Using 137Cs tracing technique to estimate wind erosion rates in the typical steppe region,northern Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major factors of land degradation in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. Using ^137Cs tracing technique, we estimated the wind erosion rates of different pastures and abandoned farmland at Bayannur and Karakorum in Mongolia. The pastures and cutting grassland at Bayannur were slightly eroded by wind, with the rates of 64.58-169.07 t·km^-2.a^-1. The abandoned farmland in Karakorum, however, was strongly eroded by wind, with annual surface soil loss of 4.05 mm. a^-1, and wind erosion rates up to 6723.06 t· km^-2. a^-1. The total loss of surface soil due to wind erosion has been 17.4 cm since the cultivation of the steppe land in the 1960s. The wind ero- sion rate at the abandoned farmland was much higher than that at the typical steppe sites, showing that the cultivation led to serious wind erosion in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. By contrast, traditional livestock grazing resulted in less disturbance to the surface soil, and did not induce to devastating wind erosion, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the steppe ecosystem in the northern Mongolian Plateau.     

Estimation of wind erosion rates by using 137Cs tracing technique: A case study in Tariat-Xilin Gol transect, Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major environmental problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Here we established the Tariat-Xilin Gol transect from northwest to southeast across the Mongolian Plateau, and selected seven sampling sites along the transect. We then estimated the soil wind erosion rates by using the 137Cs tracing technique and examined their spatial dynamics. Our results showed that the 137Cs inventories of sampling sites ranged from 265.63=44.91 to 1279.54=166.53 Bq. m-2, and the wind erosion rates varied from 64.58 to 419.63 t. km-2. a-~ accordingly. In the Mongolia section of the transect （from Tariat to Sainshand）, the wind erosion rate increased gradually with vegetation type and climatic regimes; the wind erosion process was controlled by physical factors such as annual precipitation and vegetation coverage, etc., and the impact of human activities was negligible. While in the China section of the transect （Inner Mongolia）, the wind erosion rates of Xilin Hot and Zhengxiangbai Banner were thrice as much as those of Bayannur of Mongolia, although these three sites were all dominated by typical steppe. Besides the physical factors, higher population density and livestock carrying level should be responsible for the higher wind erosion rates in these two regions of Inner Mongolia.     

一种频标变换的方法

对基准频率进行变换通常采用锁相环路或频率搬移电路，前者作为一个环路电路肯定复杂，调试难度增加，后者由于需要混频器或乘法器也存在类似问题．该文介绍的基准频率变换方法实质上是一种频率搬移法。采用MOTOROLA公司生产的MC14011、CMOS与门非电路及模块化晶体带通滤波器可使电路大大简化．调试十分方便。实验结果表明，具有工作可靠、稳定度高、体积小等特点。文中还讨论了工作原理和设计要点。     

Palaeogeothermal response and record of the effusing of Emeishan basalts in the Sichuan basin

Thermal history of the Sichuan basin is reconstructed based on vitrinite reflectance from boreholes in the basin using a paleo-heat flow method.The results show that the Sichuan basin experienced a relatively low heat flow period in the Early Paleozoic,and an elevated paleo-heat flow,ranging 60-80 mW/m2 with a maximum as high as 100 mW/m2 around 259 Ma,from the beginning of the Late Paleozoic to the end of the early Permian,and a decreased paleo-heat flow from the late Permian to the late Triassic,and then ...     

Quantum chemical studies on tuning the second-order nonlinear optical molecular switching of triarylborane derivatives

In this work, density functional theory (DFT) combined with the finite field (FF) method has been adopted to analyze the second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the triarylborane (TAB) derivatives obtained by introducing different inductive electron groups into the phenylene ring of the TAB (RTAB, where R=2-C6H5-C2B10H10(1),R=F(2), R=Me(3),R=NO2(4),R=NH2(5)). The static first hyperpolarizabilities (βtot) of the RTAB molecules can be switched by binding one F- to the boron center (RTAB′) or one-electron reduction (RTAB"). The DFT-FF calculations show that the βtot values of 2′, 3′ and 5′ decrease while those of 1′ and 4′ increase compared with the values of their neutral molecules, which was attributed to the fact that the charge transfers of 2, 3 and 5 become smaller and those of 1 and 4 become larger by binding one F- ion to the boron center, according to time-domain DFT (TD-DFT) analysis. However, the incorporation of one electron enhances the second-order NLO properties of the RTAB molecules remarkably, especially for system 1. It is notable that the βtot value of reduced form 1″ is 508.69×10-30 esu, i.e. about 578 times larger than that of system 1. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses suggest that the reversal of the charge distribution between the neutral molecules and their reduced forms leads to low HOMO-LUMO energy gaps (E0) and thus large βtot values for the reduced forms.     

