脉冲激光液相沉积法制备纳米石墨

利用YAG脉冲激光辐射水溶液中的石墨靶制备纳米石墨,研究了制备纳米石墨的工艺与技术,并初步探讨了制备纳米石墨材料的微观机理·用透射电镜和图像分析仪对制备的纳米石墨进行了形貌、结构和粒度分析·研究结果表明:利用脉冲激光幅射在水溶液中石墨靶材,在一定工艺条件下制备出了分散性较好的纳米晶石墨,纳米石墨呈球状,由非晶和部分晶化了的组织组成,平均粒径为35nm,其粒径多为20～50nm;脉冲激光能量和水溶液体系的能量交换等对制备纳米石墨起主要作用·     

燃烧合成技术制备α-Al_2O_3纳米粉

研究了燃烧合成技术制备纳米粉Al2O3·铝的硝酸盐和有机物为前驱体,一次反应即合成αAl2O3产物·实验考查了合成条件,最佳反应温度为650～750℃·采用XRD和红外光谱分析了纳米粉的结构,电子透射电镜研究了Al2O3粉的粒度与形貌,研究结果表明,Al2O3粉体为α型,粒度在60～80nm之间,球状·     

化学沉淀法制备纳米氧化锆的研究

以氧氯化锆 (Zr OCl2 · 8H2 O)和氨水 (NH3· H2 O)为原料 ,采用化学沉淀法制备了纳米级氧化锆微粉 ,考察了反应温度、反应物浓度、溶液 p H值、煅烧温度和时间对产物粒径的影响 ,获得了最佳工艺条件 .通过透射电镜、X射线衍射研究了产品的粒度、形貌和结构 ,所得纳米 Zr O2 分散性良好 ,粒度分布均匀 ,平均粒径约 2 0 nm,粒子形状为球形     

掺锑二氧化锡纳米棒的制备及表征

以SnCl4·5H2O和SbCl3为原料,采用化学共沉淀法制得纳米级掺锑二氧化锡(ATO)的前驱物,经1000～1100°C焙烧1～3h,成功制备了直径为10～40nm,长为60～500nm的金红石结构的ATO纳米棒。运用热重分析(TGA)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子衍射(ED)及比表面仪(BET法)对棒结构和形貌进行了表征,研究了掺锑量、焙烧温度及焙烧时间等对其形貌结构的影响。并对ATO纳米棒形成机理进行了探讨。     

锂离子电池纳米碳负极材料的结构与嵌锂行为

采用了一种工业副产品的纳米碳粉作为锂离子电池的负极材料,对纳米碳粉进行了提纯,测定了纳米碳粉的纯度,并对提纯后的纳米碳粉进行了电化学嵌锂性能的研究·充放电实验结果表明,该碳材料首次放电比容量为358 3mA·h/g,首次循环可逆容量为336 4mA·h/g,循环9次后可逆容量保持率为76 1%·TEM观察纳米碳粉的形貌,表明纳米碳粉为球形,直径在30nm左右;XRD测定纳米碳粉的结构,纳米碳粉的d002值介于石墨和软碳材料的d002值之间,为0 3481nm·     

葡苷聚糖模板法制备纳米硒

报道一种在葡苷聚糖存在下制备纳米硒的方法,得到球形和棒状纳米硒。研究了反应时间、反应物浓度、温度、超声等实验条件对产物粒度大小、形貌的影响,并采用光谱法、透射电镜等手段对产物进行了表征。     

纳米氧化锌粉的表面改性研究

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和CO(NH2)2为原料,采用均相沉淀法制备纳米氧化锌粉.用扫描电镜对产物粒度大小、形貌进行观察,并对其影响因素进行了探讨.结果表明,在反应温度为120℃,反应时间为2.5h时,所制的纳米氧化锌的产率最大.用不同的表面改性剂对纳米ZnO进行表面改性,粉体不再发生团聚.图6,表7,参5.     

纳米颗粒钯超声化学制备及影响因素

以可溶性钯盐为钯源,利用超声化学法,在一定浓度的稳定剂存在条件下,制备形貌为颗粒的纳米钯.通过透射电镜观察其生长过程及形貌,并通过紫外-可见光分光光度计和透射电镜对颗粒纳米钯进行表征.实验表明在制备颗粒纳米钯时,超声时间、pH值以及稳定剂的体积均有一定的影响.     

催化剂微观结构对单壁纳米碳管质量的影响

以甲烷为碳源、氢气作还原气,以醇溶液直接超临界干燥法制备的Fe2O3/Al2O3气凝胶为催化剂,在一定的温度条件下催化裂解甲烷,制备出高质量单壁纳米碳管.研究气凝胶催化剂微观结构与形貌对单壁纳米碳管质量的影响,采用FESEM,TEM,HRTEM,Ramam光谱对所得产物进行分析表征.结果表明,利用气凝胶制备的单壁纳米碳管质量较好,其直径分布为1.1～1.4 nm.     

SnO_2·ZnO纳米微粒／硬脂酸交替L－B膜的制备及结构

采用胶体化学方法制备了ＳｎＯ_２．ＺｎＯ微粒的水溶胶和有机溶胶，实验结果表明，ＳｎＯ_２·ＺｎＯ胶体存在着明显的量子尺寸效应。应用Ｌ－Ｂ膜技术制备了ＳｎＯ_２·Ｚｎｏ纳米微粒／硬脂酸交替Ｌ－Ｂ膜，用原子力显微镜观察了ＳｎＯ_２·ＺｎＯ纳米微粒／硬脂酸交替Ｌ－Ｂ膜的形貌。通过加热除去硬脂酸后的ＳｎＯ_２·ＺｎＯ膜有好的气敏性及对酒精的选择性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to