Influence of nanostructure on the device performance and charge recombination dynamics of P3HT:PCBM solar cells

In this paper,we investigated the recombination dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers in a poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl ester(PC 61 BM) blend system with donor-acceptor ratio of 1:1 before and after solvent annealing treatment.The technique of transient photocurrent and photovoltage measurements were used,and charge carriers were photogenerated by a 7 ns laser pulse at room temperature(298 K).In transient photocurrent measurement,we observed some differences in the saturation extracted charge in P3HT:PCBM solar cells with different power efficiencies.In addition,the bimolecular recombination coefficient is found to be 3.5×10-13 cm 3 s-1 for annealed devices,while 9.5×10-12 cm3 s-1 for as-cast devices.In the transient photovoltage measurement,we found that the photovoltage decay can be fitted by power-law equation at long time scale.The exponent parameter is 2.6 for annealed devices,which can be described as trap-free bimolecular recombination;is 1.76 for as-cast device due to the trap-limited bimolecular recombination.These experimental results indicate that the nanomorphology of active layer indeed have influence on charge carriers dynamics in P3HT:PCBM blend systems.     

退火对薄膜P3HT-PCBM太阳能电池的光电性能影响

以吩聚噻(P3HT)/C60的衍生物(PCBM)为活性层的太阳能电池为研究对象,研究薄膜退火对电池光电性能的影响.结果表明,退火能够提高材料的结晶度,增加光的透射率,降低反射率.在140℃温度下退火,该器件光电转化效率最大.     

Flexible dye-sensitized solar cell based on PCBM/P3HT heterojunction

Using blend heterojunction consisting of C60 derivatives [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as charge carrier transferring medium to replace I3–/I– redox electrolyte,a novel flexible dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is fabricated.The characterization of infrared spectra and ultraviolet-visible spectra shows that the PCBM/P3HT heterojunction has not only the absorption in ultraviolet light for PCBM,but also the absorption in visible and near infrared light for P3HT,which widens the photoelectric response range for DSSC.The influence of PCBM/P3HT mass ratio on the performance of the solar cell is discussed.Under 100 mW cm–2 (AM 1.5) simulated solar irradiation,the flexible solar cell achieves a lightto-electric energy conversion efficiency of 1.43%,open circuit voltage of 0.87 V,short circuit current density of 3.0 mA cm–2 and fill factor of 0.54.     

Sb2S3:P3HT共混物改善TiO2纳米棒阵列钙钛矿太阳电池的性能

为解决钙钛矿太阳电池中MAPbI₃的不稳定性问题,提高电池性能,对以TiO₂纳米棒阵列作为电子传输层、Sb₂S₃:P3HT共混物作为钙钛矿MAPbI₃修饰层的太阳电池进行了研究。首先,以SbCl₃作为锑源,Na₂S₂O₃作为硫源,采用溶剂热法制备合适尺寸的Sb₂S₃纳米球;其次,通过超声分散法将Sb₂S₃与P3HT在氯苯溶液中共混得到Sb₂S₃:P3HT共混物,将其旋涂于沉积了MAPbI₃薄膜的TiO₂纳米棒阵列上,形成FTO/TiO₂NR/MAPbI₃/Sb₂S₃:P3HT复合膜,制备成TiO₂纳米棒阵列MAPbI₃/Sb₂S₃:P3HT太阳电池;最后,采用SEM,XRD,J-V曲线和紫外可见吸收光谱等方法进行表征和测试。结果表明,制备的结构为FTO/TiO₂NR/MAPbI₃/Sb₂S₃:P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag的太阳电池,能量转换效率（PCE）最高达到了14.73％,与未采用Sb₂S₃:[JP]P3HT共混物修饰的TiO₂纳米棒阵列MAPbI₃太阳电池相比,能量转换效率得到了明显提升。因此,Sb₂S₃:P3HT共混物能避免出现钙钛矿MAPbI₃被氧化的不稳定性问题,可有效提高TiO₂纳米棒阵列MAPbI₃太阳电池的性能。     

Controlling PCBM aggregation in P3HT/PCBM film by a selective solvent vapor annealing

A selective solvent vapor, i.e., cyclohexanone or isopropyl benzene, which is a poor solvent for poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and a good solvent for fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), was employed to reduce the size of PCBM aggregates and prolong the formation time of big PCBM aggregates in P3HT/PCBM film. PCBM nucleates and aggregates of 10-20 nm scale form in the first few minutes annealing. Then the size of PCBM aggregates kept unchanged until annealing for 60 min. Finally, larger PCBM aggregates of micron-size formed hours later. On the contrary, the growth rate of PCBM aggregates was faster and their size was larger when treated with a good solvent vapor for both components. The P3HT crystallinity was the same with different types of annealing solvents, although the rate of P3HT self-organization was decreased after a selective solvent vapor annealing. Because of the smaller size of phase separation, the device annealed in a selective solvent vapor for 30 min had a higher PCE than that annealed in a good solvent vapor.     

