套筒长度对加筋碎石桩复合地基路堤变形和稳定性的影响

采用离心模型试验研究套筒长度对加筋碎石桩复合地基路堤变形和稳定性的影响。研究结果表明:(不加筋)碎石桩复合地基路堤下的桩体主要发生鼓胀变形,导致路堤整体产生显著沉降,但未出现剪切滑移趋势;半长加筋碎石桩复合地基路堤边坡及靠近坡肩下的桩体由于抗弯刚度不足,其在路堤荷载下产生弯曲变形及倾倒,同时位于路堤中心、主要承受竖向荷载的桩体则在加筋套筒底部未加筋部位产生明显的鼓胀变形,从而导致路堤产生很大的沉降,其桩顶和桩间土沉降量是碎石桩复合地基路堤的1.7倍左右;全长加筋碎石桩复合地基路堤边坡下桩体在路堤荷载下向外弯曲,由于其抗弯和抗压刚度较大,路堤沉降较小。在实际应用中,应对桩体采用全长加筋方式,以减小加筋碎石桩复合地基路堤的沉降,提高稳定性。     

夯实水泥土楔形桩复合地基工作性状试验研究

针对软土地基中的夯实水泥土桩复合地基,分别进行1组圆柱形桩和3组不同楔角楔形桩的9桩复合地基对比试验,研究这4组复合地基在相同条件下的桩－土平均沉降差、桩体应力、平均桩－土应力比、平均沉降随荷载变化的规律.研究结果表明:夯实水泥土楔形桩能有效地调节桩－土沉降差和地基沉降,提高地基承载力:增大楔形桩的楔角能使桩体较早地发挥其承载性能:在一定荷载范围内,夯实水泥土楔形桩复合地基的平均桩一土应力比夯实水泥土圆柱形桩复合地基的平均桩一土应力比大:随着荷载的增加,桩体所分担的荷载是有限的,夯实水泥土楔形桩复合地基的平均桩－土应力增长趋于稳定或下降,即楔形桩的倾斜侧壁能有效地缓解桩体应力集中现象.     

夯实水泥土桩复合地基中桩-土-垫层共同作用机理

基于剪切位移法,引入Mylonakis&Gazetas桩-土相互作用及温克尔地基模型,导出复合地基中桩-桩、桩-土及土-土相互作用柔度系数计算式;在此基础上,考虑垫层的影响,提出路堤荷载作用下桩-土-垫层共同作用分析的新方法,并利用Matlab软件编制相应的计算程序。以夯实水泥土桩复合地基为例,进行路堤荷载下夯实水泥土桩复合地基的室内模型试验,探讨垫层模量及厚度对桩与土差异沉降的影响。研究结果表明:在路堤荷载作用下,设置合适的柔性垫层,能有效增加桩体承担荷载的比例,发挥桩的承载能力,减少桩与桩间土之间的差异沉降及复合地基的沉降,改善复合地基的工作性状。     

长期荷载下有侧向约束柔性桩复合地基试验

为探讨长期荷载作用下柔性桩复合地基的工作性状,进行了有无侧向约束条件下夯实水泥土桩复合地基的长期荷载对比试验.在复合地基表面埋设沉降标,量测了桩体和土体沉降值,得到了桩和土的沉降随时间的变化规律;通过在桩间土表面、桩顶、桩端埋设土压力盒和在桩身埋设内贴应变片PVC管量测应力值,获得了桩顶与土顶应力、桩-土应力比、桩身轴力随时间发展的变化规律.试验结果表明:在长期荷载作用下,设置了约束长桩夯实水泥土桩复合地基的工作性状明显优于无约束夯实水泥土桩复合地基的工作性状——大幅度缩短了进入沉降稳定时间(约为64%),减小工后沉降量(约为29%~42%),降低桩-土应力比约39%;明显地调整了桩身轴力分布.分析认为:采用柔性桩加固软土路基时,在加固区边缘设置刚性长约束桩,能有效地控制路基的工后沉降,提高路基的承载性能.     

路堤荷载下DJM-PVD复合地基固结特性数值分析

以淮盐高速公路现场试验段为原型,采用数值分析方法分析了路堤荷载下DJM-PVD复合地基的固结机理和桩土应力分配特性.数值计算中采用单元体模型来代表复合地基.数值分析结果表明:路堤荷载下,DJM-PVD复合地基上部中桩间土沉降大于桩体沉降,桩端附近桩体沉降大于桩间土沉降,存在桩土差异沉降,桩土差异沉降使得桩间土承担荷载和桩体承担荷载相互转移;复合地基的桩体应力集中、桩体应力比等与均桩土差异沉降的发展密切相关;DJM-PVD复合地基的固结机理主要包括3部分:排水板的排水效应、粉喷桩的应力集中效应以及桩土间荷载转移形成的孔压梯度,三者均能加速地基的固结,减少工后沉降.     

