~(137)Cs和~(90)Sr-~(90)Y混合源的β放射性强度教学实验研究

当137Cs和90Sr-90Y两个放射源混合时,就会产生混合的β放射性强度。文中寻求一种测量与分析手段来获取两个源混合状态下分别产生的β放射性强度。首先,进行137Cs及90Sr-90Y源混合β放射性能谱测量,再运用费米-居里描绘法对数据进行分析、分解等。在费米-居里描绘上可绘出高、低能区的面积,通过它们各自面积中的粒子数积分就可获得137Cs及90Sr-90Y源分别产生的β放射性强度。137Cs源的强度P=1 346.93 Bq、90Sr-90Y源的强度P=385.47 Bq。     

福建近岸海域海水中~(137)Cs活度浓度分析

随着宁德核电和福清核电首台机组投产,核电逐步发展成为福建省中远期的主力能源之一,由此,近岸海域的放射性水平受到民众关注。分布在海水中的多种裂变产物中,137Cs占有特殊地位,其半衰期长,对海水生物和人类的潜在危害深远。该研究选取了福建近岸海域7个地点海水进行调查,对这些海水进行137Cs的放射性水平检测,结果表明,7个地点海水的137Cs平均活度在1.33~1.89 m Bq/L之间,远低于海水水质标准中137Cs环境容许标准(0.7Bq/L),7个地点海水137Cs活度浓度均在环境正常水平。     

浅析朝核试验对上海市环境水和土壤放射性水平的影响

介绍了2006年朝鲜核试验前后的2004年至2008年间上海市水环境中90Sr及土壤中137Cs含量的变化趋势。结果表明:本市水环境中90Sr活度水平及土壤中137Cs活度水平未受该次核试验影响而发生明显变化。     

137 Cs在土壤中淋溶迁移的模拟试验

~(137)Cs作为示踪元素广泛应用于土壤侵蚀及泥沙沉积研究中,其在土壤中的稳定性是决定其能否用于示踪土壤沉积与侵蚀的前提条件.但也有学者对应用~(137)Cs示踪技术的重要假设提出质疑,认为被土壤颗粒吸附的~(137)Cs易解吸成Cs+离子,随水流失或被植物吸收.本文利用双层土柱模拟淋溶装置研究了~(137)Cs和土壤粒径组成在不同雨量条件下的淋失和垂直迁移特征.结果表明,在600~3 000mm降雨量内,土壤中~(137)Cs平均质量活度为10.9Bq·kg-1,略小于试验前的11.5Bq·kg~(-1),与雨量并无显著相关性,土壤中的~(137)Cs有向下垂直迁移现象,但并不显著;土壤中~(137)Cs质量活度与土壤中的黏粒含量有很好的正相关性,决定系数R2达到0.73;有待于增加模拟雨量,作进一步研究.     

航空γ能谱全谱数据的高斯分解方法

137Cs等人工放射性核素的活度浓度是核应急环境电离辐射水平评价中的重要数据。为了提取NaI(Tl)航空γ能谱仪(GR-820)实测全谱数据的137Cs信息,采用高斯最小二乘拟合算法对实验谱线的低能重叠峰进行了单高斯和双高斯峰的拟合方法研究。对铀源、钍源和铯源实验数据用单高斯拟合的最大相对误差小于±15%,对铀和铯混合源的双高斯峰拟合峰面积的平均误差为21.84%。对3个重叠峰以上的高斯拟合方法仍需进一步深入研究。     

三种盆栽植物对Cs吸收能力的研究

用容易获得的40K来代替不易获得的137Cs进行Cs的吸收能力实验。实验通过以不同浓度KCl土壤培植芦荟科芦荟、苋科马齿苋和百合科虎皮兰三种植物,处理30天后,测量其土壤中K的比放射性活度并与未经处理的土样相比较,用0.5g、1g、1.5gKCl处理过的芦荟吸收的40K分别为6501.5、13723.9、20925.82 Bq/kg;用0.5g、1g、1.5gKCl处理过的马齿苋吸收的40K分别为7145.95、14455.09、21825.98 Bq/kg;用0.2g、0.3g、0.4g、0.5gKCl处理过的虎皮兰吸收的40K分别为2861.3、4195.73、5702.42、7132.22 Bq/kg。结合相关实验分析可得这三种植物对可以从土壤中吸收Cs,且其对137Cs的吸收能力与土壤中137Cs呈正相关,其中苋科植物和百合科植物对137Cs的转移能力大于芦荟科植物。可以用于137Cs的植物修复。     

核测量教学仪器的优化设计

目前国内对于面向学生实验用核测量仪器都为单一的测量物体密度、厚度或料位的实验装置,并且在源强的选择上大都在10mCi左右,本设计针对此情况,提出了一种优化设计方案,该设计方案对放射源源强的选择,密封源的结构设计,被测物质的选择等进行了理论模型估算,以得到一优化方案,该方案采用活度为1mCi的放射源^137Cs以减小照射剂量,并且在测量功能上进行了改进,使仪器集测量密度、厚度、料位这三种功能于一体。     

核废物桶检测中探测效率的数值方法

为了既准确又快速地进行探测效率刻度,针对中低放射性废物活度测量,提出了一种基于探测对象、准直器和以高纯锗探测器为例的空间分布的探测效率实时数值计算方法.采用该方法对不同位置、不同能量的点放射源进行效率刻度,与蒙特卡罗方法计算结果的相对偏差均在5%以内.使用γ射线探测系统对木材和聚氨酯填充的废物桶样品进行实验测量,得到核素137Cs和60Co的探测效率,相同工况下的数值计算结果与实验测量值的相对误差均在12%以内,且多数小于5%.研究结果表明,在进行放射性核废物桶检测时,采用该数值计算方法可以快速而准确地进行效率刻度.     

环境样品低水平γ放射性的活度测量

土壤中含有多种放射性核素,其中含量较高的核素有40K、226Ra、232Th和238U,以这四种的标准源为基础进行实验测量,计算各种能量所对应的全能峰的分支比和探测效率,从而计算出这些放射性核素的活度.通过实验的方法,用BH1936型低本底多道γ能谱仪作为实验仪器,把60Co和137Cs的混合放射源作为能量刻度的已知能量源,对实验仪器能量刻度,以及对标准土壤源40K、226Ra、232Th和238U的探测效率进行实验测量.以此为基础对环境样品进行了能谱分析,主要是测量和分析了环境土壤样品和建材样品的放射性活度,得到了标准源(40K、226Ra、232Th和238U)为代表的核素的比活度.     

基于137Cs示踪技术的土壤侵蚀研究进展

由于应用137Cs示踪技术能够提供土壤侵蚀与沉积信息，近年来137Cs示踪技术逐渐成为土壤侵蚀研究的重要方法．本文介绍了137Cs示踪法原理，回顾了其在土壤侵蚀中的研究应用，并对其优缺点进行评价．然后，总结了。137Cs示踪剂法土壤侵蚀模型，最后展望了其在土壤侵蚀研究中的前景．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.