Luminescent and photovoltaic properties of poly（9,9-dioctylfluorene- co-bithiophene） in organic electronic devices

We studied the luminescent and photovoltaic properties of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bithiophene)(F8T2) based on ITO/PEDOT:PSS/F8T2/Bphen/LiF(0 or 1 nm)/Al and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/F8T2:PCBM/Bphen/Al.A stable and bright yellow emission was obtained from polymer F8T2,and the electroluminescence power reached 45 ?W at a 15 V driving voltage.Polymer F8T2 shows a broad absorption band from 400 to 500 nm,and has a shorter absorption edge at about 560 nm compared to that of the typical electron donor P3HT(650 nm).The photoluminescence quenching of F8T2 occurs with only a small fraction of blended PCBM due to the effective exciton dissociation at the interface between F8T2 and PCBM.Polymer solar cells(PSCs) using F8T2:PCBM as the active layer show a low power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 0.10% with an open circuit voltage(Voc) of 0.91 V and short circuit current density(Jsc) of 0.23 mA/cm2.The PSCs using F8T2:P3HT:PCBM as the active layer have a Voc of 0.85 V and Jsc of 3.02 mA/cm2,improving the PCE by about 0.90%.We attribute the improved cell performance to the higher number of photons harvested by P3HT molecules.     

双重优化对基于P3HT:PCBM有机太阳能电池效率的提高

有效提高太阳能电池对光的吸收效率是提高太阳能电池能量转换效率的重要因素.在以poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)为电子给体材料,[6,6]-phenyl C60-butyric acid methyl eater(PCBM)为电子受体材料的有机太阳能电池中,Poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)与活性层之间插入不同厚度的P3HT层,并在P3HT层最佳厚度的基础上,进一步在活性层中掺杂不同比例的Ag纳米粒子,双重优化了电池器件.当插入45 nm的P3HT层及掺杂质量比为5%的Ag纳米粒子时活性层薄膜的形貌及内部结构得到了改善,电池对光的吸收,及外量子效率得到了显著地提高,并出现红移现象.在25°C,光强为100 mW/cm2的条件下测量其短路电流密度JSC为11.21 mA/cm2,能量转化效率PCE为3.79%.     

ZnO纳米纤维:P3HT:PCBM杂化太阳能电池光性能研究

本文探索在空气中制备高效率ZnO纳米纤维:P3HT:PCBM杂化太阳能电池的方法（简称ZnO:P3HT:PCBM电池），通过调控ZnO纳米纤维的纺丝时间，制备了效率达到2.94%的ZnO:P3HT:PCBM杂化太阳能电池。系统研究了纳米纤维的制备时间对电池光电性能的影响，采用扫描电镜（SEM）、电化学阻抗分析研究了ZnO纳米纤维的微观形貌及电池中的载流子传导特性。     

有机太阳能电池的研究进展

回顾了近五年有机太阳能电池在电池材料和器件性能方面的研究进展．在材料方面,合成具有低带隙的化合物,使之与太阳光谱有更好的匹配,以提高对太阳光的吸收范围;在器件方面,通过使用异质结和纳米结构,使之在增加光吸收的同时保证激子的分离与有效迁移．有机聚合物太阳能电池是有机太阳能电池的发展方向,设计并合成具有低带宽和低HOMO能级的D—A型聚合物是提高其理论光能转化效率的关键．通过改进与提高电池的制作技术,充分挖掘新材料的潜力,将获得较大光能转换效率的有机太阳能电池．     

一个Cu(Ⅱ)配位超分子的研制及光物理性质

采用水热方法合成了1个新的Cu(Ⅱ)配合物[Cu(pdc)2]·[(CH3)2NH2]2(H2pdc=吡啶-2,5-二羧酸).通过X射线单晶衍射确定了该配合物的结构.对配合物进行了IR、固体UV-Vis吸收光谱、表面光电压光谱(SPS)和场诱导表面光电压光谱(FISPS)、热重等物性表征.结构分析表明,该配合物为Cu(Ⅱ)的单核配合物,其中Cu(Ⅱ)离子为四配位(CuN2O2配位模式),形成扭曲的平面四边形构型.晶体中,分子间通过Cu…O弱键及氢键网联成3D超分子.SPS结果表明,该配合物在300~800nm范围内呈现出一定的光电响应,表明它具有一定的光电转换能力.将SPS与UV-Vis光谱进行了关联,发现它们具有密切关系.     

