多维球面模型应用于草原监测数据分析的探讨

提出分析归纳草原监测多元数据的新数学方法，多维球面模型。M个物种所组成的草原的状态可以用M元向量来表示，向量的长度用来表示草原的量值，向量的方向表示草原组成。从草原监测的角度，草原的相对组成是更重要的，成份变化的比率更能说明问题。在处理草原监测数据中使用向量等比系列和向量等差系列是可行的。笔比系列比较能反映几何增长的本质。为了纠正中间过程被忽略的弱点，要坚持逐年监测，逐步分析，或使用滑动平均。二阶趋势值可尝试用于解决时间滞后问题，卡门滤波用于降低预报误差。因为草原监测使用分种数据，必须以人工监测记录为主，再辅以其它高科技手段，如遥感。     

监视过程均值变化的残差控制图检测能力分析

对过程实施统计质量控制的基本假设前提是观测值彼此独立,但实际工作中经常出现过程的观测值存在自相关的现象.若自相关过程的残差满足独立同分布条件,对残差实施控制图监视是解决自相关过程控制的方法之一.应用检测能力指数和平均运行长度两种衡量指标,分析了自相关过程由时间序列模型AR(1)描述时,残差控制图对过程均值变化的检测能力.结果表明,残差EWMA(φ≤1-λ)控制图对过程均值小偏移较灵敏,当φ<0时,残差EWMA控制图对过程均值大偏移的检测能力略差于残差Shewhart控制图.     

基于Bootstrap方法的分布未知情况下的小波动过程质量控制

讨论了在质量特性分布未知的情况下对小批量生产过程中产生的较小异常波动进行监控的一种Bootstrap WV-EWMA控制图设计方法.首先引入赋权方差法将任意未知分布转换为两个正态分布,由此构造WV-EWMA控制图.然后通过对有限样本进行多次随机有放回抽样的Bootstrap方法对未知分布的集中和离散程度进行较为有效的统计估计,由此建立能够对分布未知的小批量过程进行质量监控的Bootstrap WV-EWMA方法.以平均运行长度ARL（average run length）为监控效率的衡量指标,提出了这种小波动控制图方法的优化参数设计方案,并通过与已有的方法进行对比说明这种方法的有效性.     

基于Markov链的MCUSUM控制图链长分析

平均链长(ARL)作为评价控制图性能的一个重要指标,对其进行深入的研究是控制图参数设计、性能评价及实际应用的基础。在多元向量累积(MCUSUM)控制图的基础上,研究了样本协方差已知、过程受控条件下该控制图的ARL以及链长分布的计算方法。采用Matlab计算平台,该文给出了该方法以及仿真法的程序实现,对比研究了两种方法的计算结果及算法收敛性。研究表明Markov链法为渐进收敛,适用于控制图的参数设计和链长的分布计算;仿真法为波动收敛,其更适用于过程存在偏移时控制图的ARL计算。     

多元质量特性的贝叶斯均值向量控制图

贝叶斯控制图主要研究小样本情况或非稳定状态下的质量控制问题，是质量控制理论中的一个新的研究领域。通过建立多元质量特性控制的数学模型，利用多重线性模型的贝叶斯推断理论，证明了正态-Wishan先验分布下多元质量特性模型的预报分布为多元t分布，并根据多元t分布与F分布之间的关系，构造了F统计量和相应的贝叶斯均值向量控制图。     

基于自回归移动平均过程的贝叶斯质量控制方法研究

针对自回归移动平均过程中控制变量的观测值并不具有相互独立性,引入贝叶斯分析方法研究过程质量控制问题.通过模型结构的贝叶斯分析,利用残差序列建立了基于自回归移动平均过程的贝叶斯质量控制模型,解决了观察数据相关条件下的过程质量监控问题.仿真分析结果表明:贝叶斯ARMA质量控制方法能够有效地避免了在受控状态下使用常规控制图造成的漏发或虚发报警现象,解决了自回归移动平均过程情况下的质量控制问题.     

Lévy稳定过程均值变点监测研究

研究了特征指数α取值1<α≤2时,Cuscore控制图在Lévy稳定过程平均运行长度的近似估计以及EWMA控制图在Lévy稳定过程平均运行长度上界的近似估计;研究了特征指数!取值0相似文献   

一类质量泛函稳定流的不存在性定理

主要研究欧氏空间中n维紧致子流形M上的一类质量泛函稳定流,证明了当M的截面曲率kM及其平均曲率向量长度‖H‖满足以下条件之一时,M上不存在稳定流:(1) kM>(n2‖H‖2)/(8(n-1)),(2) M是(1)/(4)-pinch子流形,‖H‖<(2(n-1))/(n);并部分地解决了L-S猜想.     

非对称几何控制图在质量控制中的应用

在质量控制过程中, 对于检测不合格率p的变化,特别是p较小时, 基于几何分布的控制图( g-type chart)比基于二项分布的控制图(p-chart或np-chart)能更有效地检测并报警.但几何控制图经常会出现下限LCL为零的情况,而由于检测产品数的非负性, 当LCL为零时,几何控制图就不会出现报警,因而此时对检测p的增加几乎是没有效果的.该文提出非对称控制图的思想, 解决了零下限的问题,而且非零下限有效地提高了控制图p增加时的检测能力,其受控平均运行长度ARL和对称 (传统) 的控制图几乎相同.得到的数据可以在实际应用中确定控制限.     

L&#233;vy稳定过程均值变点监测研究

研究了特征指数α取值1〈α≤2时,Cuscore控制图在L&#233;vy稳定过程平均运行长度的近似估计以及EWMA控制图在L&#233;vy稳定过程平均运行长度上界的近似估计;研究了特征指数α取值0〈α〈1时,CUSUM控制图在L&#233;vy稳定过程平均运行长度上界的近似估计．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.