前置反射器辐射温度计的研究

导出了奠定前置反射器辐射温度计理论基础的被围表面有效发射率新公式。此式也是红外辐射测温技术的基本公式之一。被测表面在反射器作用下会引起表面温升现象,由此根据所拟定的边界条件和初始条件解一维热传导方程,求得被测表面温升的理论公式。上述两式都与实验结果相吻合。为深入了解该类型仪表的测温原理,对该类型辐射测温仪表的系统误差进行了分析,各项有效发射率增量的累计与理论有效发射率之和(实际有效发射率)同实际测量误差相比,吻合较好。此种辐射温度计在1000℃时,误差在±10℃以内。     

一种辐射测温的简便线性化方法

本文提出辐射测温的一种简单线性化公式。该方法将信号电压直接作对数运算,便于数字式温度显示或其它线性仪表指示。计算机模拟表明,在常用的红外测温波段和温度量程范围内可获得较好的精度,适合于模拟电路结构的辐射温度计使用。     

三波长辐射测温法及仪表的研究

本文介绍的三波长辐射测温法是以普朗克公式和电动力学中Hagen-Rubens公式为理论基础的非接触测温方法。主要解决被测对象表面发射率很低或不确定时的辐射测温问题。文章着重介绍了仪表的工作原理和结构,分析了仪表的精度、灵敏度和刻度方法。最后给出了实验结果,对理论分析予以验证。     

高精度测温仪表的研制

数字式测温仪表已成为自动化生产过程中最为普通的仪表，但工业用数字测温仪表在某些场合受到限制，特别是在测量精度方面．作者研制了多种高精度数字测温仪表，经过一年运行后，复测仪表精度，误差不超过上０．１℃，许多点的重复性在０．０３℃内．本文着重论述测温传感器的选择，铂电阻的非线性校正，Ｒ—Ｖ变换电路选择以及前置电路的设计等．     

用热电偶法测量切削温度时动态误差的分析

本文介绍了用热电偶法测量切削温度时,测温传感器及测温仪表的动态特性和滞后误差;并对现有测量切削温度的标定与实验方法进行了一些评述。     

TWC—光纤高炉铁水连续测温

该测温仪由光钎传感器和二次仪表两大部分组成。传感器采用了光钎耦合与传输的先进技术,用10m光钎作为耦合传输元件,将探头与光电元件分离。用压缩空气冷却光耦合器和光纤,并清洗光路,使探头能长期逼近被测铁水表面,光电元件离开测温现场,埋入地下,同时,大大地提高了抗干扰能力。测温仪信号处理与输出采用了模拟数字显示和单片机大屏幕显示装置,并配有记录仪,性能稳定可靠,漂移小,具有黑度系数补偿,峰值保持及峰值平均值,实现了仪表的智能化,为高炉炼铁计算机控制系统提供了先决条件。 该测量仪在承德钢铁厂炼铁厂2~#和3~#高炉安装运行了五个月。通过对铁水及炉渣温度测量的实践证明,仪表性能稳定可靠,测量准确,使用方便,能满足炼铁工艺生产要     

SAW传感器步进频率测温仪硬件设计关键技术研究

在简述延迟线型SAW传感器测量温度工作原理的基础上,提出了测温仪的硬件结构,深入研究了测温仪主要组成单元的关键技术,设计和研发出SAW传感器步进频率测温仪系统.测温仪的充分测试结果验证了这些关键技术对于提高测温精度起着重要作用.     

双前置罩式辐射测温原理

在环境辐射及物体发射率未知的情况下,直接用辐射测温仪测出物体的真实温度,是长期以来未解决的问题。本文假定将两个具有给定温度及发射率的罩子罩在物体上,并利用安装在罩子顶上开孔处的二台辐射测温仪分别测得两个表现信号,利用这两个信号及我们推得的公式,可实时测出物体的发射率及真实温度。本文还给出了前置罩式辐射测温仪的信噪比及灵敏度公式。     

高精度全姿态惯性平台的自标定

传统的惯性平台的标定方法存在很大的局限性.根据高精度惯性仪表的特性,对传统的误差模型适当地进行了简化,建立了供自标定使用的陀螺仪、加速度计误差模型;针对三框架四轴全姿态惯性平台,提出了一种七位置自标定方案;给出了公式解算方法及数据测试方法,占用时间约40 min,共分离出包括两个水平地速分量在内的20项误差系数.通过自标定时间、精度分析,表明该自标定方案有助于缩短平台的测试时间,提高武器系统的使用精度.     

在线黑度测量的研究

提出了一种新的在线黑度测量的原理及方法。应用该方法在线测量了中厚钢板、轧辊和钢坯等表面全发射率(黑度)。该法需要两台前置反射器辐射温度计,一台带反射器,另一台带吸收器。根据两台仪表的读数可以建立两个电压信号方程式,解这两个方程便可求得温度和黑度的值。当被测表面温度为400℃以上,黑度为0.6以上时,系统误差可在5％以内。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to