热氧化法制备 TiO2薄膜电极及其光电流性能

采用热氧化钛片的方法制备了TiO2薄膜电极,然后利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、荧光光致发光（PL）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、光电流和光电压等实验技术进行表征,考察了不同热处理温度对薄膜的形貌、晶相结构、光学性质和光电流性能等的影响．结果表明：随着热处理温度由3000C提高到600℃,在钛片表面上逐步生成晶粒细小、多孔且荧光强度逐渐降低的纯金红石TiO2薄膜,并可获得分别为0．154mA／cm2和0．3V的最大阳极光电流和光电压,而继续增大热处理温度虽有助于氧化膜的形成,但光电流和光电压则急剧减小．因该热处理方法具有操作简单、生成的表面膜与基底的附着性好且光电性能稳定等特点,使其在TiO2膜电极制备方面有较好的应用前景．     

在电子传输层中掺杂二氧化钛纳米粒子来提高反式钙钛矿太阳电池的效率

基于CH3NH3PbX3 (X=Cl, Br, or I)材料的钙钛矿太阳电池由于其简单的制作工艺和较高的光电转化效率在近年来吸引了大量的研究。该文报道了在电子传输层（PCBM层）中掺杂二氧化钛纳米粒子从而提高了反式结构钙钛矿太阳电池的性能。通过掺杂二氧化钛纳米粒子,使电子传输层的能级和钙钛矿层的能级更加匹配,从而改善了电子的传输和收集并抑制了正负电荷复合,提高了钙钛矿太阳电池的短路电流密度和填充因子。光电转化效率从原来的12.1%提高到了13.5%。我们的结果表明,在PCBM层掺杂二氧化钛纳米粒子是一种简单有效的提高钙钛矿太阳电池的性能的方法。     

两类异质结构中光生电荷分离效率与光电性质

首先制备Cu4Bi4S9纳米带与石墨烯不同比例复合体系(CBS-graphene),其中石墨烯质量分数分别为:0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6%,2.0%和2.4%.以α-Fe_2O_3为电子受主,CBS和CBS-graphene为电子施主,制备成α-Fe_2O_3/CBS、α-Fe_2O_3/CBS-graphene两类异质结构及体相异质结太阳能电池.XRD检测结果表明,异质结两组分都达到了良好的结晶状态;而且,两类复合体系都呈现出了复合结构的光吸收特性,但光吸收性质无明显差异.对于CBS-graphene,随着石墨烯含量逐步增加其光伏性质逐渐增强,当石墨烯质量分数为1.6%时达到最佳光伏响应强度,此后其光伏性质逐渐减弱.稳态和电场诱导表面光电压谱表明两类异质结都具有优越的光伏性质,但α-Fe_2O_3/CBS-graphene呈现出明显优于α-Fe_2O_3/CBS的光伏响应.基于石墨烯质量分数为1.6%,α-Fe_2O_3/CBS和α-Fe_2O_3/CBS-graphene两类体相异质结太阳能电池最高光电转换效率分别为3.1%和6.8%.从异质结厚度、能级匹配、石墨烯导电网络以及优越的电子传输特性几个方面,详细讨论了光生电荷分离的影响因素及光生电荷传输动力学.     

1个新的三核镍配位超分子的合成、晶体结构及光物理性质

采用水热方法合成了1个新的Ni(Ⅱ)配合物{[Ni3(dcp)2(phen)2(H2O)6]·4H2O}(H3dcp=吡唑-3,5-二羧酸).对该配合物进行了单晶X射线衍射结构表征及UV-Vis-NIR吸收光谱,IR光谱和表面光电压光谱(SPS)性质测定.结构分析表明,该配合物为三核Ni(Ⅱ)配合物,其中2个Ni(Ⅱ)离子[Ni2(Ⅱ)、Ni2A(Ⅱ)]是晶体学等效的,另外1个Ni1(Ⅱ)离子与它们是不等效的.每个Ni(Ⅱ)离子均为6配位[Ni1(Ⅱ)离子配位模式为N2O4,Ni2(Ⅱ)和Ni2A(Ⅱ)离子配位模式为N3O3],配位构型均为畸变的八面体.配合物最终由氢键网联成具有2D结构的超分子.配合物的表面光电压光谱的测定结果表明,它在300~800nm范围内呈现出正的表面光伏响应,表明它具有一定的光电转换能力.同时对配合物的UV-Vis-NIR吸收光谱和IR光谱进行了分析和指认.     