Numerical studies on flow and thermal fields in MOCVD reactor

A systematic study has been performed to investigate the flow and thermal patterns of vertical rotating Thomas Swan MOCVD reactor at low pressure,using 2-D dynamic modeling.By varying and calculating the several important process parameters of the reactor,the optimized conditions of the uniform distributions of velocity and temperature profiles in steady state have been obtained.Then,time-dependent models with the step response perturbation of the total gas rate can help identify the visual transient behavi...     

The active commissioning process for a power reactor spent fuel reprocessing pilot plant in China

The process of a power reactor spent fuel reprocessing pilot plant (hereinafter referred to as the "pilot plant") had been completed through active commissioning. Operational and technological parameters, such as shearing, dissolution, feed clarification, co-decontamination cycle, uranium and plutonium purification cycle, and the uranium and plutonium finishing facility, were identified. In addition, technical devices including extraction and mechanical equipment, electrical installation as well as instrumentation, and auxiliary systems for safety and adaptability were also verified. The commissioning results indicated that the recovery rate and decontamination coefficients of each system satisfied the designed index requirements and the qualified productions, i.e. uranium trioxide and plutonium dioxide, were produced. Monitored values at various monitoring points in the radiological protection system were within the control range and the discharge of waste water and waste gas complied with the relevant standards. This shows that independent and innovative technology for power reactor spent fuel reprocessing had been developed by our country.     

静电纺丝制备微纳纤维的形貌表征与影响机理分析

静电纺丝作为一种广泛采用的纳米纤维制备技术,影响其纤维形貌的主要因素包括材料参数、工艺参数和环境因素等.采用聚氧化乙烯(PEO)溶液,通过研究溶液属性(分子量、质量分数、电导率)和工艺参数(工艺电压、电极间距、喷嘴内径等)对纤维形貌的影响,得出相关参数对纤维直径和形貌的作用规律.研究结果表明:当PEO质量分数由4%到8%时,图案形貌经历了球状颗粒-珠丝共存-纤维的演变过程;分子量由40万到60万时,纤维由珠丝结构变成均匀光滑的丝,进一步增大分子量,纤维开始变得粗细不均并出现锯齿结构;当电导率由151到355 s/cm时,纤维直径变粗5倍;工艺电压(25~30 kV)增加,纤维直径先增加后减小,梭形颗粒先增多后减少;电极间距(15~25 cm)的增加使PEO纤维的直径减小,梭形颗粒先增加后减少;喷嘴内径由160 m增大到600 m时,纤维先是变得均匀光滑,后出现黏并结构.这些研究结果能够更好地指导静电纺丝技术在生物医用、纳米装置及纳米制造等领域的应用.     

Structure and second-order NLO property of the molecules bridged through n-vertex bis-substituted carborane （n=5, 6, 7）

Density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP at 6-31G* level is employed to optimize the structures of the molecules bridged through n-vertex bis-substituted carborane (n=5, 6, 7) and combined with finite field (FF) formalism to calculate the second-order NLO properties. The results indicate that the structures of n-vertex bis-substituted carborane (n=5, 6, 7) are changed due to bridged donor and acceptor moieties. The distances between two C atoms are becoming longer. And the stability and dipole moment are in- fluenced by changing substituted positions of C atoms. The isomers with the substituents connecting with C atoms of lower coordination number have better stability and larger values of polarizability. One-dimensional structure of the molecules bridged through n-vertex bis-substituted carborane (n=5, 6, 7) is in favor of intramolecular charge-transfer. Meanwhile, the isomer with a larger change of dipole moment has larger value of second-order NLO properties during the charge-transfer process.     

高动态场景下GNSS信号自适应载波跟踪算法

相对于城市应用场景,在高速飞行器上搭载的GNSS导航接收机需要承受更大的载波频率动态范围,且测量实时性要求较高,对载波环路的高精度跟踪提出了更高挑战.为此,本文提出了一种自适应载波跟踪算法,在载波跟踪环路中引入模糊控制器,随载波的频率变化自适应调整环路参数,在保证动态适应性的同时提高了测速精度.所提算法利用载波跟踪环路测量值计算模糊控制器的输入变量,采用单输入单输出的Takagi-Sugeno模糊控制模型,实时计算环路滤波器调节系数,具有结构简单且易于实现的特点.本文分别在固定多普勒频率、线性多普勒频率和正弦多普勒频率的场景下进行了分析和仿真.结果表明,所提算法能够在飞行器和接收机间径向运动速度范围±10 km/s,加速度范围±30g,输入载噪比40 dB Hz的条件下,以1 kHz的频率输出径向速度测量值,且测量误差小于3 m/s(1σ).