2-羟基吡啶质子转移异构化的理论研究

采用量子化学中的密度泛函理论，在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G＊＊计算水平上，系统考察了在水、氨和甲醇分子辅助下，2-羟基吡啶醇式和酮式结构的质子转移异构化行为.结果表明：其醇式和酮式结构均能稳定存在，但后者在能量上稍占优势.3种分子参与的质子转移反应均是按照协同机理进行的.它们的参与能够大大降低反应能垒，使得在动力学上难以发生的质子转移反应得以进行.其中甲醇的辅助效果最佳，其次为水和氨分子.另外，辅助分子和各种介质的溶剂效应均有利于酮式结构的稳定性，这与有关的研究吻合较好.     

4-苯基嘧啶-2-硫酮互变异构的理论研究

采用B3LYP/6-311 G＊＊方法,计算并考察了4-苯基嘧啶-2-硫酮分子的硫醇式和硫酮式构型进行结构互变质子迁移的两种可能途径：（a）分子内质子迁移,（b）水助质子迁移.计算结果表明,途经（b）所需要的活化能较小,氢键在降低反应活化能方面起着重要作用.Onsager自洽反应场溶剂模型用于水相的计算,并探讨了水溶剂化效应对异构化过程的几何结构和能量的影响.     

两种不对称四硫富瓦烯衍生物的合成、结构及电化学行为研究

以1,3-甲基二硫基-二硫醇-2-硫酮(化合物1)和1,3-环戊烯二硫基-二硫醇-2-硫酮(化合物5)为原料,在P(OEt)3存在下,分别与1,3-二(氰乙硫基)-二硫醇-2-氧酮(化合物3)发生不对称偶联,得到了两个新型的不对称四硫富瓦烯衍生物(化合物6a和6b).对二者进行了熔点、IR、1H NMR、13C NMR、MS、EA等表征,解析了其晶体结构,并对它们的电化学行为做了初步的研究.     

溶剂效应对2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑 质子转移的影响

采用光谱法和密度泛函理论研究了DMF,甲醇等有机溶剂及不同组成的1,4-二氧六环/甲醇混合溶剂中2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑(HPBI)的分子内质子转移反应,考察了溶剂极性对HPBI光谱性质及激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)机制的影响,探讨了酸碱度对HPBI在水溶液中荧光光谱受的影响.结果表明,在所考察的溶剂中,HPBI均表现出烯醇式和酮式的双发射峰(350 nm和460 nm附近),且溶剂极性越小越有利于质子转移.结合可极化连续介质模型(PCM),M06-2X/6-311++G(d)及TD M06-2X/6-311++G(d)的密度泛函理论计算进一步表明,在同一溶剂中,烯醇式构型是基态HPBI的主要存在形态,而在激发态时的结构,HPBI的烯醇式构型通过质子转移转化为酮式构型.此外,当溶液中碱达到一定浓度时,将在415 nm处产生一个酚氧负离子所发射的新荧光峰,TD B3LYP/6-311++G(d)的理论预测该发射峰的波长为409. 44 nm.     

乳清酸异构化反应的理论研究

乳清酸是配位化学中的优良配体．它的酮式和烯醇式互变异构体,以及其不对称结构,使其成为多用途的多齿有机配体．在B3LYP／6—311＋G＊高基组水平上,使用Gaussioan 98程序包对乳清酸的结构进行了全优化,以充分理解它的空间构型、异构化过程并获得一些有用参数．研究表明,空间位阻效应、氢键和共轭效应在维持乳清酸空间构型中发挥重要作用,并且异构体1a在能量上最稳定．对异构化过程的研究显示,质子转移过程的能垒相对较高,但顺反异构过程的能垒相对较低．IR光谱能够帮助我们区分不同的异构体和光谱实验中不同的振动模式．     

2-硫代巴比妥酸互变异构的理论计算

采用B3LYP/6-311G**方法对处于优势构象时的2-硫代巴比妥酸各互变异构体进行了几何全优化和频率计算,CPCM反应场溶剂模型用于水相的计算,得到它们的总能量、零点振动能和溶剂化能.计算结果表明,2-硫代巴比妥酸在气相中和水相中主要以(硫)酮式结构存在.采用相同方法计算并考察了(硫)醇式与(硫)酮式结构进行结构互变质子迁移有分子内质子迁移和水助质子迁移2种可能途径.计算结果表明,水助质子迁移所需要的活化能较小,氢键在降低反应活化能方面起着重要作用.     

2-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮质子转移及七元瓜环限制作用的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-311++G(d)和ONIOM(B3LYP/6-311++g(d):PM3)水平上,研究了2-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮(DHPQ)及其在七元瓜环(CB7)限制下的双质子转移过程,确定了DHPQ分子各互变异构体的结构、能量以及基态质子转移反应的过渡态.通过对结构变化和能量差异的分析,探讨了DHPQ中的双质子转移机理,考察了质子转移的纳米笼效应以及该笼效应对质子转移热力学性质的影响,同时研究纳米腔与DHPQ的几何匹配关系以及水溶剂对包合物质子转移的影响.计算结果表明:DHPQ是采取分步转移机理,纳米腔的限制对质子转移过程产生一个很大的能垒,抑制分子内质子转移过程,水溶剂的引入促进Path 2,抑制Path 1.     

无溶剂下微波辐射合成5-芳亚苄基硫代巴比妥酸

在无溶剂、无催化剂的微波反应条件下,由硫代巴比妥酸与芳香醛发生缩合反应制备了7种5 芳亚苄基硫代巴比妥酸,收率分别为:C6H5—88%,4 (CH3)2NC6H4—92%,4 ClC6H4—80%,4 HOC6H4—83%,3,4 (CH2O2)C6H3—96%,4 CH3OC6H4—87%,2,4 Cl2C6H3—78%.其产物结构通过1HNMR和IR得到了确认.     

FNCX(X=O,S)异构化反应的量子化学研究

采用MP2/6-311+ +G(2df)方法讨论了FNCX→FCNX(X=O,S)的异构化过程,优化得到了三元环过渡态的构型,讨论了异构化反应中反应物、过渡态、产物的构型、电子分布及能量等方面的变化.     

氢键加强引起的链式激发态多质子转移的动力学研究进展

作为自然界中最广泛存在的基本反应过程之一,质子转移(proton transfer,PT)一直是动力学研究中的一个重要话题.而沿着一系列氢键进行的多质子转移过程,更是由于绿色荧光蛋白的发现及广泛应用,成为了近年来的热门课题.我们使用密度泛函理论(DFT)对新兴的链式激发态多质子转移过程进行了系统的理论研究.我们以赵广久与韩克利研究员建立的激发态氢键加强理论为基础,对6-hydroxyquinoline(6HQ)光酸分子及其阳离子形式6HQc的激发态质子转移反应,给出了新的解释及机理:(1)在一个体系中,氢键加强与氢键减弱可能会同时存在,归结其原因,主要取决于激发态分子的电荷再分布;(2)单个或者少数的水分子是很难从酸性分子上夺得质子的,只有当水分子形成更大的团簇(即氢键更多)时,其夺质子能力会大大加强;(3)链式激发态多质子转移(即多质子转移机理)并不单纯的是分步机理或者是协同机理,也有可能是分步与协同相结合的进行,是一种复杂多变的反应.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.