutectic alloy 下载免费PDF全文
Zn-5wt% Al eutectic alloy was directionally solidified with different growth rates (5.32–250.0 μm/s) at a constant temperature gradient of 8.50 K/mm using a Bridgman-type growth apparatus. The values of eutectic spacing were measured from transverse sections of the samples. The dependences of the eutectic spacing and undercooling on growth rate are determined as λ=9.21V-0.53 and ΔT=0.0245V0.53, respectively. The results obtained in this work were compared with the Jackson-Hunt eutectic theory and the similar experimental results in the literature. Microhardness of directionally solidified samples was also measured by using a microhardness test device. The dependency of the microhardness on growth rate is found as Hv=115.64V0.13. Afterwards, the electrical resistivity (r) of the casting alloy changes from 40×10-9 to 108×10-9 Ω·m with the temperature rising in the range of 300–630 K. The enthalpy of fusion (ΔH) and specific heat (Cp) for the Zn-Al eutectic alloy are calculated to be 113.37 J/g and 0.309 J/(g·K), respectively by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) from heating trace during the transformation from liquid to solid. 相似文献
13.
14.
Fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane from swamp and impact factors in Sanjiang Plain,China 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
SONG Changchun YAN Baixing WANG Yuesi WANG Yiyong LOU Yanjing & ZHAO Zhichun . Northeast Institute of Geography Agricultural Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China . Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Correspondence should be addressed to Song Changchun 《科学通报(英文版)》2003,48(24):2749-2753
Incomplete decomposition of organic matter results in the accumulation of the carbon and other nutriments in wetlands. The wetland ecosystem gains a large amount of carbon from atmosphere CO2 by photosynthesis, and it loses much of which back into the atmosphere as CO2 and CH4 emission through the decomposition and respiration. Climate change, such as global warming and reduction of precipitation could drive the wetlands from carbon sink to source[1,2]. Wetland plays an important role in car… 相似文献
15.
Methane emissions from wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The areal extent of cold freshwater wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is estimated at 0.133 × 106 km2, suggesting a significant methane potential. Methane fluxes from wet alpine meadows, peatlands,Hippuris vulgaris mires and secondary marshes were 43.18, 12.96, −0.28 and 45.90 mg · m−2 · d−1, respectively based on the transect flux studies at the Huashixia Permafrost Station (HPS) from July to August 1996. Average
CH4 fluxes in the thaw season were extrapolated at 5.68 g · m−2 according to the areal percentage of wetland areas in the Huashixia region. The CH4 fluxes at four fixed sites, representative of similar ecosystems, ranged from −19.384–347.15 mg · m−2 · d−1, and the average CH4 fluxes varied from 6.54 to 71.97 mg · m−2 · d−1 at each site during the observation period from April to September 1997. The CH4 emissions at each site during the entire thaw season was estimated from 1.21 to 10.65 g · m−2, displaying strong spatial variations. Seasonal variations of CH4 fluxes also were observed at four sites: CH4 outbursts occurred upon the spring thaw in May and June, CH4 fluxes increased afterwards with rising soil temperatures. Episodic fluxes were observed in summer, which influenced the
average CH4 fluxes considerably. Annual CH4 emissions from cold wetlands on the QTP were estimated at about 0.7–0.9 Tg based on the distribution of wetlands, representative
CH4 fluxes, and number of thaw days. The centers of CH4 releasing were located in the sources of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers, and Zoigê Peatlands. 相似文献
16.
WANG Gengchen DU Rui KONG Qinxin & L Daren Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(6):642-646
Understanding of CO2 source and sink characteristics of terrestrial ecosystem is one of the most critical prob-lems at present, but till now, most studies concerning the natural terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle are concentrated on the forest ecosystem. Not enough attention is paid to the natural grassland, especially to the temperate natural grassland, whose area is almost equal to that of tropical forest in the world. Little is known about the role of the grassland, which takes about 25% of… 相似文献
17.
Formic (HCOOH) and acetic (CH3COOH) acids are the chief carboxylic compounds in the troposphere[1]. Although weak acids, they contribute significantly to the free acidity, ionic balance of precipitation and the chemical reactions in the atmosphere, especially in the remote areas[2—4]. General sources for formate and acetate have been identified in the past 3 decades although a satisfactory source attribution is lacking to explain atmospheric observations[5]. Possible sources include veget… 相似文献
18.
Wen Qin-xue Chen Zhi-qiang Lu Bing-nan Wen Yan School of Municipal Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Environmental Protection Technology Ltd. of Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China 《武汉大学学报:自然科学英文版》2004,9(3):388-394
0 IntroductionThejetloopreactorhasthecharacteristicsofbothjetandloopflow .Ononehand ,theairsuckedinisdispersedintosmallgasbubblesbecauseoftheshearingforcecausedbythehighvelocityjet,producinganincreasedinterfacialcontactbe tweengasandliquid ,thusthemasstransferefficiencyisin creased .Ontheotherhand ,aregularloopflowisformedbecauseofmutualimpetusofbothjetandair lift,thusdramaticallyim provestheperformancesofmixture ,diffusion ,masstransferandheattransferofthematerial.Withoutmechanicdriving ,the… 相似文献
19.
An electrochemical method for the simultaneous determination of lead(II) and Cadmium(II) with a calix[6]arene modified carbon
paste electrode (CPE) has been developed. Pb2+ and Cd2+ were accumulated at the surface of the modified electrode via formation of chemical complexes with calix[6]arene, and reduced
at 1.40 V. During the following anodic potential sweep, reduced lead and cadmium were oxidized, and two well-defined striping
peaks appeared at about −0.60 V and −0.84 V. Compared with a bare carbon paste electrode, the calix[6]arene modified CPE greatly
improves the sensitivity of determining lead and cadmium. The stripping peak currents change linearly with the concentration
of Pb2+ 3.0×10−8–8.0×10−6 mol·L−1 and with that of Cd2+ 6.0×10−8–1.0×10−5 mol ·L−1. The detection limits of Pb2+ and Cd2+ are found to be 8.0×10−9 mol·L−1 and 2.0×10−8 mol·L−1, respectively. The modified carbon paste electrode was applied to determine trace levels of lead and cadmium in water samples.
Comparing with that of atomic absorption spectrometry, the results suggests that the calix[6]arene modified CPE has great
potential for the practical sample analysis.
Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60171023)
Biography: JI Xiao-bo (1980-), male, Master, research direction: electroanalytical chemistry. 相似文献
20.
In this paper, an Ethernet controller SoC solution and its low power design for testability (DFT) for information appliances
are presented. On a single chip, an enhanced one-cycle 8-bit micro controller unit (MCU), media access control (MAC) circuit
and embedded memories such as static random access memory (SRAM), read only memory (ROM) and flash are all integrated together.
In order to achieve high fault coverage, at the same time with low test power, different DFT techniques are adopted for different
circuits: the scan circuit that reduces switching activity is implemented for digital logic circuits; BIST-based method is
employed for the on-chip SRAM and ROM. According to the fault-modeling of embedded flash, we resort to a March-like method
for flash built in self test (BIST). By all means above, the result shows that the fault coverage may reach 97%, and the SoC
chip is implemented successfully by using 0.25 μm two-poly four-metal mixed signal complementary metal oxide semiconductor
(CMOS) technology, the die area is 4.8×4.6 mm2. Test results show that the maximum throughput of Ethernet packets may reach
7 Mb · s−1.
Biography: ZHENG Zhaoxia (1975–), female,Ph.D. candidate, Lecturer, research direction: system one chip (SOC) integrated circuits design. 相似文献