免疫沉淀法分离纯化感染细胞保的甲肝病毒RNA

本研究采用抗血清（多抗血清）沉淀甲肝病毒，并用盐酸胍－酸性酚，氯仿一生法分离纯化病毒ＲＮＡ。此方法能排除非病毒ＲＮＡ的污染，操作简单，要求条件较低，ＲＮＡ的纯度和完整性都较好。     

双链RNA技术在果树病毒研究中的应用

含ＲＮＡ基因组的植物病毒在复制时会产生双链ＲＮＡ（ｄｓＲＮＡ）。本文介绍了用ＣＦ－１１纤维素粉提取ｄｓＲＮＡ的步骤,并列举了ｄｓＲＮＡ在果树病毒研究中的应用,其主要应用有：１）果树病毒病及病原鉴定;２）病毒分化株系的鉴定;３）以ｄｓＲＮＡ为中介对病毒核酸序列进行测定;４）探针制备和ｃＤＮＡ克隆的获得;５）用于检测病毒卫星ＲＮＡ和亚基因组ＲＮＡ;６）侵染性测定和制备抗血清等方面的研究。     

侵染马铃薯的一种短杆状病毒的分离鉴定

从马铃薯“紫花白”叶片中分离到一种短杆状病毒,病毒粒体直径为１９±１．９ｎｍ,长度在１８０～２２０ｎｍ之间,ＯＤ２６０／２８０比值为１．２３,病毒核酸为ｓｓＲＮＡ,单一组分．用提纯的病毒免疫家兔,制备抗血清,微量沉淀法表明此病毒与ＰＬＲＶ,ＰＶＸ,ＰＶＹ,ＰＶＳ,ＴＭＶ均无血清学关系．病毒分离物可摩擦接种茄科,苋科、藜科植物,并在不同指示植物上引起不同的症状,但只在普通烟上产生系统感染．电镜观察和ＤＡＳ－ＥＬＬＳＡ检测证实此病毒可摩擦回接马铃薯“紫花白”,但不引起明显症状．病毒的稀释限点为１０－４～１０－５,体外存活期为６ｄ,致死温度为８０～８５℃．与目前已报道的侵染马铃薯的各种杆状ＲＮＡ病毒比较分析证明,此病毒是侵染马铃薯的一种新病毒,命名为马铃薯短杆状病毒（Ｐｏｔａｔｏｒｏｄ－ｓｈａｐｅｄＶｉｒｕｓ,ＰＲＶ）．     

植物抗病毒基因工程的研究进展

本文对近年来植物抗病毒基因工程的发展作一简介,介绍了利用病毒外壳蛋白基因,病毒卫星 ＲＮＡ,弱病毒全长ｃＤＮＡ,反义ＲＮＡ,核酶,抗体基因和干扰素基因,毒蛋白基因,病毒上基他基因以及植物上抗性基因等方法．     

中蜂囊状幼虫病病毒部分结构蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

根据小ＲＮＡ 病毒科（ Ｐｉｃｏｒｎａｖｉｒｉｄａｅ） 中病毒ＲＮＡ 所具有的结构特征, 采用ｍＲＮＡｃａｐｔｕｒｅ ｋｉｔ 提取纯化中蜂囊状幼虫病病毒（Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅｓｃａｂｒｏｏｄ ｖｉｒｕｓ ＣＳＢＶ） 的ＲＮＡ, 并以之为ｃＤＮＡ合成的模板． 依据小ＲＮＡ病毒科中的脊髓灰质炎病毒结构蛋白基因序列设计了一对引物ＶＰ５和ＶＰ３ , 通过ＰＣＲ 扩增获得预期大小约为１ １００ ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ 片段, 将此片段克隆到ｐＧＥＭＴｅａｓｙ载体上并直接测序． 序列分析表明, 该片段为中蜂囊状幼虫病病毒部分结构蛋白基因, 与意蜂幼虫囊状病病毒结构蛋白基因序列的同源性为８６－８ ％ , 与之对应氨基酸序列的同源性高达９３－４ ％ ． 该病毒株为一种新型的蜜蜂囊状幼虫病病毒株     

水稻条叶枯病毒云南分离物（RStV.Y）的纯化与理化特性分析

采用改进的水稻病毒纯化方法，以２００ｇ／Ｌ的蔗糖垫替代蔗糖密度梯度，从ＲＳｔＶ感染的水稻叶片中制备了病毒颗粒，电镜观察显示，ＲＳｔＶ为细丝状和分枝状结构，变性琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析分离纯化的病毒总ＲＮＡ得到４个大小不 同的病毒ＲＮＡ。     

用复制酶基因cDNA探针检测表达病毒外壳蛋白基因马…

利用马铃薯卷叶病毒（ＰＬＲＶ）复制酶基因３＇端长约６００ｂｐ的ｃＤＮＡ，用缺口平移方法进行＾３２Ｐ同位素标记，制备成ｃＤＮＡ探针，通过核酸斑点杂交，对提纯的马铃薯卷叶病毒（ＰＬＲＶ）、病毒ＲＮＡ、ＰＬＲＶ感染的马铃薯汁液，表达ＰＬＲＶ ＣＰ基因的马铃薯叶片及块茎芽进行了检测。结果表明，＾３２Ｐ标记的复制酶基因ｃＤＮＡ探针特异性强、灵敏度高。可测得提纯病毒的最低含量为４０８ｎｇ／ｍｌ，病毒ＲＮＡ最低     

茶卷蛾质型多角体病毒基因组特性的研究

茶卷蛾质型多角体病毒核酸（ＨｍＣＰＶＲＮＡ）用热酚法从提纯的病毒多角体中提取。紫外吸收光谱测定最高最低的吸收值分别在２６０ｎｍ和２３０ｎｍ处。经测定其Ｔｍ值为７９℃，在３％聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中，经电泳ＨｍＣＰＶＲＮＡ可分离得到１０条基因片段，各片段大小为０．３４×１０６～２．５５×１０６，总分子量为１５．１５×１０６，其ＰＡＧＥ图型与ＣＰＶ属代表种ＢｍＣＰＶＲＮＡ有较大差异，试验表明ＨｍＣＰＶ与ＢｍＣＰＶ属不同ＰＡＧＥ型。     

香蕉花叶病病原病毒及其卫星RNA的研究

进一步证明,我国华南地区香蕉叶病的病原病毒种类主要是由黄瓜花叶病毒引,在广西部分地区发现有烟草叶病毒的新株系感染香蕉。分离得到ＣＭＶ的卫星ＲＮＡ。     

植物病毒增殖的数值研究与转基因植株的抗病毒机理

通过计算机模拟病毒增殖过程并结合对基因组ＲＮＡ高级结构的预测,对烟草花叶病毒增殖中的负链特异终止现象给解释。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.