Enhancing the power conversion efficiency of PCDTBT:PC71BM polymer solar cells using a mixture of solvents

Organic polymer solar materials are shown to exhibit better solubility in mixed solvents than in pure ones,which affects the performance of their solar cells.In this article,poly[N-9-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4.7-di-2-thienyI-2,l,3-benzothiadiazole)(PCDTBT0)and[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester(PC_(71)BM)are used as active layer materials in solar cells.To optimize the performance of these active materials,the ratio of chloroform(CF)to chlorobenzene used as solvents to dissolve PCDTBT,and PC_(71)BM is varied,which is shown to affect power conversion efficiency(PCE).The solar cell that shows the best performance with a PCE as high as 6.82%is produced using a volume ratio of CF to chlorobenzene of1:1.     

系列Mn(Ⅱ)配合物的光电性能研究

采用水热方法合成了2个Mn(Ⅱ)配合物[Mn(pzdc)( H2O)2]n(1)(H2pzdc=3,5-吡唑二羧酸),[Mn(phen)(pdc)(H2O)2] · H2O(2)(H2pdc=2,5-吡啶二羧酸),通过单晶X-射线衍射确定了配合物的晶体结构.结构分析表明,配合物1属于单斜晶系,P21/c空间群,在晶体中,中心金属Mn(Ⅱ)离子为6配位,是以3,5-吡唑二羧酸为桥连接起来的具有1D无限结构的配位聚合物;配合物2属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,在晶体中,中心金属Mn(Ⅱ)离子为6配位,是单核结构,氢键将其连接成具有2D结构的配位超分子.在室温下对配合物的IR和UV-Vis-NIR吸收光谱进行了测定和分析指认.而且利用表面光电压光谱研究了配合物的表面光伏性能.结果表明,配合物1和2在300～500 nm范围内呈现出正的光伏响应.并且随着Mn(Ⅱ)离子配位环境不同,光伏响应带数目和强度也明显不同.     

基于LabVIEW串口通信的太阳能电池I—V曲线测试系统的设计与应用

采用LabVIEW软件平台搭建一套自动化I-V曲线测试系统,系统的数据采集部分由LabVIEW8．5软件、VISA4．1库、Keithley2000数字源表、低压电源和计算机等软、硬件所组成．对结构为ITO／PEDOT：PSS／P3HT：PCBM／Al的有机太阳能电池进行的I-V曲线测试,开路电压为0．608V,短路电流为8．25mA／cm2,填充因子为0．662,电池的转换效率为3．32％,其结果与CHI660电化学测量系统测量的结果相近,表明此系统具有可靠性、实时胜和准确性等特点．     

The effect of DIO additive on performance improvement of polymer solar cells

A series of polymer solar cells （PSCs） based on poly （diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene） （PDPP3T） and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester （PC71BM） as active layer were fabricated to investigate the effect of 1,8- diiodooctane （DIO） on the performance of PSCs. The power conversion efficiency （PCE） of PSCs was increased from 3.77 % to 4.37 % for the cells with DIO additive. The underlying reason may be attributed to that DIO additive could make PC71BM more dispersive in the active layer, forming a better bicontinuous interpenetrating network for excition dissociation and charge carrier transport. There- fore, the short circuit current density （Jsc） and fill factor （FF） was increased from 8.25 to 9.18 mA/cm2 and from 67.2 % to 70.0 % for the PSCs with DIO additive compared with PSCs without DIO additive.     

前处理对CdS敏化TiO2纳晶复合半导体电极光电化学性能的影响

将TiO₂纳晶薄膜在尿素及聚乙二醇（PEG）的混合水溶液中进行前处理，并采用连续离子吸附反应技术制备了具有多孔结构的纳米复合CdS/TiO₂薄膜电极。利用表面分析及光电化学方法研究了前处理对复合电极材料的结构、光学及光电化学性能的影响。结果表明，前处理能有效地提高CdS在TiO₂表面的沉积量，在400～500nm处提高了复合电极材料的光吸收效率。光电化学性能结果表明，前处理对复合电极的光电流及光电压没有产生明显的影响，但有效地提高了太阳能电池填充因子，因此有利于提高太阳能电池的光电转换效率。     

A mask-less scheme to generate nano-honeycomb-textured structures for solar cells

Honeycomb structure is extraordinarily effective to trap light,and the efficiency of solar cell with this texture is as high as 24.4%.In this paper,plasma immersion ion implantation and acid etching are applied to texture multi-crystalline silicon.Surface reflectivity and surface morphology are investigated by UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer and field emission scanning electron microscopy,respectively.We found that random nano-honeycomb structures have been formed on silicon surface.The weighted average reflectance is 7.68%from 300 to 1,100 nm wavelength region.We obtained honeycomb-textured solar cells following standard fabrication protocol.These solar cells show obvious better performance in short circuit current density([5.4%)and efficiency(*0.8%absolute)compared with acid-textured cell,while other performance parameters,such as open circuit voltage and fill factor,are not deteriorated.