体外预应力对波形钢腹板箱梁自振频率的影响分析

为了研究体外预应力对波形钢腹板箱梁动力特性的影响,推导了波形钢腹板箱梁在体外预应力作用下的自振频率计算公式.以5.2 m缩尺波形钢腹板试验梁为对象,利用有限元软件ANSYS建立了预应力波形钢腹板箱梁的模型,对其进行了模态分析.通过对试验梁模态试验的自振频率测试数据与理论计算值以及有限元分析数据进行对比,证明了理论公式推导的正确性,论证了有限元模型的适用性.采用理论计算和有限元数值计算相结合的方法,研究了体外预应力钢束拉力、锚固位置以及截面积对波形钢腹板自振频率的影响.研究结果表明:三者对波形钢腹板箱梁自振频率的影响均较小,在实际工程中可以忽略体外预应力对波形钢腹板箱梁动力特性的影响.     

波纹钢腹板体外预应力箱梁桥钢制块式转向装置力学性能

采用有限元分析与实验研究相结合的方法,研究用于波纹钢腹板体外预应力箱梁桥的钢制块式转向装置的承载机理、受力特点、破坏形态、极限承载力等力学特性.在有限元分析中,采用梁段模型模拟分析转向装置对钢筋混凝土翼缘板的局部作用,采用转向装置局部模型模拟分析转向装置从加载开始直至破坏的受力全过程.实验室实验对有限元分析的结果进行了...     

某连续刚构桥的体外预应力加固设计

预应力混凝土连续刚构桥运营多年后出现了底板、腹板裂缝,文章通过对全桥病害状况进行分析,提出体外预应力加固方案,对箱梁结构混凝土应力进行计算。结果表明,体外预应力可改善箱梁局部应力状态,提高结构承载力。     

框架效应对预应力混凝土箱梁桥顶板横向预应力储备的影响分析

基于数值模拟研究了预应力混凝土箱梁桥三种不同横向预应力筋布置方式的预应力框架效应影响、横隔板设置、箱梁参数对顶板横向有效预应力的影响,并与现场测试结果进行了对比,表明了数值模拟方法的有效性,选取预应力混凝土箱梁桥高跨比、宽跨比、腹板与底板厚度之比等关键参数,进行实桥参数敏感性分析.表明预应力混凝土箱梁桥墩顶外由于横隔梁刚度大,在其5m左右范围内横向框架效应影响显著,应按非预应力混凝土设计预防顶板纵向裂缝产生,在跨中设计的横隔板附近应增加纵向抗裂钢筋;增加宽跨比、底板与腹板厚度之比、腹板与顶板宽度之比以及减少高跨比有利于保证预应力混凝土顶板横向有效预应力.     

预应力钢筋混凝土箱梁桥预应力摩阻损失测试

基于某大跨预应力连续箱梁桥腹板预应力钢绞线现场长期测试过程以及测试数据结果,对箱梁腹板预应力摩阻损失进行分析,为连续箱梁桥施工过程中预应力钢绞线的张拉控制提供依据,确保成桥后达到设计要求。     

波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁桥抗弯承载力计算

结合波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁桥抗弯特性，对该类桥的抗弯承载能力计算方法进行了探讨。分析了波形钢腹板组合箱梁有效分布宽度、偏载效应的已有研究成果，参考国外对该类桥中体外预应力筋的有效高度和极限应力取值，根据弯曲理论推导出波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁桥抗弯承载能力计算公式。模型梁算例表明，该计算方法简单可行。     

横张竖向预应力箱梁腹板加固新技术探索

为解决箱梁腹板开裂加固难的问题,提出新的"横张竖向预应力"加固方法,并运用有限元分析软件进行仿真分析,验证了其加固效果和可行性,为大跨度混凝土箱梁桥腹板开裂加固提供了新途径.     

薄壁箱梁大吨位预压力锚固区局部承压

随着连续刚构梁桥跨度越来越大,悬臂施工中大吨位预压力锚固的应用也越来越普遍,但是大吨位预应力锚固区薄壁混凝土箱梁承压局部应力分布复杂,通过对大吨位锚下混凝土局部应力分析,揭示其分布规律是后张法预应力混凝土桥梁结构有待解决的课题之一.从理论上对局压问题的影响因素、破坏原因及局压产生的裂纹类型等进行了阐述.结合重庆菜园坝长江大桥北引桥连续刚构混凝土梁桥工程实例,一方面,根据现行的《公桥规》中有关局部承压强度、抗裂性及最小保护层厚度等方面的规定,对0块顶板T2大吨位预应力束(设计值拉力4 882.5 kN)下混凝土进行了验算,另一方面通过有限元仿真分析,两者所得的结果相互验证,均符合规范规定要求.结论指出采用在锚下混凝土中增设横向拉筋使之与腹板内两侧钢筋网片形成封闭箍筋的设计可以解决大吨位薄壁腹板混凝土局压问题.     

混凝土箱梁桥竖向预应力作用下腹板应力场分析

基于有限元分析方法和差分分析方法,对预应力混凝土连续箱型梁桥的腹板竖向预应力作用下的应力场进行了分析,并与现行设计方法进行了比较,指出了腹板开裂的主要原因.分析表明腹板竖向预应力大小不能按现行桥梁设计规范进行设计.为指导砼箱梁桥设计和防治砼箱梁桥开裂,修改有关设计规范提供了理论依据.图12,表2,参5.     

PC箱梁桥腹板竖向预应力锚固系统切向刚度的研究

为解决PC箱梁桥腹板竖向预应力失效的问题,建立了腹板竖向预应力锚固系统的非协调接触理论模型,利用位势理论和GW(Greenwood-Williamson)随机粗糙表面模型,求解了弹性半空间体在表面力作用下竖向预应力锚固系统的切向静弹性刚度与张拉力的函数关系,在此基础上进行了竖向预应力模型静载试验验证.结果表明:竖向预应力锚固系统的切向刚度随竖向张拉力的增加呈非线性递增.该研究对于竖向预应力锚固系统的单自由度系统动力学模型的建立以及竖向预应力筋张拉力的定量测试具有重要意义,也为纵向预应力检测提供了理论依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-