全乙酰基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖的超声溴化反应动力学

运用薄层色谱扫描技术研究了回流温度时(76℃)1,2,3,4,6-五-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖的超声溴化反应,通过测定反应液中初始物半乳糖的浓度随超声辐照时间的变化,采用一次法和初速度法分别建立了该反应的反应动力学方程:r=9.348×10-3ρ1(一次法),r0=1.07 8×10-2ρ1,0(初速度法),确认这一反应对初始物半乳糖为一级反应,探讨了可能的反应机理,根据推测的反应机理得到的动力学方程为r=Kρ1,(K=2k1k2ρNBS/k5),与实验结果一致.     

超临界水氧化法处理HTS分子筛生产废水

超临界水氧化技术是处理高浓度难降解有机废水领域的一种高效、环境友好型的处理技术。利用超临界水氧化法处理钛硅(HTS)分子筛生产废水,主要考察了反应温度和停留时间对超临界水氧化处理钛硅(HTS)分子筛生产废水过程中COD去除率和氨氮去除率的影响,并在实验数据的基础上对COD转化率的反应动力学方程进行研究。实验结果表明,在23MPa和氧气过量的条件下,反应温度为793 K和停留时间120 s条件下,COD转化率和氨氮去除率分别可以达到99.96%和99.37%,处理出水能够达到排放标准。动力学研究结果表明,反应温度763~793 K范围内该反应为一级反应,活化能为34.67 k J·mol-1,指前因子为12.41。     

微波催化氧化联用技术处理敌百虫农药废水

采用微波催化氧化联用技术处理敌百虫农药废水,分别讨论废水酸度、微波加热功率和微波处理时间对废水化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)去除率的影响.结果表明:当废水pH为1、双氧水加入量为4 mL·L~(-1)、活性炭加入量为8 g·L~(-1)、微波加热功率为350 W、微波处理时间为5 min时,COD去除率为92.18%.动力学研究表明,在最佳条件下反应的表观过程近似符合一级反应规律,其动力学方程为1n(ρo/ρ)=0.1776t+0.0279,速率常数k=0.177 6 min~(-1),相关系数为0.974 7,半衰期t_(1/2)=3.902 min.     

松脂的氧化动力学研究

为研究松脂的氧化反应动力学,采用紫外分光光度法定量测定固态枞酸在聚乙烯膜上的吸光度变化,求出松脂参与氧化反应的反应量,进而研究松脂氧化反应动力学。实验结果表明,松脂的热氧化和光氧化反应动力学均呈现表观一级反应。热氧化反应温度为35、40、45℃时的表观速率常数分别为3.000×10-4、5.000×10-4、1.100×10-3 min-1,反应活化能Ea为105.8 kJ/mol。254 nm紫外灯辐照下,温度为35、40、45℃时,光强度与表观速率常数的关系分别k=1.162×10-4I+2.626×10-4、k=1.248×10-4I+4.588×10-4、k=1.298×10-4I+0.001 1。     

光电催化协同降解曙红研究

比较了光催化法、电解氧化法和光电催化法对模型污染物———曙红的降解效果,对光电催化法降解曙红进行了重点研究,考查了pH、电流密度和曙红浓度对降解效果的影响,并对在不同pH下光电催化降解曙红的动力学进行了研究.研究结果表明:光电催化法对曙红的降解率高于电解氧化法和光催化法,电解和光催化之间存在着协同效应;光电催化法对曙红的降解率随pH的升高而下降;在较低的电流密度范围内(低于10.0 mA/cm2)增大电流密度可明显增强曙红降解效果,而过大的电流密度则没有明显的促进作用;曙红降解率随曙红初始浓度的增加而降低,而降解浓度则随曙红初始浓度的增加而增加.在反应的初始阶段曙红的降解符合一级动力学方程,溶液在pH为4.0、7.0、11.0时,速率常数分别为k=8.335×10-2m in-1、1.69×10-2m in-1、1.0×10-2m in-1.     

全乙酰基－β－Ｄ吡喃半乳糖的超声溴化反应动力学

运用薄层色谱扫描技术研究了回流温度时(76°C)1,2,3,4,6-五-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖的超声溴化反应,通过测定反应液中初始物半乳糖的浓度随超声辐照时间的变化,采用一次法和初速度法分别建立了该反应的反应动力学方程:r=9.348×1-0 31ρ(一次法),r0=1.07 8×1-0 21ρ,0(初速度法),确认这一反应对初始物半乳糖为一级反应,探讨了可能的反应机理,根据推测的反应机理得到的动力学方程为r=K1ρ,(K=2k1k2ρNBSk5),与实验结果一致。     

丙酮光敏强化MoO3催化降解甲基橙的研究

以MoO3为光催化剂,丙酮为光敏剂,研究了甲基橙模拟废水的光催化降解反应,并进行了动力学初步研究.结果表明:MoO3对甲基橙模拟废水的光催化降解具有良好的催化活性,其光催化反应速率常数k=10.31 mg.L-1.m in-1.加入丙酮后,丙酮的光诱导作用强化了MoO3的光催化氧化过程,使甲基橙的降解速度加快.动力学研究表明,甲基橙模拟废水的降解速率r与时间t的关系:r=2.33-0.14t-0.024t2 0.002 6t3-9×10-5t4 1×10-6t5-6×10-9t6.     

微生物絮凝剂用于垃圾填埋场渗滤液后处理的研究

对经生化处理后的垃圾渗滤液采用混凝絮凝法进行后处理，结果表明：混凝絮凝法对难降解有机质的去除十分有效，COD去除率可达到60％以上，特别是微生物絮凝剂的用量少，不产生二次污染，可应用于垃圾渗滤液特别是给水难降解有机质的去除工艺中。     

N,N′-二苯基顺丁二甲酰胺β晶型成核剂的热分解动力学

以TG/DTG/DTA为手段, 研究了N,N′-二苯基顺丁二甲酰胺β成核剂在空气气氛中的热分解动力学,利用Kissinger法、Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)法对N,N′-二苯基顺丁二甲酰胺β成核剂进行了动力学分析,求出了该物质的热分解动力学参数,同时利用Satava-Sestak法研究了该物质的热分解机理.用等温TG法得到失重10%的寿命方程.结果表明,Kissinger法所求的活化能为113.01 kJ·mol-1,指前因子lg A =9.83;Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法所求得的活化能为112.46 kJ·mol-1.N,N′-二苯基顺丁二甲酰胺β成核剂的热分解机理为相边界反应,圆柱形对称,反应级数n=(1)/(2),其动力学方程为G(α)=1-(1-α)1/2.寿命方程为:ln τ＝ -36.646+1.9117×104/T.     

光催化-超声波联合降解炼油厂含油废水动力学的研究

炼油厂含油废水具有COD值高和含油量高、易燃等特点,造成环境污染.本文探讨超声波-紫外线联合降解炼油厂含油废水的反应机理;并对反应动力学进行了研究,建立了动力学模型.其动力学方程为(-rA)=0.116CA,动力学参数为:Ea=56.1kJ/mol,k0=3.1.采用不同实际体系的实验数据对动力学模型进行了验证.结果表明,动力学模型的计算数据与实验数据能够较好的吻合.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-