分散染料氨纶染色机理的探讨

以一个染色模型模拟分散染料的氨纶染色,在此基础上得到分散染料与氨纶纤维大分子的结合发生在硬链段区表面上的结论。并从上染速率曲线、吸附等温线这两方面对分散染料氨纶染色的染色机理作了初步的探讨。     

苯甲醇存在下涤纶分散染料低温染色

本文在分散染料染浴中加入苯甲醇对涤纶进行染色,研究了苯甲醇对涤纶染色性能的影响.实验结果表明:在涤纶织物分散染料常压染色过程中,加入一定浓度的苯甲醇,可以降低涤纶的玻璃化温度,显著提高上染百分率和K/S值.     

超细纤维合成革基布分散染料染色性能研究

测定了分散染料上染超细纤维合成革基布的上染速率曲线及吸附等温线,研究提升基布染色性能.结果表明,分散染料在超细纤维合成革基布中的吸附和扩散行为是由Langmuir定位吸附和Nemst吸附两种不同方式共同作用完成,吸附等温线符合Langmuir-Nernst二元吸附模型.在一定染料浓度范围内,基布染色性能得以提高.     

用叠氮活性黄染涤纶的研究

研究了染色时间、pH、常用助剂等对自制叠氮类活性黄染料染涤纶纤维的上染百分率及染色深度的影响,从而确定了叠氮类活性黄染料常压沸染涤纶的最佳染色工艺。结果表明,该染料能在常压沸染条件下染涤纶,而且染色牢度好。     

糜蛋白酶预处理羊毛的低温染色性能

用正交试验法研究了糜蛋白酶对羊毛纤维的预处理情况,再用染料酸性大红BS在较低温度下对预处理后的羊毛进行染色,测定了羊毛的上染率、表观色深值、断裂强力等性能。实验结果表明：在糜蛋白酶用量为2％（owf）、pH值为7、温度为40℃、时间为60min的预处理条件下,酸性大红BS在80℃下染羊毛的上染率达到95．1％,色深值（K／S）达到15．05,强力下降率只有5．78％,与常规染色工艺条件下的染色性能相比,上染率和色深值均有提高,而纤维强力损失较小。     

降低氨纶与锦纶交织物正反面色差的研究

探讨了用汽蒸法对氨纶裸丝进行染前热定形法提高山德兰ＭＦ类酸性染料染色上染百分率的方法,显著降低了氨纶／锦纶交织物的色差     

阻燃腈氯纶与棉混纺织物染色的研究

采用阳离子燃料和活性染料一浴法,研究阻燃腈氯纶与棉混纺织物的染色工艺.从pH值、载体用量、元明粉、固色碱等影响因素分析其对于染色效果的影响,得出(1)载体EONOL AT用量为1g/L时能大大提高腈氯纶纤维上的染料上染百分率;(2)当染色温度为100℃、pH值为5.0,保温30min时,腈氯纶纤维上的染料上染百分率达到最大;(3)活性染科在之后上染,加入30g/L元明粉,8g/L纯碱,保温30min,棉纤维上染率达到最佳;(4)染色织物经色牢度测试均达到4级以上.     

棉织物用无盐染色剂GX—H23改性工艺研究

本文选用广州金瑞鹰生物化学有限公司的GX-H23改性剂对棉织物进行改性处理,探讨其改性工艺,研究了最佳的改性剂用量及其改性温度和时间,并在最佳工艺条件下,对改性前后染料的上染百分率和染色织物表观色深度K/S值等染色性能作比较.研究发现,改性后棉织物的上染速率比未改性的快,上染百分率、固色率和K/S值比未改性织物大.     

黄柏染料冷冻干燥法粉末提取及其染色重现性

为提高植物染料染色重现性,采用冷冻干燥法对黄柏植物染料进行了粉末提取.将提取的黄柏染料粉末对棉针织物进行相关的对比实验,探讨了染液浓度、pH值、上染温度、处理时间、浴比等工艺参数对染色重现性的影响.实验结果证明,该方法可提高黄柏染料的染色重现性,重现性高达100%.最佳工艺参数为质量浓度10g/L,温度80℃,染色时间20min,浴比1:60.     

棉织物的阳离子改性及其紫甘蓝色素的染色

为研究天然色素对纺织物的染色与着色,本文以紫甘蓝色素为例,以正交试验法研究了棉织物的阳离子改性工艺以及紫甘蓝色素对改性棉织物的染色性能,测定了改性前后棉织物的上染率、表观色深值、耐洗牢度和耐摩擦牢度。结果表明:棉织物经阳离子改性后染色性能有了较大程度的改善,改性的最佳条件为:阳离子改性剂FK-316的用量(质量百分比)为10%,处理温度为60℃,时间是45 min,pH值为10。在最佳改性条件下紫甘蓝色素染织物的上染率为54.8%,K/S值达到8.1,耐洗牢度和耐晒牢度均提高1~2级。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that