Cloning and expression of ophc2, a new organphosphorus hydrolase gene

The amino acid sequences of N-terminal and internal peptide of OPHC2, purified from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain C2-1 in our lab, are determined. The full-length organphosphorus hydrolase gene ophc2 is cloned by PCR using the degenerate primers designed according to the sequences and future inverse PCR. The ophc2 gene is 975 bp long with G C content of 63%, comprising one open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 324 amino acids with a molecular weight of 36 kD. The nucleotide sequence of ophc2 shows low homologies with those organphosphorus hydrolase genes deposited in GenBank, one of which exhibits the highest homology of 46.4% with ophc2. The organphosphorus hydrolase protein expressed in E. coli bears normal bioactivity.     

Preparation of microbial desulfurization catalysts

A Rhodococcus sp. lawq, a bacterium isolated from the soil cleaving the C—S bond of dibenzothiophene (DBT) via specific pathway, was investigated for cell growth and for its role in desulfurization. Clearly, the end product, 2-hydroxybiphenyl, inhibited the growth of the strain, the synthesis of the desulfurization enzymes, and the activity of the enzymes. The effects of sulfate on the DBT degradation enzymes were examined in the Rhodococcus sp. lawq growth system with DBT; the sulfate served, concurrently, as the sulfur source. The condition of the resting cells that were used in desulfurization, was also studied. The optimal concentration of the resting cells and the reaction conditions were determined. It was documented that there is no difference between desulfurization activity for resting cells cultured with sulfate as the sole sulfur source and that with the mixture of DBT and sulfate as the sulfur source.     

酵母SOD高产菌的选育及发酵条件

从数株酵母菌中选出了一株细胞生物量(Biomass)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量都较高的菌株,研究了该菌株产SOD较适宜的培养基组成、pH值和时间等发酵条件。     

产环氧化物水解酶菌种的筛选及发酵条件优化

以外消旋苯基环氧乙烷为唯一碳源,从土壤中筛选出编号为G7的菌株,能选择性水解外消旋苯基环氧乙烷而得到(S)-苯基环氧乙烷,对映体过量值(e.e)达到99.3%。经鉴定菌种G7属于枯草芽胞杆菌。对该菌株的发酵条件进行了优化,结果表明,当培养基成分为蔗糖10g/L,胰蛋白胨10g/L,Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O 2g/L,KH₂PO₄ 2g/L,MgSO₄ 0.2g/L,CaCl₂ 0.01g/L,pH 6.5,30℃培养25h,环氧化物水解酶活力达到最高值372.2U/mg。     

Effects of aqueous media on microbial removal of sulfur from dibenzothiophene in the presence of hydrocarbons

The existence of sulfur in the petroleum would erode the transport lines and poison the chemical catalysts. In addition, it is the main cause of air pollution and the for-mation of acid rain. At present, hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is the commonly used technology for fuel desulfu-rization. HDS has the disadvantages of high cost of ma-nipulation and equipment investment. Furthermore, HDS is difficult to remove the sulfur from condensed thio-phenes such as dibenzothiophene (DBT). These forms…     

Antagonism and Molecular Identification of an Antibiotic Bacterium BS04 Against Phytopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria

Through a modified agar well diffusion assay, antagonism of bacterium BS04 is tested. The data show that BS04 has antibiotic activity against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria, including Phoma wasabiae Yokogi, Cochlibolus Heterostrophu, Exserohilum Turcicum, Curuvularia Lunata (Walk) Boed, Thantephorus cucumris, Fusarium graminearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri (Hasse) Dye and Xanthomonas zingiberi (Uyeda ) Savulescu. The products of bacterium BS04 can endure the treatment of a wide range of pH, and maintain the antibiotic activity after treatment of 100℃ for 30 min. The result suggests that bacterium BS04 has the potential as a promising biocontrol agent. In order to determine the taxonomic placement, the molecular identification of BS04 is performed. The comparative analysis of 16s rDNA sequences indicates that the 16s rDNA sequence of BS04 is highly homologous with sequences of typical Paenibacillus bacteria from the RPD library (from 92% to 99% ). And the constructed phylogenetic tree by using maximum-likelihood method with Bootstrap Trial 1000 proves that BS04 is subjected to Paenibacillus polymyxa.     