堆载加芯搅拌桩复合地基荷载传递与变形特性

加芯水泥土搅拌桩常被用于软土路基加固,为研究堆载作用下加芯水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的荷载传递规律、变形特性以及芯长比对其影响,结合实际工程案例进行现场基底沉降、地基深层水平位移、分层沉降、内芯桩竖向应力监测,构建不同芯长比三维有限元复合地基数值模型进行验证、对比分析,研究结果表明：①在堆载作用下,软土路基加固区存在中性点,在中性点上下,钢筋砼内芯桩与水泥土外壳桩荷载传递方式有所不同,钢筋砼内芯桩主要承担上部竖向应力,而水泥土外壳桩由传递剪切应力转换为承担上部竖向应力;②增加芯长比可以增加桩体的有效桩长,增长水泥土外壳桩承担传递剪应力功能的长度,减少作用在桩土界面的负摩阻力大小,有利于控制沉降;③增加芯长比能有效减少基底桩顶以及桩间土的沉降量,减少桩间土的竖向应力分担。     

浆固碎石桩复合地基沉降分析

军理工大学 工程兵工程学院, 江苏 南京 210007; 4.舟山市港航管理局, 浙江 舟山 316000) 摘要：为研究浆固碎石桩复合地基沉降特性,首先建立了路堤荷载作用下桩土复合地基计算模型,并对桩土复合地基各部分变形协调特性进行了分析,随后按照圆形承载板作用下半空间体位移的解,对路堤荷载下复合地基各部分沉降进行分析,建立了桩土变形协调方程,推导出荷载作用下桩身轴力、桩端反力和桩侧摩阻力的计算公式。在考虑注浆渗透改善作用和桩体等效半径后,建立了复合地基沉降的计算公式。现场试验表明,实测值与理论计算值相吻合。     

混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩复合地基承载特性分析

为了探讨混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩基础在软土地基中的受力特征,以及褥垫层的移动趋势,进行混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩复合地基加固软土地基的室内模型试验。通过监测分级荷载作用下复合地基的沉降和桩顶、桩底以及桩间土不同位置的应力分布的变化来探讨复合地基承载特性。对桩顶平面处A桩周围土层表面埋设标志物,分析了褥垫层材料的移动态势和桩间土体的沉降量的规律。试验结果表明:复合地基在上部荷载作用下,加载初期是由桩来承担大部分上部荷载;由于褥垫层的调节作用,桩顶面处的桩土应力比逐渐增大,达到峰值后比值有所减小直到趋于稳定。混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩复合地基在上部荷载作用下的沉降曲线(P-S曲线)为缓变型;褥垫层向群桩所围成几何图形的中心移动,桩周土的水平位移和竖向沉降都以桩为中心呈现由近及远不断减少的趋势。研究结果为工程实践提供了有益的参考。     

混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩复合地基的承载特性

为了探讨混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩基础在软土地基中的受力特征,以及褥垫层的移动趋势,进行混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩复合地基加固软土地基的室内模型试验。通过监测分级荷载作用下复合地基的沉降和桩顶、桩底以及桩间土不同位置的应力分布的变化来探讨复合地基承载特性。对桩顶平面处A桩周围土层表面埋设标志物,分析了褥垫层材料的移动态势和桩间土体的沉降量的规律。试验结果表明:复合地基在上部荷载作用下,加载初期是由桩来承担大部分上部荷载;由于褥垫层的调节作用,桩顶面处的桩土应力比逐渐增大,达到峰值后比值有所减小直到趋于稳定。混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩群桩复合地基在上部荷载作用下的沉降曲线(P-S曲线)为缓变型;褥垫层向群桩所围成几何图形的中心移动,桩周土的水平位移和竖向沉降都以桩为中心呈现由近及远不断减少的趋势。研究结果为工程实践提供了有益的参考。     

考虑水泥土软化特性的桩承加筋路堤渐进破坏研究

针对目前水泥土桩承加筋路堤稳定性计算较少考虑水泥土应变软化特性的不足，采用无筋水泥材料破坏后特性的应变软化模型(Concrete Model, CM)研究桩承加筋路堤的失稳过程，通过分析不同位置桩体受力特性和桩体塑性区的发展情况，探究桩体的破坏顺序及破坏模式.结果表明：CM模型能够准确地模拟应变软化对水泥土剪切和弯曲破坏的影响，忽略水泥土桩的应变软化特性会高估桩承加筋路堤稳定性；水泥土桩破坏由桩身弯矩和轴力分布控制，桩体破坏诱发的应力释放引起临近桩体的内力变化，导致临近桩体发生渐进破坏；坡面下的桩体容易发生弯曲破坏，破坏方向由坡脚向路堤中心延伸，而路面下的桩体容易发生剪切破坏，破坏方向由路堤中心向坡脚延伸；加筋体刚度的提高会降低桩体的弯矩，桩承加筋路堤的破坏模式由渐进破坏转变为承载力不足的瞬时破坏.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-