超临界CO2流体萃取药用植物有效成分的研究进展

综述了十几年来超临界流体萃取技术在天然药用植物有效成分提取与分离的研究情况，阐述超临界CO2流体萃取技术在天然药用植物有效成分提取中应用的优越性展望了超临界CO2流体萃取技术其应用前景。     

超临界流体技术的应用研究进展

主要对超临界流体技术中的超临界二氧化碳萃取、超临界丙烷萃取、超临界水氧化法三种技术，在研究和工业化生产中的应用情况作了详细的叙述,并对超临界流体技术的发展进行了展望．     

超临界流体萃取技术在天然药物研究中的应用

文章介绍了超临界流体萃取技术的原理及优点，并对其在天然药物研究中的应用进行综述。     

超临界流体萃取固态物料的缩芯萃取模型

对超临界流体萃取固态物料进行了萃取机理分析，建立了超临界流体萃取固态物料的萃取模型，给出了宏观萃取速率表达式，提出了验证实验方案．     

超临界流体萃取固态物料的缩芯萃取模型

对超临界流本萃取固态物料进行了萃取机理分析，建立了超临界流体萃取固态物料的萃限模型，给出了宏观萃取速率表达式，提出了验证实验方案。     

超临界流体萃取分离技术及其应用

超临界流体具有独特的物理性质,是一种环境友好的绿色溶剂;超临界萃取技术是一种新型、清洁、高效的绿色分离方法、绿色工艺.文章从超临界流体的基本特性、临界流体萃取技术的基本原理与特点、超临界流体的主要类型、超临界流体该技术在中医药、天然产物中的应用等方面进行了概述了,并对超临界萃取技术的应用前景进行了展望.     

土壤中有机污染物的超临界流体萃取——色质联用分析

研究了超临界流体萃取炼钢厂炼焦车间土壤中有机污染物的最佳萃取条件。在最佳萃取条件下，对土壤样品进行了超临界流体萃取，离线色质联用分析，并同索氏萃取法进行了比较。     

超临界流体萃取雷公藤中有效成分的工艺优化

为了对雷公藤药物进行减毒增效，采用超临界流体萃取技术对雷公藤有效成分的萃取进行了研究．实验以有效成分雷公藤甲素、雷公藤生物总碱以及毒性成分雷公藤红素的收率以及在浸膏中的质量分数为指标，分别对夹带剂种类与组成、萃取温度、萃取压力、静态浸泡时间等因素进行了考察．结果表明，当75％乙醇水溶液为夹带剂，萃取温度为43℃，萃取压力为25MPa，静态萃取时间为3h，进行超临界流体萃取时，有利于有效成分雷公藤甲素以及生物总碱的萃取．所得结果与传统方法进行比较，超临界流体萃取雷公藤甲素收率是传统方法的3．49倍．超临界流体萃取可以有效萃出主要有效成分雷公藤甲素．     

超临界二氧化碳萃取技术及其应用

介绍了超临界二氧化碳萃取技术的基本原理和特点，综述了该技术在香料、医药、食品等工业中的应用。     

超临界流体萃取技术在茶叶加工上的应用进展

超临界流体，特别是超临界CO2，是良好的萃取剂，近30年来被广泛地应用于食品工业．本文综述了超临界流体萃取技术在茶叶加工上的研究和应用进展．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to