Genome sequencing and characterization analysis of a Beijing isolate of chicken coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV) is classified as a member of the genus coronavirus in the family coronaviridae. The enveloped virus has a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of approximately 28 kilo-bases,which has a 5‘ cap structure and 3‘ polyadenylation tract.The complete genome sequence of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Beijing isolate, was determined by cloning sequencing and primer walking. The whole genome is 27733 nucleotides in length, has ten open reading frames:5′-orfla-orflab-s-3a-3b-e-m- 6a-6b-n-3′. Alignments of the genome sequence of IBV Beijing isolate with those of two AIBV strains and one SARS coronavirus were performed respectively. The genome sequence of IBV Beijing isolate compared with that of the IBV strain LX4 (uncompleted, 19440 bp in size) was 91.2% similarity. However, the full-length genome sequence of IBV Beijing isolate was 85.2% identity to that of IBV Strain Beaudette, and was only 50.8% homology to that of SARS coronavirus. The results showed that the genome of IBV has remarkable variation. And IBV Beijing isolate is not closely related to SARS coronavirus. Phylogenetic analyses based on the whole genome sequence, S protein, M protein and N protein, also showed that AIBV Bering isolate is lone virus in group Ⅲ and is distant from SARS coronavirus. In conclusion, this study will contribute to the studies of diagnosis and diseases control on IBV in China.     

调剖微生物菌群的分离,鉴定和特性研究

从大港油田含油土样中,分离驯化出一组可在兼性厌氧条件下,产水不溶性聚合物的混合菌群Y4,它们分别是Y4-1(Paenibacillus sp.),Y4-2(Actinomadura sp.),Y4-3(Uncultured bacteri-um clone)和Y4-4(Brevibacillus sp.).菌群Y4的最适生长条件是:温度46℃,pH7.0,盐度20.0g/L.通过菌群和单菌的作用效果对比实验发现,菌群产聚合物产率比单菌株要高.应用光学和电子显微镜对聚合物进行了观察,发现生物聚合物是一种水不溶性的相互缠绕的网状结构;利用纸层析分析其酸水解产物是葡萄糖,推断生物聚合物为纤维素类物质.一系列室内填砂模拟实验表明:菌群通过自身的生长和产生聚合物,能够降低高渗油藏的渗透率,提高水驱效率.提高采收率可以达到3.5%.     

化学沉淀法去除木薯制备酒精废水中氨氮的试验研究

针对NH_3-N质量浓度为500~900mg/L木薯制备酒精的废水,采用正交试验及单因素试验研究了用化学沉淀法去除废水中氨氮的工艺条件,结果表明:以MgCl_2·6H_2O和Na2HPO4·12H_2O为沉淀剂,在pH=9.0时废水溶液中PO_4~(3-)与Mg~(2+)和NH_4~+一起发生沉淀反应生成MgNH4PO4·6H_2O,从而达到去除废水中的氨氮的目的;影响废水中的氨氮去除率的因素依次为n(Mg~(2+):NH_4~+),反应时间,n(PO_4~(3-)∶NH_4~+)和pH值。最佳反应条件是当pH=9.0,n(Mg~(2+))∶n(NH_4~+)∶n(PO_4~(3-))=1.4∶1.0∶1.2,常温下反应30min,静置30min,该工艺条件下,对初始氨氮为644.5mg/L的木薯制备酒精的废水进行处理,其氨氮的去除率90%。     

低温脂肪酶产生菌的筛选及鉴定

通过三丁酸甘油酯平板法从太平洋帕里西维拉海盆5010m的底泥中共筛出八株可产脂肪酶的菌株,其中的两株生理生化特征极其相近的菌脂肪酶活性最高,并且对橄榄油平板产生荧光。对两株菌进行鉴定,分析其生理生化特征和16SrDNA产物序列,确定这两株菌均属于发光杆菌属,但是和该属的各种还有一定差异,对其分类地位的最后确定还需进一步的系统发育学分析。其中D2菌株所产脂肪酶的最适作用温度在35℃左右,证明其脂肪酶为低温酶;最适作用pH值在7～9之间,最适pH值8。     

昆虫细胞杆状病毒表达人生长激素的纯化及性质研究

在昆虫细胞杆状病毒中表达的人生长激素，经CM－52离子交换柱层析和Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B疏水柱层析后，去除了93％杂蛋白。再用CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B亲和柱层析的方法，获得高纯度的生长激素样品。SDS－PAGE结果表明，纯化样品在SDS－PAGE图谱呈现一条带，分子量为22kD。Western杂交结果表明，纯化样品与生长激素标准品有相似的免疫活性。胰肽图谱分析结果显示纯化样品和标准品具有相同的一级结构。DNS－CL测N末端表明，纯化样品的N末端为苯丙氨酸，所有这些性质均与天然人生长激素相同。     

