公路桥梁技术状况模糊综合评价研究

为研究现有公路桥梁技术状况评判方法,选取影响桥梁技术状况的17项评价指标作为评判因素集,进而建立各因素间的层次关系。应用层次分析法和德尔菲法确定各指标的权重,运用模糊数学理论确定各指标的隶属度及评价标准,从而构建桥梁技术状况综合评价模型。基于该模型对某桥梁进行模糊综合评判,评判结果与工程实践具有较好的吻合度,可为现有桥梁技术状况评价提供一定的借鉴。     

基于模糊综合评价法的公路路线方案比选

为了综合比选公路路线设计方案,必须针对路线方案进行多目标多层次的决策分析。结合公路项目选线的特点与原则,利用改进的层次分析法和模糊综合评价法等系统分析方法,建立了完整可靠的公路路线综合评价指标体系,并利用建立的模糊综合评判模型对公路路线方案的优选进行了实证分析。结果表明,该模型具有较强的系统性、灵活性和实用性。     

基于AHP-TOPSIS的露天转地下采矿方案优选

为了确定合适的露天转地下采矿方案,建立露天转地下采矿方案综合评判指标体系,运用层次分析法(AHP)和逼近理想解的排序法(TOPSIS)基本理论建立露天转地下采矿方案优选的AHP-TOPSIS综合评判模型.从经济、技术、安全三方面综合考虑影响露天转地下采矿方案的评判指标体系,通过AHP确定各指标的权重,再结合逼近理想解的排序法原理构建AHP-TOPSIS综合评判指标模型,利用TOPSIS原理计算各方案基于评判指标的综合优越度.以黄麦岭磷矿露天转地下采矿方案优选为例,得到各拟选方案的综合优越度分别为67.39％ 、46.45％、52.14％,从而确定方案Ⅰ为最优.研究结果表明:该方法可以综合考虑各项评价指标对评价体系的影响,并进行定量计算.     

基于灰色关联和加权TOPSIS法的采矿方法优选

 为建立采矿方案综合评判指标体系,在综合层次分析法(AHP)、灰色关联分析法(GRA)和加权TOPSIS法基本原理的基础上,构建加权TOPSIS-灰色关联综合评判模型,对多种采矿方案进行综合评判优选。优选过程中,从经济、技术、安全3大类因素综合考虑影响采矿方法的评判指标,通过层次分析法获得各评判指标的权重向量,利用灰色关联系数改进加权TOPSIS法,建立加权TOPSIS-灰色关联综合评判模型,并运用TOPSIS法原理计算出各方案基于评判指标的综合优越度。以石人沟铁矿露天转地下采矿方案优选为例,得出4种拟选采矿方案的综合优越度分别为47.9%、62.5%、63.9%、59.9%,确定第3种采矿方案最优。经矿山实践验证了该评判模型的可行性和有效性。     

基于变权重理论和TOPSIS的充填方式优选

为了解决矿山在采用充填采矿方法时如何选择充填方式的技术难题,提出一种基于变权重理论和TOPSIS的综合评价指标体系,对多种充填方式进行综合评判优选。首先,建立综合评价指标体系,考虑到层次分析法等常规方法确定的常权以评价各候选方案时可能会导致"状态失衡"的现象;然后,依据变权重理论,根据各因素的组态(各因素的取值状况)不同,适当调整其权重,以保证各因素的均衡性,进而利用逼近理想解的排序法,计算各方案的综合优越度,从而确定各充填方案的优劣;最后,以某矿山充填方式选择为例,根据实际情况得出全尾砂、移动式泵送及全尾砂废石3种胶结充填方案。研究结果表明:这3种方案的优越度分别为38.7%,50.2%和63.9%,从而确定方案三为最优方案。其结果与工程实际中所得结果基本相符,表明该综合评判指标体系对矿山充填方式的选择具有参考价值。     

模糊综合评判在公路客运线路规划评价中的应用

针对公路客运线路规划方案影响因素多和评价指标难以完全量化的特点，提出运用层次分析和模糊综合评判相结合的方法，对基于不同规划思路提出的公路客运线路规划方案进行评价。建立了相应的评价指标体系，并运用层次分析法确定了各项指标权重，运用模糊综合评判法计算出各规划方案评判值，从而依据分值大小确定规划的推荐方案。最后通过实例验证了该方法的实用可行性和科学有效性。     

基于变权重二级模糊综合评判的岩溶区路域水环境分类

为了对高速公路路域水环境进行分类,根据路域水环境影响因素的层次性和模糊性特点,采用模糊数学方法,建立高速公路路域水环境二级模糊综合评判模型.评价模型采用转换等级确定各影响因素的隶属度取值,采用层次分析法确定各影响因素权重,并考虑实际情况对各影响因素权重进行变权处理;其最终计算采用VB语言编程实现,以减少评判的主观性和计算的复杂性,从而使评判结果更趋合理化.湖南炎陵-汝城高速23合同段路域水环境敏感性的评价结果表明:该合同段属于中度敏感型水环境区域,需在工程建设期间作好当地的水环境保护措施.评价结果与现场调研结果一致,验证了该方法的可行性和合理性.     

水资源系统多目标规划分层模糊优选原理

按目标分层，用分层模糊优选理论对流域综合开发方案进行优选，分层时允许评 价因素重叠，从而便于确定目标与评价因素的权重。对分层模糊优选模型进行了分 析，证明在单层模糊优选时与模糊综合评判模型有相同的排序，但结论更加离散。当 分层评判时，克服了模糊综合评判模型的结论值趋于均化难以产生合理评判结果的缺 点。     

基于粗糙集重心理论的公路隧道塌方风险分析

传统的模糊综合评判风险分析中权重确定过分依赖专家打分与主观调查法,且可能造成评判结论模糊.针对这些缺陷,引入粗糙集重心理论计算出客观权重集,并避免了某些小权重因素被“丢失”的现象.结合近15年来120处详实的隧道塌方事故统计资料,确定了包含地质因素、设计施工质量等在内的6大塌方风险因素,应用粗糙集理论中的决策表方法计算各因素的客观权重,并采用模糊重心理论中以正态分布作为各评价因素隶属函数的做法,建立了以粗糙集与模糊重心理论为基础的公路隧道施工期塌方评估方法.最后将该评估方法应用于工程实例中,并与传统的模糊综合评判分析方法和工程实际情况进行了对比,验证了本文方法的适用性与准确性.     

软土地区城市深基坑支护方案优选的模糊层次分析法

提出软土地区城市深基坑支护方案优选的模糊层次分析法。在对影响软土地区城市深基坑支护方案的各因素进行分析和调查基础上,选取4个一级指标、14个二级指标构建综合评价指标体系;通过层次分析法建立层次关系,构造阶层结构,采用模糊理论建立判断矩阵,确定权重向量;通过专家调查和理论分析等方式确定各因素得分,采用逻辑运算确定相对优属度矩阵,建立模糊综合评判模型,评判备选支护方案的优劣。利用该模型对上海陆家嘴地区某深基坑3个备选支护方案进行比选,得出备选方案的相对优属度分别为0.596,0.283和0.619,从而确定第三方案最优,为实际工程建设提供了决策依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.