Study on the fluorescence properties of some fluoroquinolones in various media

The fluorescence emission from fluoroquinolones is shown to be associated with the substituted quinoline portion of the molecule. Neutral, anionic, zwitterionic and cationic forms of the fluorophore are proposed to account for the fluorescent behavior in aqueous and organic media of different acidities. In aqueous solution a ground-state pKa was observed for NFX and CPFX from a study of the pH vs. fluorescence profile with excitation at 331 nm, the ground-state microscopic dissociation constents for NFX or CPFX were determined. The causes of fluorescence changing were explained. The optimum condition for the fluorimetric determination of NFX, CPFX is an acidic medium (pH=2.0∼4.0) with λ_ex=280 nm or 331 nm and λ_em=445 nm. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Huang Zuyun: born in Aug. 1963. Ph. D graduate student     

两类微生物SOD的比较研究

报道了酵母ＳＯＤ工程菌ＺＨ－１／ｐＳＨ１比耐高温细菌Ｂ．Ｓ２１１－１５的抗Ｈ２Ｏ２水平高，其单位体积培养液和酵得率约为细菌的二倍，但单位细胞酶的含量比细菌低，高温细菌的ＳＯＤ热稳定性和存放稳定比酵母工程菌好，二者在ｐＨ４－１０范围内都很稳定，但对蛋白的耐受性差异很大，其中酵母ＳＯＤ工程勤务产好。     

Programmed cell death in Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyta) tissues infected with alginic acid decomposing bacterium

TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) is a sensitive and valid method for detecting DNA cleavage in programmed cell death (PCD). Using this method, DNA cleavage was observed in Laminaria japonica sporophytic tissues, which were infected with alginic acid decomposing bacterium. It was found that DNA cleavage occurred 5 min after the infection, the fragments with 3′-OH groups of cleaved nuclear DNA increased with time of infection and spread from the infection site. Although no typical DNA ladder (200 bp/180 bp) was detected by routine agarose gel electrophoresis, the cleavage of nuclear DNA fragments of 97～48.5 kb could be detected by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). By using CaspGLOWTM fluorescein active caspase-3 staining method, caspase-3 activity has been detected in response to the infection of alginic acid decomposing bacterium. Our results are similar to the observations in hypersensitive response (HR) of higher plant, suggesting that the rapid cell death of L. Japonica infected by alginic acid decomposing bacterium might be involved in PCD, and indicating that the occurrence of PCD is an active defense process against the pathogen's infection.     

Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding phagerelated tail protein (PrTP) of endosymbiont Wolbachia

Wolbachia is an obligatory, maternally inherited intracellular bacterium, known to infect a wide range of arthropods. It has been implicated in causing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis, the feminization of genetic males and male-killing in different hosts. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this fastidious bacterium causes these reproductive abnormalities have not yet been determined. In this study, we report on the cloning and characterization of the gene encoding phage-related tail protein (PrTP) from Wolbachia in Drosophila melanogaster CantonS (wMelCS) and from Wolbachia in Drosophila melanogaster yw67c23 (wMel) by representational difference analysis (RDA) and ligation-mediated PCR (LM-PCR). The functionality of a bipartite nuclear localization signal sequence (NLS) of the gene was also successfully tested in Drosophila S2 cells. PrTP expression in various strains of Wolbachia was investigated. Our results suggest that PrTP may not induce CI directly. However, the existence of prtp provided direct evidence of phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer (HGT) that might play an important role in a variety of reproductive abnormalities of Wolbachia.     

益生菌Gan-1的鉴定、理化特性及其降胆固醇作用

从啤酒样品中分离出一株具有较强的耐酸、耐盐、耐胆盐及降胆固醇能力的细菌菌株Gan-1。利用多相分类方法,即通过形态特征、生理生化特性以及16S rRNA核酸序列分析,鉴定菌株Gan-1为干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei Gan-1）;采用MRS-Broth培养基,模拟人体胃酸环境、渗透压环境和胆盐环境,测定菌株Gan-1在酸性及高胆盐环境作用下菌株Gan-1的生长状况;结果表明,菌株能够耐受pH3的环境、低于6%NaCl的高渗环境以及低于2.0%胆盐环境;菌株具有降解胆固醇的能力,培养至24h时,降解的胆固醇达24%。     

一株高效生物表面活性剂产生菌的分离、鉴定及培养条件的优化

以市政污水处理厂剩余活性污泥作为菌种来源,经过培养分离、筛选,得到一株高效生物表面活性剂产生菌X1A-2.经形态学与16SrDNA鉴定,X1A-2菌株属于戈登氏菌属.菌株X1A-2产生物表面活性剂的环境影响因素研究结果表明:菌株在发酵培养14h后达到稳定状态,发酵液表面张力降低至33.0mN/m;在较大的培养条件范围内,发酵液的表面张力均可显著降低;石油烃类碳源的存在对其产生物表面活性剂的影响甚微.在模拟石油污染的最优培养条件下,菌株能够长期保持活性,所产生物表面活性剂可使以石油为碳源的发酵液表面张力保持在35mN/m以下.研究结果表明,X1A-2是一株高效生物表面活性剂产生菌,在实际海洋石油污染的生物修复方面具有很好的应用前景.     

嗜盐淀粉酶产生菌的筛选鉴定及其酶学性质研究

【目的】筛选分离新的嗜盐淀粉酶产生菌,并对其进行酶学性质研究。【方法】从广西大学奶牛厂的奶牛粪便土壤中分离得到一株能产耐盐淀粉酶的菌株,利用16SrRNA序列对比进行鉴定,经破胞提取胞内总蛋白测定嗜盐淀粉酶酶学性质。【结果】经16SrRNA初步鉴定该菌株为阴沟肠杆菌属(Enterobacter cloacae)。该菌株是非嗜盐菌株,却能产生一种胞内嗜盐淀粉酶。酶学性质研究表明该酶在NaCl终浓度为4mol/L时,酶活力最强,当盐浓度为5.5mol/L时,仍能保持最高酶活的60%;以MOPS-NaCl配制的1%可溶性淀粉溶液为底物时,其最适反应温度为50℃,最适pH值为6.5,pH值在4.5~8.5时均能保持60%以上的相对活力;在35~45℃的温度范围内显示较好的稳定性,相对酶活保持在80%以上,但当温度达到50℃时,酶活力急剧下降;Ca2+浓度对酶活力几乎没有影响;EDTA浓度在10~140mmol/L时酶活力变化不大,大于140mmol/L之后,酶活力逐渐下降。【结论】该菌株是在非嗜盐菌株中发现的具有嗜盐淀粉酶基因的菌株,其嗜盐淀粉酶在高盐环境下具有很高的酶活力。     

凝结芽胞杆菌产碱性脂肪酶的条件研究

本文对分离获得的产碱性脂肪酶的5株菌进行复筛,对产酶量大的一株菌F12进行鉴定,确定该菌株为凝结芽胞杆菌(BacillusCoagulans)。此菌产碱性脂肪酶的最适条件是:黄豆饼粉2.5,玉米浆1.5,可溶性淀粉0.5,K2HP40.5,NaNO30.5,起始pH9.0,培养温度28～30℃,培养周期22～26h。     

转糖基β-半乳糖苷酶产生菌筛选和鉴定及酶催化生成低聚半乳糖

通过水解活性和转糖基活性筛选, 从实验室97株保存菌种中获得1株具有转糖基活性的β-半乳糖苷酶产生菌,克隆并序列分析了该菌株16SrDNA基因片断,GenBank收录号为DQ267829. 综合其形态学特征、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列同源性分析结果, 将其鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）2-37-4-1. 确定了该菌株β-半乳糖苷酶产酶培养基的碳源为乳糖1%,氮源为蛋白胨0.5%和酵母膏0.5%,培养条件为37℃摇床培养18?h;碳源实验证明,该菌株β 半乳糖苷酶产生为乳糖诱导型.利用薄层层析技术研究了pH值、乳糖底物浓度、反应温度和反应时间对该菌株β-半乳糖苷酶以乳糖为底物转糖基合成低聚半乳糖的影响, 确定最适反应条件为pH7.5、50mmol/L（磷酸缓冲液）配制的40%乳糖溶液, 55℃反应24h.转糖基反应产物高压液相色谱分析其组成为低聚半乳糖25.68%, 双糖（包括乳糖和转移二糖）33.02%, 葡萄糖26.37%和半乳糖14.92%.